Book Review

Ḥārit̲h̲ al-Muḥāsibī. Kitāb al-shubuhāt aw Dawāʾ dāʾ al-qulūb. Ed. Bilal Orfali and Ridwan al-Sayyid. Beirut: American University of Beirut Press, 2026. 551 p. ISBN: 978-614-492-025-1

Volume: 67 Number: 1 May 31, 2026
TR EN

Ḥārit̲h̲ al-Muḥāsibī. Kitāb al-shubuhāt aw Dawāʾ dāʾ al-qulūb. Ed. Bilal Orfali and Ridwan al-Sayyid. Beirut: American University of Beirut Press, 2026. 551 p. ISBN: 978-614-492-025-1

Abstract

Having discovered a majmūʿah at the Library of the Syrian Society during his travels to Beirut in 1854, Aloys Sprenger announced in a letter to the JASB that he had discovered the earliest work in the history of Taṣawwuf. Immediately upon his return, he published an article in this journal under the title “Notice on the دواء داء القلوب of Mohásaby Being the Earliest Work on Sufism as Yet Discovered, and on an Arabic Translation of a Work Ascribed to Enoch.” In this article, he claimed that the majmūʿah contained two distinct texts named Dawāʾ and al-Shubuhāt, suggesting that they might constitute a single work and that their author was Ḥārit̲h̲ al-Muḥāsibī (d. 243/857). Containing English translations of certain passages from the Dawāʾ and brief information regarding the content of al-Shubuhāt, this article has retained its status as the sole source for researchers concerning these two works until the present day. The reason for this is that after Sprenger, no one was able to access these two works again. This is because the Syrian Society he cited ceased operations, and the manuscripts contained therein were transferred to the library of another institution. Researchers specializing in al-Muḥāsibī, such as Louis Massignon, Margaret Smith, Josef van Ess, and Gavin Picken, were compelled to rely on conjectures regarding the work based on Sprenger’s article, as they were unable to locate this majmūʿah. Aḥmad b. ʿĀṣim al-Anṭākī’s (d. between 220/835 and 239/853) work titled Dawāʾ dāʾ al-qulūb, contained in this majmūʿah long presumed lost, was published by me on November 14, 2025, demonstrating with evidence that the Dawāʾ belongs to al-Anṭākī, while al-Shubuhāt is the work of al-Muḥāsibī. Several months subsequent to my publication, however, Bilal Orfali and Ridwan al-Sayyid released these texts, positing Dawāʾ and al-Shubuhāt as a single work authored by al-Muḥāsibī. At this juncture, scholars of Taṣawwuf are confronted with two distinct studies presenting contradictory claims regarding the authorship of these works, thereby creating confusion within the literature. Consequently, we have penned this book review with the aim of resolving the ensuing confusion and articulating our critiques regarding the new edition by Orfali and al-Sayyid. Where their edition and our study converge is on the attribution of al-Shubuhāt to al-Muḥāsibī. In our edition, a separate section was dedicated to this subject, demonstrating with evidence that al-Shubuhāt belongs to al-Muḥāsibī. Their work, however, diverges from our study in that it treats Dawāʾ dāʾ al-qulūb as a part of Kitāb al-shubuhāt and, as a natural consequence of this assumption, attributes the Dawāʾ to al-Muḥāsibī. In other words, our study presents evidence regarding the attribution of the Dawāʾ to al-Anṭākī and al-Shubuhāt to al-Muḥāsibī and includes the edition of the Dawāʾ alone. Conversely, Orfali and al-Sayyid treated Dawāʾ and al-Shubuhāt as a single work, publishing both texts together and attributing them to al-Muḥāsibī. Due to the short interval between the publication dates of the two studies, it is probable that Orfali and al-Sayyid were unaware of our work and the evidence we presented. Alternatively, even if they were aware, they may not have had the opportunity to revise their views as their work was already in press. However, we must express our hope that as time progresses, they will revise their work in new editions, and that the researchers will publish the two works as separate entities, attributing the Dawāʾ to al-Anṭākī alone.

