Öğretmen Adaylarına Yönelik Sınıf Ortamı Algıları Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi

Year 2019, , 771 - 800, 01.12.2019

Melike Ozüdoğru , Meral Aksu

https://doi.org/10.30964/auebfd.487734

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Bu
araştırmanın amacı, öğretmen adaylarının psikososyal öğrenme ortamına ilişkin
algılarını değerlendirmek için bir sınıf ortamı algıları ölçeği geliştirmektir.
Bu çalışmada öncelikle psikososyal öğrenme ortamı araçları ile ilgili kapsamlı
bir alanyazın taraması yapılmıştır. Ölçek, yapılandırmacılık, çevre uyum kuramı
ile Fraser ve meslektaşlarının çalışmalarına uygun olarak geliştirilmiştir.
Öğretmen Adaylarının Sınıf Ortamı Algıları Ölçeği'nin pilot formu, Moos’un
(1974) ilişki, kişisel gelişim ile sistem bakım ve sistem değişimi boyutlarına
uygun olarak 60 maddeyi içermiştir. 2016-2017 öğretim yılı bahar döneminde,
açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) için 520 öğretmen adayı ve 2017-2018
eğitim-öğretim yılı güz döneminde, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) için 280
ikinci sınıf öğretmen adayı çalışmaya katılmıştır. AFA, Temel Eksen Faktörler
Analizi ve promax rotasyon tekniği kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ölçeğin
faktör yapısı DFA ile doğrulanmıştır. Modifikasyonlardan sonra, kabul
edilebilir model uyum indeksleri elde edilmiştir. Faktörlerin güvenirlik
katsayısı .72 ve .85 arasında değişmektedir. Son olarak, geçerliği ve
güvenirliği çalışılarak ölçeğin, 38 maddeden oluşan, 5'li likert tipinde
Memnuniyet, İşbirliği, Katılım, Görev Yönelimi, Öğrenci Bağlılığı ve Zorluk
olmak üzere altı alt-ölçekten oluştuğu belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Sınıf ortamı, faktör analizi, ölçek geliştirme, öğretmen adayları, psikososyal öğrenme ortamı

The Development of Classroom Environment Perceptions Scale for Pre-Service Teachers

Abstract

The purpose of this research study was to
develop a classroom environment instrument for assessing pre-service teachers’ classroom
environment perceptions and investigate its validity and reliability. In this
study, the instrument was developed according to constructivism, environment
congruence theory and also the studies of Fraser and his colleagues. The pilot
form of Classroom Environment Perceptions Scale of Pre-Service Teachers
(CEPSPT) consisted of 60 items. It included Moos’ (1974) three dimensions of
classroom environments. For the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) 520
pre-service teachers and for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) 280
pre-service teachers participated in the study. By implementing EFA and CFA,
the factor structure of CEPSPT was confirmed. The internal consistency of
sub-scales changed from .72 to .85. As a result, the CEPSPT included 38 items
and consisted of six sub-scales.

Keywords

Classroom environment, factor analysis, pre-service teachers, psychosocial learning environment, scale development

