Research Article
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Year 2025, Volume: 74 Issue: 4, 2075 - 2148, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.33629/auhfd.1768637

Abstract

References

  • Abram, David. The Spell of the Sensuous: Perception and Language in a More-ThanHuman World. Vintage Books, 1997.
  • Acosta, Alberto. “Toward the Universal Declaration of Rights of Nature: Thoughts for Action.” AFESE Journal 24, no. 4 (2010): 1-17.
  • Akyüz, Burcu. “…” Ekolojik Anayasa içinde, editör Mahmut Boynudelik, 40-46. Yeni İnsan Yayınevi, 2011.
  • Anderson, Gillian. “Rights of Nature Backing ‘Historic’ for Derry and Strabane.” Derry Journal, June 30, 2021. https://www.derryjournal.com/news/environment/rights-of-nature-backinghistoric-for-derry-and-strabane-3291707.
  • Anima Mundi Law Initiative. “Rights of Nature Case Study Mother Earth (Bolivia).” Accessed February 18, 2025. http://files.harmonywithnatureun.org/uploads/upload1131.pdf.
  • Anima Mundi Law Initiative. “Rights of Nature Case Study Nature (Uganda).” Accessed April 4, 2025. http://files.harmonywithnatureun.org/uploads/upload1140.pdf.
  • Armstrong, Kathryn. “New Zealand Mountain Gets Same Legal Rights as a Person.” BBC, January 31, 2025. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/czep8gg5lx4o.
  • Avelar, Idelber. “Non-Human Rights, Amazonian Ecocide and Davi Kopenawa’s Counter-Ethnography of Merchandise People.” In Non-Human Rights: Critical Perspectives, edited by Alexis Alvarez-Nakagawa and Costas Douzinas, 223-39. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2024.
  • Barragan, Guillermo Schumann. “Civil Litigation for Environmental Damages: Are the So-Called Rights of Nature an Alternative?” International Journal of Procedural Law 14, no. 1 (2024): 73-98. https://doi.org/10.1163/30504856- 14010004.
  • Bektaş, Oğuz Nasuh. “İklim Krizi: Kuzey Kutbu’ndaki Buzullar Aslında Erimiyor mu?” Teyit, 29 Şubat 2024. https://teyit.org/analiz/iklim-krizi-kuzeykutbundaki-buzullar-aslinda-erimiyor-mu.
  • Bender, Michelle, Rachel Bustamante and Kelsey Leonard. “Living in Relationship with the Ocean to Transform Governance in the UN Ocean Decade.” Plos Biology 20, no. 10 (2022): 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001828.
  • Blair, Harry. “Saving India’s Rivers: Ecology, Civil Society, Religion, and Legal Personhood.” World Development Sustainability 3, no. 1 (2023): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wds.2023.100068.
  • Blue Community. “Lake Titicaca Got Legal Rights.” May 5, 2025. https://bluecommunity.net/2025/05/05/lake-titicaca-got-legal-rights/.

Year 2025, Volume: 74 Issue: 4, 2075 - 2148, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.33629/auhfd.1768637

Abstract

References

  • Abram, David. The Spell of the Sensuous: Perception and Language in a More-ThanHuman World. Vintage Books, 1997.
  • Acosta, Alberto. “Toward the Universal Declaration of Rights of Nature: Thoughts for Action.” AFESE Journal 24, no. 4 (2010): 1-17.
  • Akyüz, Burcu. “…” Ekolojik Anayasa içinde, editör Mahmut Boynudelik, 40-46. Yeni İnsan Yayınevi, 2011.
  • Anderson, Gillian. “Rights of Nature Backing ‘Historic’ for Derry and Strabane.” Derry Journal, June 30, 2021. https://www.derryjournal.com/news/environment/rights-of-nature-backinghistoric-for-derry-and-strabane-3291707.
  • Anima Mundi Law Initiative. “Rights of Nature Case Study Mother Earth (Bolivia).” Accessed February 18, 2025. http://files.harmonywithnatureun.org/uploads/upload1131.pdf.
  • Anima Mundi Law Initiative. “Rights of Nature Case Study Nature (Uganda).” Accessed April 4, 2025. http://files.harmonywithnatureun.org/uploads/upload1140.pdf.
  • Armstrong, Kathryn. “New Zealand Mountain Gets Same Legal Rights as a Person.” BBC, January 31, 2025. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/czep8gg5lx4o.
  • Avelar, Idelber. “Non-Human Rights, Amazonian Ecocide and Davi Kopenawa’s Counter-Ethnography of Merchandise People.” In Non-Human Rights: Critical Perspectives, edited by Alexis Alvarez-Nakagawa and Costas Douzinas, 223-39. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2024.
  • Barragan, Guillermo Schumann. “Civil Litigation for Environmental Damages: Are the So-Called Rights of Nature an Alternative?” International Journal of Procedural Law 14, no. 1 (2024): 73-98. https://doi.org/10.1163/30504856- 14010004.
  • Bektaş, Oğuz Nasuh. “İklim Krizi: Kuzey Kutbu’ndaki Buzullar Aslında Erimiyor mu?” Teyit, 29 Şubat 2024. https://teyit.org/analiz/iklim-krizi-kuzeykutbundaki-buzullar-aslinda-erimiyor-mu.
  • Bender, Michelle, Rachel Bustamante and Kelsey Leonard. “Living in Relationship with the Ocean to Transform Governance in the UN Ocean Decade.” Plos Biology 20, no. 10 (2022): 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001828.
  • Blair, Harry. “Saving India’s Rivers: Ecology, Civil Society, Religion, and Legal Personhood.” World Development Sustainability 3, no. 1 (2023): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wds.2023.100068.
  • Blue Community. “Lake Titicaca Got Legal Rights.” May 5, 2025. https://bluecommunity.net/2025/05/05/lake-titicaca-got-legal-rights/.

