Slavery, Servitude, Forced Labour and Compulsory Labour: A Comparative Analysis Within the Context of Turkish Constitution and the European Convention on Human Rights

Abstract

The concepts of slavery, servitude, forced labour and compulsory labour are among the least addressed topics with a constitutional law perspective. Although prohibited by law for a long time, contemporary forms of slavery, namely “modern slavery” and servitude, forced labour and compulsory labour concepts, unfortunately, continues to maintain its actuality. The Constitution of Republic of Turkey do not prohibits slavery and servitude explicitly, however, international legal order, which Turkey also is an integral part, unequivocally prohibits these two cases. Unlike slavery and servitude, forced labour and compulsory labour are explicitly prohibited by the Constitution. This article focuses on the how these concepts which aiming at protecting the human dignity and personal liberty are dealt with by the European Convention on Human Rights and interpreted by the European Court of Human Rights as well as whether adequate protection provided by the Turkish Constitution

Keywords

• Slavery
• Servitude
• Forced Labour
• Compulsory Labour
• Human trafficking

KÖLELİK, KULLUK, ZORLA ÇALIŞTIRMA VE ZORUNLU ÇALIŞMA YASAĞI: ANAYASA VE AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI SÖZLEŞMESİ BAĞLAMINDA KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZ

Abstract

Kölelik, kulluk, zorla çalıştırma ve zorunlu çalışma kavramları Türkiye’de anayasa hukuku perspektifinden en az çalışan konuların başında gelmektedir. Sayılan kavramlardan kölelik uzun bir süre önce hukuken yasaklanmasına rağmen “modern kölelik olarak adlandırılan çağdaş biçimleri ve kulluk, zorla çalıştırma ve zorunlu çalışma kavramları ne yazık ki güncelliğini korumaya devam etmektedir. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası’nda kölelik ve kulluk yasağı açıkça tanınmamakla birlikte Türkiye’nin de ayrılmaz bir parçası olduğu uluslararası hukuk düzeni bu iki olguyu tartışmasız bir biçimde yasaklamıştır. Kölelik ve kulluğun aksine zorla çalışma ve zorunlu çalıştırma ise Anayasa’da açıkça yasaklanmıştır. Bu makale, insan onurunu ve kişi özgürlüğünü korumayı amaçlayan bu kavramların Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi metninde nasıl düzenlendiği ve Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi içtihatlarında nasıl yorumlandığı ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası’nın anılan kavramlara yeterli korumayı sağlayıp sağlamadığı sorularına odaklanmaktadır

Keywords

• Kölelik
• kulluk
• zorla çalıştırma
• zorunlu çalışma
• insan ticareti

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