References

• Afari, E., Aldridge, J. M., Fraser, B. J., & Khine, M. S. (2013). Students’ perceptions of the learning environment and attitudes in game-based mathematics classrooms. Learning Environments Research, 16, 131-150. Doi 10.1007/s10984-012-9122-6
• Aldridge, J. M., Dorman, J. P., & Fraser, B. J (2004). Use of multitrait-multimethod modelling to validate actual and preferred forms of the technology-rich outcomes focused learning environment inventory (Troflei). Australian Journal of Educational & Developmental Psychology, 4, 110-125. Aldridge, J. M., & Fraser, B. J. (2000). A cross-cultural study of classroom learning environments in Australia and Taiwan. Learning Environments Research, 3(2), 101-134.
• Aldridge, J. M., Fraser, B. J., & Huang, I. T. C. (1999). Investigating classroom environments in Taiwan and Australia with multiple research methods. Journal of Educational Research, 93(1), 48–62. doi: 10.1080/00220679909597628
• Arısoy, N. (2007). Examining 8th grade students’ perception of learning environment of science classrooms in relation to motivational beliefs and attitudes. Master’s thesis Middle East Technical University, Ankara.
• Atbas, E. E. (2004). The effect of students’ entering characteristics and classroom environment experiences on their language learning outcomes in an efl setting in Turkey. Doctoral dissertation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara.
• Ben-Chaim, D., Fresko, B., & Carmeli, M. (1990). Comparison of teacher and pupil perceptions of the learning environment in mathematics classes. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 21(5), 415-429. doi: 10.1007/BF00398861
• Chapman, F. (2012). Use of exchange-of-knowledge method for enhancing classroom environment and students’ attitudes and achievements in Mathematics. Doctoral dissertation, Curtin University. Australia. Retrieved May 23, 2018, from https://tinyurl.com/yc9h3387
• Charalampous, K. & Kokkinos, C., M. (2017). The what is happening in this class questionnaire: A qualitative examination in elementary classrooms. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 31(3), 379-400, doi: 10.1080/02568543.2017.1310153
• Chavez, R. C. (1984). The use of high inference measures to study classroom environments: A review. Review of Educational Research, 54(2), 237-261.
• Chien, C. F. (2007). Development, validation and use of an instrument for assessing business management learning environments in higher education in Australia: The business management education learning environment inventory (BMELEI). Doctoral dissertation, Curtin University of Technology, Australia.
• Chionh, Y. H., & Fraser, B. J. (2009). Classroom environment, achievement, attitudes and self esteem in geography and mathematics in Singapore. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 18(1), 29-44, doi: 10.1080/10382040802591530
• Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education (6th Ed.). New York: Routledge.
• Coll, R. K., Taylor, N., & Fisher, D. L. (2002). An application of the questionnaire on teacher interaction and college and university classroom environment inventory in a multicultural tertiary context. Research in Science & Technological Education, 20(2), 165-183. doi: 10.1080/0263514022000030435
• Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Boston: Pearson.
• den Brok, P., Fisher, D., & Scott, R. (2005). The importance of teacher interpersonal behaviour for student attitudes in Brunei primary science classes. International Journal of Science Education, 27(7), 765-779. doi: 10.1080/09500690500038488
• Dorman, J. P., Adams, J. D., & Ferguson, J. M. (2003). A cross-national investigation of students' perceptions of mathematics classroom environment and academic efficacy in secondary schools. International Journal for Mathematics Teaching and Learning. Retrieved April 20, 2018, from http://www.cimt.org.uk/journal/dormanj.pdf
• Field, A. P. (2009). Discovering statistics using spss. (3th Ed.). London: SAGE Publications.
• Fisher, D. L., & Fraser, B., J, (1983). Validity and use of the classroom environment scale. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 5(3), 261-271.
• Fisher, D. L & Fraser, B. J. (1985, April). Using short forms of several classroom environment scales to assess and improve classroom psychosocial environment. Paper presented at the 58th Annual Meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, French LickSprings, Indiana.
• Fraenkel, J. R. & Wallen, N. E. (2009). How to design and evaluate research in education (7th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