Hukuk Kurallarıyla Doğanın “Hak Öznesi” Olarak Tanınması

Year 2025, Volume: 74 Issue: 4, 2075 - 2148, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.33629/auhfd.1768637

Abstract

İnsan dışındaki her şeyin insan için var olabileceği kabulünden hareket eden insan merkezli hak felsefesi, modern hukuk sistemlerinin temelinde yer almaktadır. Ancak doğanın ihtiyaçları göz ardı edilerek kurgulanmış olan bu sistem, evrenimizde giderek artan ve geri döndürülemez kayıpların önüne geçmekte yetersiz kalmaktadır. Buna karşı bir önlem olarak hukuki metinlerde doğanın da hak öznesi kabul edilip belirli mekanizmalarla korunması amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda 2008 yılında Ekvador, anayasasına doğa haklarını dahil eden dünyadaki ilk ülke olmuş, onu yasal düzenlemelerle farklı kıtalardan birçok devlet (Bolivya, Yeni Zelanda, Avustralya, Uganda, İspanya, Panama ve Kolombiya) takip etmiştir. Özellikle yerli halkların etkisiyle Amerika (ABD, Brezilya, Kanada, Kolombiya, Kosta Rika, Peru), Asya (Hindistan), Avrupa (Birleşik Krallık, İrlanda Cumhuriyeti, Hollanda, İspanya) ve Okyanusya (Avustralya) kıtalarından pek çok devlette yerel otoriteler tarafından doğa haklarının tanındığı hukuki metinler kabul edilmiştir. Çalışmada doğa haklarının farklı kademelerdeki normlarla tanındığı devletlerden örneklere değinilirken, ulusal ve uluslararası alanda bu konuda yaşanan gelişmeler ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.

References

  • Abram, David. The Spell of the Sensuous: Perception and Language in a More-ThanHuman World. Vintage Books, 1997.
  • Acosta, Alberto. “Toward the Universal Declaration of Rights of Nature: Thoughts for Action.” AFESE Journal 24, no. 4 (2010): 1-17.
  • Akyüz, Burcu. “…” Ekolojik Anayasa içinde, editör Mahmut Boynudelik, 40-46. Yeni İnsan Yayınevi, 2011.
  • Anderson, Gillian. “Rights of Nature Backing ‘Historic’ for Derry and Strabane.” Derry Journal, June 30, 2021. https://www.derryjournal.com/news/environment/rights-of-nature-backinghistoric-for-derry-and-strabane-3291707.
  • Anima Mundi Law Initiative. “Rights of Nature Case Study Mother Earth (Bolivia).” Accessed February 18, 2025. http://files.harmonywithnatureun.org/uploads/upload1131.pdf.
  • Anima Mundi Law Initiative. “Rights of Nature Case Study Nature (Uganda).” Accessed April 4, 2025. http://files.harmonywithnatureun.org/uploads/upload1140.pdf.
  • Armstrong, Kathryn. “New Zealand Mountain Gets Same Legal Rights as a Person.” BBC, January 31, 2025. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/czep8gg5lx4o.
  • Avelar, Idelber. “Non-Human Rights, Amazonian Ecocide and Davi Kopenawa’s Counter-Ethnography of Merchandise People.” In Non-Human Rights: Critical Perspectives, edited by Alexis Alvarez-Nakagawa and Costas Douzinas, 223-39. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2024.
  • Barragan, Guillermo Schumann. “Civil Litigation for Environmental Damages: Are the So-Called Rights of Nature an Alternative?” International Journal of Procedural Law 14, no. 1 (2024): 73-98. https://doi.org/10.1163/30504856- 14010004.
  • Bektaş, Oğuz Nasuh. “İklim Krizi: Kuzey Kutbu’ndaki Buzullar Aslında Erimiyor mu?” Teyit, 29 Şubat 2024. https://teyit.org/analiz/iklim-krizi-kuzeykutbundaki-buzullar-aslinda-erimiyor-mu.
  • Bender, Michelle, Rachel Bustamante and Kelsey Leonard. “Living in Relationship with the Ocean to Transform Governance in the UN Ocean Decade.” Plos Biology 20, no. 10 (2022): 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001828.
  • Blair, Harry. “Saving India’s Rivers: Ecology, Civil Society, Religion, and Legal Personhood.” World Development Sustainability 3, no. 1 (2023): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wds.2023.100068.
  • Blue Community. “Lake Titicaca Got Legal Rights.” May 5, 2025. https://bluecommunity.net/2025/05/05/lake-titicaca-got-legal-rights/.

