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Managerial Revolution, Political Realism, and Ideology: The Political Theory of James Burnham

Year 2026, Issue: Advanced Online Publication , 14 - 28
https://doi.org/10.25294/auiibfd.1674475
https://izlik.org/JA78NZ66ED

Abstract

This article examines the political ideas of American political scientist and thinker James Burnham. The study builds upon Burnham's three most notable works; The Managerial Revolution (1941), The Machiavellians (1943) and The Suicide of the West (1964). According to Burnham's idea of managerial revolution, bourgeois capitalism is being eliminated. The ruling class of the bourgeoisie will be replaced by the managerial elite and capitalism will be replaced by managerialism. Burnham traces this revolution through the “separation of ownership and control”. Burnham was still under the influence of historical materialism and dialectical method when he put forward his theory of managerial revolution. With his 1943 book The Machiavellians, he adopted the realist understanding of politics found in Machiavelli and Italian elite theory and integrated this realist epistemology into the managerial revolution. This approach provides a more satisfactory theory by explaining the administrative revolution through historical and sociological analysis by focusing on elites rather than historical paradigm shifts. In The Suicide of the West, Burnham analyzes the ideology of modern liberalism with a Paretian approach. Burnham argues that modern liberalism, the ideology of the new managerial class, is the ideology that will accompany the West while it contracts and disappears. This study, which offers a comprehensive and holistic examination of James Burnham's political theory, discovers many insights in his thought that will shed light on our era, both in terms of the methods he uses and the conclusions he draws

References

  • Akkaş, H. H. (2004). Muhafazakar düşünce ve Edmund Burke. Kadim Yayınları.
  • Baumann, A. A. (1929). Burke: The founder of conservatism. Eyre & Spottiswoode.
  • Bell, D. (1973). The coming of post-industrial society: A Venture in Social Forecasting. Basic Books.
  • Berle, A. A. ve Means, G. C. (1932). The modern corporation and private property. Journal of Political Economy 40, 393-414.
  • Bobbio, N. (1972). On Mosca and Pareto. Librairie Droz.
  • Brennan, J. (2020). Max Weber on power and social stratification: An interpretation and critique. Routledge.
  • Broad, C. D. (1913). Lord Hugh Cecil’s conservatism. International Journal of Ethics, 23(4), 396-418.
  • Burnham, J. (1941). The managerial revolution. John Day.
  • Burnham, J. (1943). The machiavellians: Defenders of freedom. John Day Company.
  • Burnham, J. (1964). Suicide of the West: An essay on the meaning and destiny of liberalism. The John Day Company.
  • Cecil, H. (1912). Conservatism. Williams & Norgate.
  • Chandler, A. D. (1977). The visible hand: The managerial revolution in American business. Harvard University Press.
  • Crozier, M. (2007). The new leviathan: The dynamics and limits of technocracy. The European Legacy 12(7), 779-794. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00993531.
  • Didin, D. B. (2024). Kazandırıcı zamanaşımı: Felsefi ve ekonomik bir değerlendirme. Kadir Has Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 12 (1), 23-38. https://doi.org/10.33432/ybuhukuk.1575128.
  • Didin, D. B. (2025). Doğa bilimlerinin hukuk felsefesine etkisi: Modern ve postmodern paradigma ekseninde bir değerlendirme (3. baskı) Adalet Yayınevi.
  • Didin, E. (2025). Muhafazakarlığın kurucu triosu Edmund Burke, Joseph De Maistre ve Louis De Bonald üzerine: Siyaset felsefesi ve egemenlik kuramı ekseninde bir değerlendirme. [Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi].
  • Didin, Ö. (2025). Multi-level governance or managerial dominance? A new perspective on EU governance in the post-Maastricht era. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 70, 303-316. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1595391.
  • Djilas, M. (1957). The new class: An analysis of the communist system. Praeger.
  • Duman, F. (2010). Edmund Burke’te muhafazakârlığın liberal temelleri: Rasyonalizm, sosyal teori ve siyaset. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi 58, 95-123.
  • Finocchiaro, M. A. (1999). Beyond Right and Left: Democratic elitism in Mosca and Gramsci. Yale University Press.
  • Francis, T. (1984). Power and history: The political thought of James Burnham. University Press of America.
  • Francis, T. (2016). Leviathan and its enemies. Radix.
  • Galbraith, J. K. (1967). The new industrial state. Houghton Mifflin.
  • Gerth, H. H. ve Mills, C. W. (1942). A Marx for the managers. Ethics 52(2), 200-215. http://doi.org/10.1007/10.1086/290274
  • Gottfried, P. E. (1993). The conservative movement. Twayne Publishers.
  • Gottfried, P. E. (1999). After liberalism: Mass democracy in the managerial state. Princeton University Press.
  • Gottfried, P. E. (2002). Multiculturalism and the politics of guilt: Toward a secular theocracy. University of Missouri Press.
  • Gottfried, P. E. (2011). Leo Strauss and the conservative movement in America. Cambridge University Press.
  • Kimball, R. (2002). The power of James Burnham. The New Criterion 21, 4-11.
  • Machiavelli, N. (2014). Hükümdar. (Ö. M. Çev.). İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • Macintyre, A. (2024). The total state: How liberal democracies become tyrannies. Regnery Publishing.
  • Michels, R. (1999). Political parties: A sociological study of the oligarchical tendencies of modern democracy. Routledge.
  • Mills, C. W. (2000). The power elite. Oxford University Press.
  • Montesquieu. (2017). Kanunların ruhu üzerine. (B.G. Çev.). Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • Mosca, G. (1939). The ruling class. McGraw Hill.
  • Nash, G. H. (1976). The conservative intellectual movement in America since 1945. Basic Books.
  • O’Neil, D. J. (1994). The political philosophy of James Burnham. International Journal of Social Economics 21(2/3/4), 141-152. https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299410145648.
  • Oakeshott, M. (2004). Muhafazakâr olmak üzerine. (İ.S. Çev.). Muhafazakar Düşünce Dergisi 1, 55-78.
  • Orwell, G. (1946). Second thoughts on James Burnham. Polemic 3, 13-33.
  • Pareto, V. (1935). The mind and society. A Treatise on General Sociology. Dower.
  • Parvini, N. (2022). The populist delusion. Imperium Press.
  • Radaelli, C. M. (1999). Technocracy in the European Union. Routledge.
  • Sorel, G. (1999). Reflections on violence. George Allen & Unwin.
  • Sowell, T. (2007). A conflict of visions: Ideological origins of political struggles. Basic Books.
  • Sowell, T. (2015). Intellectuals and society: Revised and enlarged edition. Basic Books.
  • Spitz, D. (1981). Patterns of anti-democratic thought: An analysis and a criticism, with special reference to the American political mind in recent times. Praeger.
  • Trotsky, L. (1940). In defense of Marxism (against the petty-bourgeois opposition). Pioneer Publishers.
  • Veblen, T. (1921). The engineers and the price system. B.W. Huebsch.
  • Vural, M. (2011). Siyaset felsefesi açısından muhafazakârlık. Elis Yayınları.
  • Waters, T. ve Waters, D. (2015). Weber’s rationalism and modern society: New translations on politics, bureaucracy, and social stratification. Palgrave Macmillan.