• Fraser, B. J. (1980). Criterion validity of an individualized classroom environment questionnaire. Retrieved April 20, 2016, from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED214961.pdf
• Fraser, B. J. (1986). Classroom environment. London: Croom Helm.
• Fraser, B. J. (1987). Classroom learning environments and effective schooling. Professional School Psychology, 2(1), 25-41. doi: 10.1037/h0090526
• Fraser, B. J. (1998). Classroom environment instruments: Development, validity, and applications. Learning Environments Research, 1(1), 7-33. doi:10.1023/A:1009932514731
• Fraser, B. J., Anderson, G. J. & Walberg, H.J. (1982). Assessment of learning environment: Manual for learning environment inventory, (LEI) and my class inventory (MCI) (3rd version). Perth: Western Australian Institute of Technology. Retrieved October 20, 2016, from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED223649.pdf
• Fraser B. J., & Fisher, D. (1994). Assessing and researching the classroom environment. In Fisher, D. L. (Ed.), The study of learning environments (pp. 23-38). Perth: Curtin University of Technology.
• Fraser, B. J., Giddings, G. J., & McRobbie, C. J. (1992). Assessment of the psychosocial environment of university science laboratory classrooms: A cross-national study. Higher Education, 24, 431-451.
• Fraser, B. J., McRobbie, C. J., & Fisher, D. (1996). Development, validation and use of personal and class forms of a new classroom environment questionnaire. Proceedings Western Australian Institute for Educational Research Forum.
• Fraser, B. J., Pearse, R. & Azmi (1982). A study of Indonesian students' perceptions of classroom psychosocial environment. International Review of Education, 28, 337-355.
• Fraser, B. J. & Treagust, D. F. (1986). Validity and use of an instrument for assessing classroom psychosocial environment in higher education. Higher Education, 15, 37-57.
• Fraser, B. J., Treagust, D. F. & Dennis, N. C. (1986). Development of an instrument for assessing classroom psychosocial environment at universities and colleges. Studies in Higher Education, 11(1), 43-54. doi: 10.1080/03075078612331378451.
• Fresko, B., Carmeli, M., & Ben-Chaim, D. (1989). Teacher credentials and other variables as predictors of the mathematics classroom learning environment. The Journal of Educational Research, 83(1), 40-45.
• Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P., & Borg, W. R. (2003). Educational research: An introduction (7th ed.). Boston: Allyn-Bacon.
• Goh, S. C., & Fraser, B. J. (1995, April). Learning environment and student outcomes in primary mathematics classrooms in Singapore. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, CA.
• Goh, S. C. & Fraser, B. J. (2000). Teacher interpersonal behavior and elementary students' outcomes. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 14(2), 216-231. doi: 10.1080/02568540009594765
• Haertel, G.D., Walberg, H.J., & Haertel, E. H. (1981). Socio-psychological environments and learning: a quantitative synthesis. British Educational Research Journal, 7 (1), 27-36. doi: 10.1080/0141192810070103
• Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). London: Pearson New International Edition.
• Kaufmann, R., Sellnow, D. D. & Frisby, B. N. (2016). The development and validation of the online learning climate scale (OLCS). Communication Education, 65(3), 307-321. doi: 10.1080/03634523.2015.1101778.
• Kesal, F. (2003). An investigation on constructivist classroom characteristics in ELT methodology II course. Doctoral dissertation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara.
• Kim, H. B., Fisher, D. L., & Fraser, B. J. (1999). Assessment and investigation of constructivist science learning environments in Korea. Research in Science and Technological Education, 17(2), 239-249. doi: 10.1080/0263514990170209
• Kim, H. B., Fisher, D. L., & Fraser, B. J (2000). Classroom environment and teacher interpersonal behavior in secondary science classes in Korea. Evaluation & Research in Education, 14(1), 3-22. doi: 10.1080/09500790008666958
• Kucukozer, H., Kirtak-Ad, V. N., Ayverdi, L., & Egdir, S. (2012). Turkish adaptation of constructivist learning environment survey. Elementary Education Online, 11(3), 671-688.
• LaRocque, M. (2008). Assessing perceptions of the environment in elementary classrooms: The link with achievement. Educational Psychology in Practice, 24(4), 289-305. doi: 10.1080/02667360802488732
• McRobbie, C. J., Roth, W. M., & Lucus, K. B. (1997). Multiple learning environments in the physics classroom. International Journal of Educational Research, 27(4), 333-342. doi: 10.1016/S0883-0355(97)90015-X
• Moos, R. H. (1974). The Social Climate Scales: An Overview. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
