Avrupa Birliği Çevre Ceza Hukuku

Abstract

Avrupa Birliği’nde son birkaç on yıldır çevre suçları giderek artan bir biçimde Üye Ülkelerin sınırlarını aşmaktadır. Çevrenin korunması ile ilgili mevzuata tam uyum sağlanması için mevcut ceza sistemlerinin yeterli olmadığı ve ceza hukuku yaptırımlarının gerekli olduğu bu süreçte gözlemlenmiştir. Böylece, Avrupa çevre ceza hukuku son birkaç on yılda hem AB hem de Üye Ülkeler düzeyinde önemli bir gelişme göstermiştir. Bu çalışmada, AB Çevre ceza hukukunun en önemli hukuki enstrümanlarından olan 2008/99/EC sayılı Yönerge’nin çevrenin ceza hukuku vasıtasıyla korunmasında önemli bir araç olmasına karşın, idari bağımlılığı ve suçlar ve yaptırımları bakımından otonom ve bağımsız bir yaklaşım sergilememesi dolayısıyla eleştiriye açık olduğu vurgulanmaktadır.

Keywords

• Çevre Ceza Hukuku
• Avrupa Birliği
• Çevrenin Korunması
• Kirleten Öder İlkesi
• Tüzel Kişilerin Çevre Suçlarından Sorumluluğu

ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMINAL LAW IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

Abstract

Over the past decades, environmental offences have increasingly extended beyond the borders of the Member States. It has been observed that the existing systems of penalties have not been sufficient, and the availability of criminal penalties was required, to achieve complete compliance with the laws for the protection of the environment. As a result, the European environmental criminal law has gone through a remarkable development over the past decades at both EU and Member State levels. This paper suggests that, although the Directive 2008/99/EC, which is the main legal instrument of the EU environmental criminal law, was an important step forward in the protection of environment through criminal law, it may be criticised for its administrative dependence and lack of autonomous or independent approach both in terms of offences and their sanctions.

Keywords

• Environmental Criminal Law
• European Union
• Protection of Environment
• Polluter-Pays Principle
• Liability of Legal Persons for Environmental Offences

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