Yönetsel Devrim, Siyasal Realizm ve İdeoloji: James Burnham'ın Siyaset Kuramı

Year 2026, Issue: Advanced Online Publication , 14 - 28
https://doi.org/10.25294/auiibfd.1674475
https://izlik.org/JA78NZ66ED

Abstract

Bu makale, Amerikalı siyaset bilimci ve düşünür James Burnham’ın siyasi fikirlerini incelemektedir. Çalışma Burnham’ın en önemli üç çalışması olan Yönetsel Devrim (1941), Makyavelciler (1943) ve Batı’nın İntiharı (1964) çalışmalarını esas almaktadır. Burnham’ın yönetsel devrim fikrine göre burjuva kapitalizmi tasfiye olmaktadır. Egemen sınıf olarak burjuvanın yerini yönetsel elit, kapitalizmin yerini ise yönetselcilik alacaktır. Burnham bu devrimi “sahiplik ve kontrol ayrımı” üzerinden izlemektedir. Burnham yönetsel devrim kuramını ortaya attığında halen tarihsel materyalizm ve diyalektik metodun etkisi altındaydı. 1943 yılında yayımlanan Makyavelciler ile Machiavelli ve İtalyan seçkinler kuramındaki realist siyaset anlayışını benimsemiş ve bu realist epistemolojiyi yönetsel devrime entegre etmiştir. Bu yaklaşımda yönetsel devrim tarihsel paradigma değişimlerinden ziyade seçkinlere yoğunlaşan tarihsel ve sosyolojik analiz ile açıklanarak daha doyurucu bir teori ortaya koyulmaktadır. Batı’nın İntiharı’nda Burnham, Paretocu yaklaşımla modern liberalizm ideolojisinin analizini gerçekleştirmektedir. Burnham’ın görüşüne göre, yeni yönetsel sınıfın ideolojisi olan modern liberalizm, Batı’nın daralmasına ve yok olmasına eşlik edecek olan ideolojidir. James Burnham’ın siyaset teorisinin kapsamlı ve bütüncül bir irdelemesini sunan bu çalışma onun düşüncesinde hem kullandığı metotlarla hem de vardığı sonuçlarda çağımıza ışık tutacak birçok içgörü bulmaktadır.

