William Tyndale’in Papalık Eleştirisi ve Anglikan Teo-Politiğine Etkisi

Year 2025, Volume: 66 Issue: 2, 1251 - 1274, 30.11.2025

İbrahim Korhan

https://doi.org/10.33227/auifd.1721059

Abstract

Bu çalışma İngiliz Reformasyon hareketinin öncü isimlerinden biri olan William Tyndale’in (ö. 1536) Papalık eleştirisini ve bunun Anglikan Kilise geleneği üzerindeki etkilerini ele almaktadır. Tyndale, reform hareketinin ilke ve prensiplerinin dönemin İngiltere coğrafyasına yayılmasına katkıda bulunan isimlerin başında gelmektedir. Martin Luther’in (ö. 1546) Kutsal Kitap, iman ve inananların ruhsal özgürlüğüne dayanan teolojik prensiplerini rehber edinen Tyndale, Kutsal Kitabı Katolik Kilise geleneği ve hiyerarşisinin üzerinde nihai otorite olarak konumlandırmıştır. O, bütün inananların bu metinleri kendi anadillerinde okuyabilmesini savunmuş ve bu düşüncenin gerçekleşmesi için İngilizceye tercüme etmiştir. Tyndale’in metni basılı ilk İngilizce Kutsal Kitap tercümesi olması bakımından önemlidir. Nitekim kendisinin “İngilizce Kutsal Kitabın babası” şeklinde nitelenmesi bu önemi ortaya koymaktadır. O, tercüme çalışmalarının yanında kendisinin teolojik ve politik anlayışını yansıtan çeşitli eserler de kaleme almıştır. Eserlerinde Papalığın dinî ve siyasi alanda yürüttüğü faaliyetlerin Kilise’nin yozlaşmasına yol açtığını öne sürmüş, buna karşın erken dönem Hıristiyanlığın Kutsal Kitaba dayanan saf din anlayışına dönmeyi önermiştir. Tyndale’in söz konusu fikirleri İngiliz reform hareketinin gidişatını derinden etkilemiştir. Çalışmada, Tyndale’in teolojik ve politik fikirlerinin, bağımsız Anglikan Kilisesi düşüncesinin oluşumunda merkezi bir öneme sahip unsurları içerdiği ortaya konmaktadır. Ayrıca Tyndale’in çalışmalarında Papalık kurumuna yönelttiği eleştirilerden hareketle, Anglikan Kilisesi’nin kuruluşuna yol açan zihnî, entelektüel ve kuramsal arka planı ortaya koymak da çalışmanın hedefleri arasındadır. Çalışmada analitik değerlendirme yöntemiyle metinler üzerinde derinleşerek Tyndale’in konu hakkındaki görüşleri ortaya konmuştur. Bu bağlamda temel kaynaklar olarak Tyndale’in Kilise’ye ve bünyesindeki din adamlarına dönük eleştirilerini kaleme aldığı eserlerinin yanında konuyla ilgili yapılmış modern çalışmalar analiz edilmiştir.

Keywords

Dinler Tarihi , William Tyndale , Papalık , Anglikan Kilisesi , Otorite , Reform , Politik-Teoloji.

William Tyndale’s Critique of the Papacy and Its Influence on Anglican Theopolitics Abstract

Abstract

leading figures of the English Reformation, and its impact on the Anglican Church tradition. Tyndale was one of the foremost figures who contributed to the spread of the principles and tenets of the Reformation throughout England at that time. Guided by Martin Luther’s (d. 1546) theological principles based on the Bible, faith, and the spiritual freedom of believers, Tyndale positioned the Bible as the ultimate authority above the tradition and hierarchy of the Catholic Church. He advocated that all believers should be able to read these texts in their own native languages and translated them into English to realise this idea. Tyndale’s text is significant in that it was the first printed English translation of the Bible. Indeed, his description as the ‘father of the English Bible’ highlights this importance. In addition to his translation work, he also wrote various works reflecting his theological and political views. In his works, he argued that the activities of the Papacy in the religious and political spheres led to the corruption of the Church, and in contrast, he proposed a return to the pure understanding of religion based on the Holy Bible in early Christianity. Tyndale’s ideas had a profound impact on the course of the English Reformation. The study demonstrates that Tyndale's theological and political ideas contained elements of central importance in the formation of the independent Anglican Church’s thought. Another objective of the study is to reveal the mental, intellectual and theoretical background that led to the establishment of the Anglican Church, based on Tyndale’s criticisms of the Papacy in his works. The study uses analytical evaluation methods to delve deeply into the texts and reveal Tyndale’s views on the subject. In this context, Tyndale’s works criticising the Church and its clergy are used as primary sources, alongside modern studies on the subject.

Keywords

History of Religions , William Tyndale , Papacy , Anglican Church , Authority , Reform , Political-Theology.

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