Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesinin 35 § 3 (b) maddesinde yer alan yeni kabul edilebilirlik ölçütü: ‘önemli zarar’

Abstract

Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesinin iş yükünün giderek artması karşısında Yüksek Sözleşmeci Taraflar tarafından iş yükünü azaltma amacıyla yeni bir kabuledilebilirlik kriteri uygulamaya konulmuştur. Yeni kriter yoğunlaşabilmesine yardım edebilecek ek bir araç sağlamaktadır. Bir başka deyişle bu kriter Mahkemeye, ‘yargıçların önemsiz davalara bakmamaları ilkesi’ gereğince, ‘önemsiz’ gördüğü davaları reddetme imkanı vermektedir. gereken bir terimdir. Bu terim Mahkemeye mevcut kabuledilebilirlik kriterlerinin sağladığı esnekliğe bir ölçüde ek esneklik sağlamaktadır. Yeni kriter, salt hukuki açıdan bir hakkın ihlali ne denli gerçek olursa olsun, uluslar arası bir Mahkeme tarafından incelenmeyi gerektirecek asgari bir ağırlık düzeyine ulaşmış olması gerektiği düşüncesine dayanmaktadır. Bu makalede yeni kriterin anlamının aydınlatılması ve Mahkemenin kriteri yorumlamada kullandığı yaklaşımının açıklığa kavuşturulması amaçlanmıştır

Keywords

• Önemli zarar, insan haklarına saygı ilkesi, ulusal mahkemelerce davanın gereğince görülmesi, de minimis non curat praetor (yargıç önemsiz konularla uğraşmaz), asgari ağırlık eşiği, 14. Protokol

The New Admissibility Criterion Stated in the Article 35 § 3 (b) of the European Convention of Human Rights: ‘Significant Disadvantage’

Abstract

The new admissibility criterion was entered into force by the High Contracting Parties for the purpose in view of the ever-increasing caseload of the European Court of Human Rights. It provides the Court with an additional tool which should assist it in concentrating on cases which warrant an examination on the merits. In other words, it enables the Court to reject cases considered as ‘unmeritorious’ pursuant to ‘the principle whereby judges should not deal with such cases’. Article 35 § 3 (b) of the Convention is composed of three distinct elements. Firstly, the admissibility criterion itself: the Court may declare inadmissible any individual application where the applicant has suffered no significant disadvantage. Next come two safeguard clauses. Firstly, the Court may not declare such an application inadmissible where respect for human rights requires an examination of the application on the merits. Secondly, no case may be rejected under this new criterion which has not been duly considered by a domestic authority. ‘Significant disadvantage’ is a term which is capable of, and requires, interpretation establishing objective criteria through the gradual development of the case-law of the Court. This term gives the Court some degree of flexibility, in addition to that already provided by the existing admissibility criteria. The new criterion hinges on the idea that a violation of a right, however real from a purely legal point of view, should attain a minimum level of severity to warrant consideration by an international Court. In this article we aimed at to clarify the meaning of the new criteria and to explain the interpretation approach of the new criteria of the Court

Keywords

• Significant disadvantage, the principle of respect for human rights, duly considered by a domestic tribunal, de minimis non curat praetor (the praetor does not concern himself with trifles), minimum level of severity,14thProtocol

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