Birleşik Krallık idare hukukunda ultra vires

Abstract

Dicey’nin Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution adlı eserinin yayınlanmasından beri, Birleşik Krallık’ta idarenin yargısal denetiminin anayasal temelinin parlamento egemenliği ilkesi ve ultra vires olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Yazar tarafından sistematik hâle getirilmiş geleneksel ultra vires doktrini çerçevesinde mahkemelerin görevi idarenin yasa koyucu tarafından verilmiş yetkileri aşıp aşmadığını denetlemektir. Bununla birlikte, Birleşik Krallık idare hukukunu geliştiren ilkelerin gerçekte Parlamento tarafından değil mahkemeler tarafından geliştirildiği bilinmektedir. Mahkemeler bunu çoğu zaman ultra viresin kapsamını genişleterek, bazen de onu aşarak yapmaktadırlar. Dokrinde bazı yazarlar bu gelişmeyi uyarlanmış ultra vires, bazılarıysa common law yaklaşımıyla açıklamaya çalışmaktadırlar. Bu makalede, özellikle Birleşik Krallık idare hukukunun gelişiminde önemli bir etkisi olan mahkeme kararları incelenmektedir. Makalede, geleneksel ve uyarlanmış ultra vires yaklaşımları yanında common law yaklaşımı da açıklanmakta ve Birleşik Krallık’ta bugün var olan gelişmiş idare hukuku sisteminin diğer ülkeler açısından da örnek teşkil edebilecek bir noktaya ulaştığı sonucuna varılmaktadır

Keywords

• İdari yargı, idare hukuku, takdir yetkisi, ultra vires (yetki aşımı), parlamento egemenliği, geleneksel ultra vires yaklaşımı, uyarlanmış ultra vires yaklaşımı, common law yaklaşımı, yokluk

Ultra Vires in the Administrative Law of the United Kingdom

Abstract

Since Dicey’s Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution, it is accepted that the principle of parliamentary sovereignty and ultra vires are the basis of judicial review in the United Kingdom. According to these principles, the main role of the courts during judicial review is to police the boundaries stipulated by the Parliament. So one can expect that the main principles of judicial review can be found in the primary legislation. But it is known that especially since 1960s, the basic principles of administrative law and judicial review are not created by the the Parliament. In reality, they are creations of the courts. The courts usually create these principles by enlarging the ultra vires doctrine but whenever needed, they do not hesitate even to go beyond it. Some writers try to explain this development by modifying the ultra vires doctrine. But according to others, even the modified ultra vires doctrine is not able to explain this development and it is the time to accept that the basis of judicial review is common law in reality. This article mainly focuses on the decisions of the courts which made it possible to talk about a developed administrative law system in the United Kingdom. The traditional and modified ultra vires and common law doctrines are explained and it is argued that the developed administrative law system of the United Kingdom is now a serious example for the courts in other countries

Keywords

• Judicial review, administrative law, discretionary powers, ultra vires, parliamentary sovereignty, traditional ultra vires doctrine, modified ultra vires doctrine, common law doctrine, nullity

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