Keywords

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Sufism

Journal Section

Book Review

Publication Date

May 31, 2026

Submission Date

April 13, 2026

Acceptance Date

May 13, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 67 Number: 1

APA
Aydemir, H. (2026). Ḥārit̲h̲ al-Muḥāsibī. Kitāb al-shubuhāt aw Dawāʾ dāʾ al-qulūb. Ed. Bilal Orfali and Ridwan al-Sayyid. Beirut: American University of Beirut Press, 2026. 551 p. ISBN: 978-614-492-025-1. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 67(1), 477-486. https://izlik.org/JA63ZJ54PF
AMA
1.Aydemir H. Ḥārit̲h̲ al-Muḥāsibī. Kitāb al-shubuhāt aw Dawāʾ dāʾ al-qulūb. Ed. Bilal Orfali and Ridwan al-Sayyid. Beirut: American University of Beirut Press, 2026. 551 p. ISBN: 978-614-492-025-1. AUIFD. 2026;67(1):477-486. https://izlik.org/JA63ZJ54PF
Chicago
Aydemir, Hasan. 2026. “Ḥārit̲h̲ Al-Muḥāsibī. Kitāb Al-Shubuhāt Aw Dawāʾ Dāʾ Al-Qulūb. Ed. Bilal Orfali and Ridwan Al-Sayyid. Beirut: American University of Beirut Press, 2026. 551 P. ISBN: 978-614-492-025-1”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 67 (1): 477-86. https://izlik.org/JA63ZJ54PF.
EndNote
Aydemir H (May 1, 2026) Ḥārit̲h̲ al-Muḥāsibī. Kitāb al-shubuhāt aw Dawāʾ dāʾ al-qulūb. Ed. Bilal Orfali and Ridwan al-Sayyid. Beirut: American University of Beirut Press, 2026. 551 p. ISBN: 978-614-492-025-1. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 67 1 477–486.
IEEE
[1]H. Aydemir, “Ḥārit̲h̲ al-Muḥāsibī. Kitāb al-shubuhāt aw Dawāʾ dāʾ al-qulūb. Ed. Bilal Orfali and Ridwan al-Sayyid. Beirut: American University of Beirut Press, 2026. 551 p. ISBN: 978-614-492-025-1”, AUIFD, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 477–486, May 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA63ZJ54PF
ISNAD
Aydemir, Hasan. “Ḥārit̲h̲ Al-Muḥāsibī. Kitāb Al-Shubuhāt Aw Dawāʾ Dāʾ Al-Qulūb. Ed. Bilal Orfali and Ridwan Al-Sayyid. Beirut: American University of Beirut Press, 2026. 551 P. ISBN: 978-614-492-025-1”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 67/1 (May 1, 2026): 477-486. https://izlik.org/JA63ZJ54PF.
JAMA
1.Aydemir H. Ḥārit̲h̲ al-Muḥāsibī. Kitāb al-shubuhāt aw Dawāʾ dāʾ al-qulūb. Ed. Bilal Orfali and Ridwan al-Sayyid. Beirut: American University of Beirut Press, 2026. 551 p. ISBN: 978-614-492-025-1. AUIFD. 2026;67:477–486.
MLA
Aydemir, Hasan. “Ḥārit̲h̲ Al-Muḥāsibī. Kitāb Al-Shubuhāt Aw Dawāʾ Dāʾ Al-Qulūb. Ed. Bilal Orfali and Ridwan Al-Sayyid. Beirut: American University of Beirut Press, 2026. 551 P. ISBN: 978-614-492-025-1”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 67, no. 1, May 2026, pp. 477-86, https://izlik.org/JA63ZJ54PF.
Vancouver
1.Hasan Aydemir. Ḥārit̲h̲ al-Muḥāsibī. Kitāb al-shubuhāt aw Dawāʾ dāʾ al-qulūb. Ed. Bilal Orfali and Ridwan al-Sayyid. Beirut: American University of Beirut Press, 2026. 551 p. ISBN: 978-614-492-025-1. AUIFD [Internet]. 2026 May 1;67(1):477-86. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA63ZJ54PF