Recognition of Nature as the “Subject of Rights” within Legal Frameworks

Year 2025, Volume: 74 Issue: 4, 2075 - 2148, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.33629/auhfd.1768637

Abstract

The anthropocentric philosophy of rights, which stems from the assumption that everything other than humans exists for the benefit of humankind, lies at the foundation of modern legal systems. However, this system, which was designed by ignoring the needs of nature, is insufficient to prevent the increasing and irreversible losses in our universe. As a countermeasure, legal texts have begun to recognize nature as a subject of rights and aim to protect it using specific mechanisms. In this context, Ecuador became the first country in the world to incorporate the rights of nature into its constitution in 2008, followed by various countries from different continents (Bolivia, New Zealand, Australia, Uganda, Spain, Panama and Colombia) through legislative regulations. Especially influenced by Indigenous peoples, legal texts recognizing the rights of nature have been adopted by local authorities in many countries across the Americas (USA, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Peru), Asia (India), Europe (United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, the Netherlands, Spain), and Oceania (Australia). This study aims to present the developments in this field at both national and international levels by providing examples from countries where the rights of nature are recognized through various levels of legal norms.

References

  • Abram, David. The Spell of the Sensuous: Perception and Language in a More-ThanHuman World. Vintage Books, 1997.
  • Acosta, Alberto. “Toward the Universal Declaration of Rights of Nature: Thoughts for Action.” AFESE Journal 24, no. 4 (2010): 1-17.
  • Akyüz, Burcu. “…” Ekolojik Anayasa içinde, editör Mahmut Boynudelik, 40-46. Yeni İnsan Yayınevi, 2011.
  • Anderson, Gillian. “Rights of Nature Backing ‘Historic’ for Derry and Strabane.” Derry Journal, June 30, 2021. https://www.derryjournal.com/news/environment/rights-of-nature-backinghistoric-for-derry-and-strabane-3291707.
  • Anima Mundi Law Initiative. “Rights of Nature Case Study Mother Earth (Bolivia).” Accessed February 18, 2025. http://files.harmonywithnatureun.org/uploads/upload1131.pdf.
  • Anima Mundi Law Initiative. “Rights of Nature Case Study Nature (Uganda).” Accessed April 4, 2025. http://files.harmonywithnatureun.org/uploads/upload1140.pdf.
  • Armstrong, Kathryn. “New Zealand Mountain Gets Same Legal Rights as a Person.” BBC, January 31, 2025. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/czep8gg5lx4o.
  • Avelar, Idelber. “Non-Human Rights, Amazonian Ecocide and Davi Kopenawa’s Counter-Ethnography of Merchandise People.” In Non-Human Rights: Critical Perspectives, edited by Alexis Alvarez-Nakagawa and Costas Douzinas, 223-39. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2024.
  • Barragan, Guillermo Schumann. “Civil Litigation for Environmental Damages: Are the So-Called Rights of Nature an Alternative?” International Journal of Procedural Law 14, no. 1 (2024): 73-98. https://doi.org/10.1163/30504856- 14010004.
  • Bektaş, Oğuz Nasuh. “İklim Krizi: Kuzey Kutbu’ndaki Buzullar Aslında Erimiyor mu?” Teyit, 29 Şubat 2024. https://teyit.org/analiz/iklim-krizi-kuzeykutbundaki-buzullar-aslinda-erimiyor-mu.
  • Bender, Michelle, Rachel Bustamante and Kelsey Leonard. “Living in Relationship with the Ocean to Transform Governance in the UN Ocean Decade.” Plos Biology 20, no. 10 (2022): 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001828.
  • Blair, Harry. “Saving India’s Rivers: Ecology, Civil Society, Religion, and Legal Personhood.” World Development Sustainability 3, no. 1 (2023): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wds.2023.100068.
  • Blue Community. “Lake Titicaca Got Legal Rights.” May 5, 2025. https://bluecommunity.net/2025/05/05/lake-titicaca-got-legal-rights/.
There are 13 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Law in Context (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gülden Çınarlı Özbilenler 0000-0003-3994-2313

Submission Date August 19, 2025
Acceptance Date November 17, 2025
Publication Date December 30, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 74 Issue: 4

Cite

Chicago Çınarlı Özbilenler, Gülden. 2025. “Hukuk Kurallarıyla Doğanın ‘Hak Öznesi’ Olarak Tanınması”. Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 74 (4): 2075-2148. https://doi.org/10.33629/auhfd.1768637.