References

  • Akkaş, H. H. (2004). Muhafazakar düşünce ve Edmund Burke. Kadim Yayınları.
  • Baumann, A. A. (1929). Burke: The founder of conservatism. Eyre & Spottiswoode.
  • Bell, D. (1973). The coming of post-industrial society: A Venture in Social Forecasting. Basic Books.
  • Berle, A. A. ve Means, G. C. (1932). The modern corporation and private property. Journal of Political Economy 40, 393-414.
  • Bobbio, N. (1972). On Mosca and Pareto. Librairie Droz.
  • Brennan, J. (2020). Max Weber on power and social stratification: An interpretation and critique. Routledge.
  • Broad, C. D. (1913). Lord Hugh Cecil’s conservatism. International Journal of Ethics, 23(4), 396-418.
  • Burnham, J. (1941). The managerial revolution. John Day.
  • Burnham, J. (1943). The machiavellians: Defenders of freedom. John Day Company.
  • Burnham, J. (1964). Suicide of the West: An essay on the meaning and destiny of liberalism. The John Day Company.
  • Cecil, H. (1912). Conservatism. Williams & Norgate.
  • Chandler, A. D. (1977). The visible hand: The managerial revolution in American business. Harvard University Press.
  • Crozier, M. (2007). The new leviathan: The dynamics and limits of technocracy. The European Legacy 12(7), 779-794. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00993531.
  • Didin, D. B. (2024). Kazandırıcı zamanaşımı: Felsefi ve ekonomik bir değerlendirme. Kadir Has Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 12 (1), 23-38. https://doi.org/10.33432/ybuhukuk.1575128.
  • Didin, D. B. (2025). Doğa bilimlerinin hukuk felsefesine etkisi: Modern ve postmodern paradigma ekseninde bir değerlendirme (3. baskı) Adalet Yayınevi.
  • Didin, E. (2025). Muhafazakarlığın kurucu triosu Edmund Burke, Joseph De Maistre ve Louis De Bonald üzerine: Siyaset felsefesi ve egemenlik kuramı ekseninde bir değerlendirme. [Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi].
  • Didin, Ö. (2025). Multi-level governance or managerial dominance? A new perspective on EU governance in the post-Maastricht era. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 70, 303-316. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1595391.
  • Djilas, M. (1957). The new class: An analysis of the communist system. Praeger.
  • Duman, F. (2010). Edmund Burke’te muhafazakârlığın liberal temelleri: Rasyonalizm, sosyal teori ve siyaset. Liberal Düşünce Dergisi 58, 95-123.
  • Finocchiaro, M. A. (1999). Beyond Right and Left: Democratic elitism in Mosca and Gramsci. Yale University Press.
  • Francis, T. (1984). Power and history: The political thought of James Burnham. University Press of America.
  • Francis, T. (2016). Leviathan and its enemies. Radix.
  • Galbraith, J. K. (1967). The new industrial state. Houghton Mifflin.
  • Gerth, H. H. ve Mills, C. W. (1942). A Marx for the managers. Ethics 52(2), 200-215. http://doi.org/10.1007/10.1086/290274
  • Gottfried, P. E. (1993). The conservative movement. Twayne Publishers.
  • Gottfried, P. E. (1999). After liberalism: Mass democracy in the managerial state. Princeton University Press.
  • Gottfried, P. E. (2002). Multiculturalism and the politics of guilt: Toward a secular theocracy. University of Missouri Press.
  • Gottfried, P. E. (2011). Leo Strauss and the conservative movement in America. Cambridge University Press.
  • Kimball, R. (2002). The power of James Burnham. The New Criterion 21, 4-11.
  • Machiavelli, N. (2014). Hükümdar. (Ö. M. Çev.). İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • Macintyre, A. (2024). The total state: How liberal democracies become tyrannies. Regnery Publishing.
  • Michels, R. (1999). Political parties: A sociological study of the oligarchical tendencies of modern democracy. Routledge.
  • Mills, C. W. (2000). The power elite. Oxford University Press.
  • Montesquieu. (2017). Kanunların ruhu üzerine. (B.G. Çev.). Türkiye İş Bankası Yayınları.
  • Mosca, G. (1939). The ruling class. McGraw Hill.
  • Nash, G. H. (1976). The conservative intellectual movement in America since 1945. Basic Books.
  • O’Neil, D. J. (1994). The political philosophy of James Burnham. International Journal of Social Economics 21(2/3/4), 141-152. https://doi.org/10.1108/03068299410145648.
  • Oakeshott, M. (2004). Muhafazakâr olmak üzerine. (İ.S. Çev.). Muhafazakar Düşünce Dergisi 1, 55-78.
  • Orwell, G. (1946). Second thoughts on James Burnham. Polemic 3, 13-33.
  • Pareto, V. (1935). The mind and society. A Treatise on General Sociology. Dower.
  • Parvini, N. (2022). The populist delusion. Imperium Press.
  • Radaelli, C. M. (1999). Technocracy in the European Union. Routledge.
  • Sorel, G. (1999). Reflections on violence. George Allen & Unwin.
  • Sowell, T. (2007). A conflict of visions: Ideological origins of political struggles. Basic Books.
  • Sowell, T. (2015). Intellectuals and society: Revised and enlarged edition. Basic Books.
  • Spitz, D. (1981). Patterns of anti-democratic thought: An analysis and a criticism, with special reference to the American political mind in recent times. Praeger.
  • Trotsky, L. (1940). In defense of Marxism (against the petty-bourgeois opposition). Pioneer Publishers.
  • Veblen, T. (1921). The engineers and the price system. B.W. Huebsch.
  • Vural, M. (2011). Siyaset felsefesi açısından muhafazakârlık. Elis Yayınları.
  • Waters, T. ve Waters, D. (2015). Weber’s rationalism and modern society: New translations on politics, bureaucracy, and social stratification. Palgrave Macmillan.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Policy and Administration (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ömer Didin 0009-0005-1092-1959