• O’Reilly, R. (1975). Classroom climate and achievement in secondary school mathematics classes. Article retrieved February 21, 2017 from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED101473.pdf
• Ozkok, A., Yurdugül, H. & Askar, P. (2011). An examination of the factor structure of the Turkish version of the online learning environment survey. Education and Science 36(161), 159-175. Retrieved June 11, 2017 from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.816.2541&rep= ep1&type pdf
• Rentoul, A. J. & Fraser, B. J. (1980). Predicting learning from classroom individualization and actual-preferred congruence. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 6(3), 265-277. Retrieved April 28, from https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-491X(80)90029-2
• Roth, W. M. (1998). Teacher-as-researcher reform: Student achievement and perceptions of learning environment. Learning Environments Research, 1(1), 75–93.
• Sagkal, A. S., Topcu-Kabasakal, Z., & Türnüklü, A. (2015). Turkish adaptation of the connected classroom climate inventory (CCCI). Elementary Education Online, 14(4), 1179-1192.
• Strayer, J. (2007). The effects of the classroom flip on the learning environment: A comparison of learning activity in a traditional classroom and a flip classroom that used an intelligent tutoring system. Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University, Columbus.
• Stevens, J. P. (2009). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences (5th Ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum New York: Routledge.
• Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (6th Ed.). Boston: Pearson Education Inc.
• Taylor, P. C., Fraser, B. J. & Fisher, D. L. (1997). Monitoring constructivist classroom learning environments. International Journal of Educational Research, 27(4), 293-302.
• Teh, G. P. L. & Fraser, B. J. (1995). Development and validation of an instrument for assessing the psychosocial environment of computer-assisted learning classrooms. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 12(2), 177-193.
• Telli, S., Cakiroglu, J., & den Brok, P. (2006). Turkish secondary education students’ perceptions of their classroom learning environment and their attitude towards Biology. In D. L. Fisher & M. S. Khine (Eds.), Contemporary approaches to research on learning environments: World views (pp. 517-542).
• Trickett, E. J., & Moos, R. H. (1973). Social environment of junior high and high school classrooms. Journal of Educational Psychology, 65(1), 93-102.
• Trinidad, S., Aldridge J. & Fraser, B. (2005). Development, validation and use of the online learning environment survey. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 21(1), 60-81.
• Wahyudi & Treagust, D., F. (2004). Learning environment and students’ outcomes in science classes in Indonesian lower secondary schools. Journal of Science and Mathematics Education in Southeast Asia, 27(1), 139-165.
• Walberg, H. J. & Anderson, G. J. (1968). Classroom climate and individual learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 59(6), 414-419. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0026490
• Walker, S. L. (2003). Development and validation of an instrument for assessing distance education learning environments in higher education: the distance education learning environments survey (deles). Doctoral dissertation, Curtin University of Technology.
• Wang, M. T. (2012). Educational and career interests in math: A longitudinal examination of the links between perceived classroom environment, motivational beliefs, and interests. Developmental Psychology, 48(6), 1643-1657.
• Velayutham, S. & Aldridge, J. M. (2013). Influence of psychosocial classroom environment on students’ motivation and self-regulation in science learning: A structural equation modelling approach. Research in Science Education, 43, 507–527. doi: 10.1007/s11165-011-9273-y.
• Yin, H. & Lu, G. (2014). Development and validation of an instrument for assessing mathematics classroom environment in tertiary institutions. Asia-Pacific Edu Res, 23(3), 655–669. doi: 10.1007/s40299-013-0138-1
• YÖK. (2013-2014). Number of students & teaching staff according to educational institutions for the 2013-2014 academic year. Retrieved from https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/
• Zandvliet, D. B. (1999). The physical and psychosocial environment associated with classrooms using new information technologies: A cross-national study (Doctoral dissertation). Curtin University of Technology. Retrieved April 7, 2017 from https://espace.curtin.edu.au/handle/20.500.11937/2124