Emre Didin 0000-0001-7457-9922

Submission Date April 11, 2025
Acceptance Date September 12, 2025
Early Pub Date October 27, 2025
DOI https://doi.org/10.25294/auiibfd.1674475
IZ https://izlik.org/JA78NZ66ED
Published in Issue Year 2026 Issue: Advanced Online Publication

Cite

APA Didin, Ö., & Didin, E. (2025). Yönetsel Devrim, Siyasal Realizm ve İdeoloji: James Burnham’ın Siyaset Kuramı. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, Advanced Online Publication, 14-28. https://doi.org/10.25294/auiibfd.1674475
AMA 1.Didin Ö, Didin E. Yönetsel Devrim, Siyasal Realizm ve İdeoloji: James Burnham’ın Siyaset Kuramı. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi. 2025;(Advanced Online Publication):14-28. doi:10.25294/auiibfd.1674475
Chicago Didin, Ömer, and Emre Didin. 2025. “Yönetsel Devrim, Siyasal Realizm Ve İdeoloji: James Burnham’ın Siyaset Kuramı”. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, no. Advanced Online Publication: 14-28. https://doi.org/10.25294/auiibfd.1674475.
EndNote Didin Ö, Didin E (October 1, 2025) Yönetsel Devrim, Siyasal Realizm ve İdeoloji: James Burnham’ın Siyaset Kuramı. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi Advanced Online Publication 14–28.
IEEE [1]Ö. Didin and E. Didin, “Yönetsel Devrim, Siyasal Realizm ve İdeoloji: James Burnham’ın Siyaset Kuramı”, Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, no. Advanced Online Publication, pp. 14–28, Oct. 2025, doi: 10.25294/auiibfd.1674475.
ISNAD Didin, Ömer - Didin, Emre. “Yönetsel Devrim, Siyasal Realizm Ve İdeoloji: James Burnham’ın Siyaset Kuramı”. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi. Advanced Online Publication (October 1, 2025): 14-28. https://doi.org/10.25294/auiibfd.1674475.
JAMA 1.Didin Ö, Didin E. Yönetsel Devrim, Siyasal Realizm ve İdeoloji: James Burnham’ın Siyaset Kuramı. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi. 2025;:14–28.
MLA Didin, Ömer, and Emre Didin. “Yönetsel Devrim, Siyasal Realizm Ve İdeoloji: James Burnham’ın Siyaset Kuramı”. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, no. Advanced Online Publication, Oct. 2025, pp. 14-28, doi:10.25294/auiibfd.1674475.
Vancouver 1.Ömer Didin, Emre Didin. Yönetsel Devrim, Siyasal Realizm ve İdeoloji: James Burnham’ın Siyaset Kuramı. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi. 2025 Oct. 1;(Advanced Online Publication):14-28. doi:10.25294/auiibfd.1674475