Sparking Leadership Scale (SLS) Development and Validation

Year 2020, , 18 - 34, 10.05.2020

Elif Bilginoğlu Uğur Yozgat

https://doi.org/10.25294/auiibfd.734195

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Today the challenge facing the leaders is not how to engage employees; it is how to keep the fires of passion burning. Nevertheless, most studies neither link the two constructs nor explain how the leaders may make an influence on the disengaged employees to turn them into a passionate workforce. The aim of this paper is to shed light on how sparking leaders ignite passion into the disengaged employees and translate them into a passionate workforce. This paper introduces a theoretical framework for sparking leadership and develops “Sparking Leadership Scale (SLS)” to measure it. The proposed model on sparking leaders, unengaged employees and passionate organizations relationship provides a conceptual framework in an area where little prior research that relies on anecdotal evidence has been done.

Keywords

Sparking leadership, engagement at work, disengaged employees, passion at work, passionate organizations

Ateşleyici Liderlik Ölçeği (ALÖ) Geliştirme Çalışması

Abstract

Liderlik, yıllardır farklı açılardan incelenmektedir. Son yıllarda yapılan tüm çalışmalar, liderin vizyonu belirlemenin yanı sıra, çalışanlara ilham ve enerji de verebilmesi gerektiği konusunda birleşmektedirler. Araştırmalar, günümüzde çalışanların büyük bir kısmının işlerine angaje olmadıklarını (unengaged) ortaya koymaktadır. Hızla değişen iş dünyasında başarılı olabilmek için, örgütlerin, çalışanlarının işe angaje olmalarından (employee engagement) çok daha fazlasına ihtiyaçları vardır. Artık örgütlerde asıl önemli olan tutkulu çalışanlara sahip olmaktır. Bu noktada liderlerin karşılaştığı zorluk, çalışanların ne şekilde işe angaje edilecekleri değil; tutkularının nasıl ateşleneceğidir. İşe angaje olmayan çalışanların tutkusunu ateşlemenin anahtarı ateşleyici liderlik olduğu için, bu konunun detaylı bir şekilde araştırılması önem taşımaktadır. Bu araştırma, ateşleyici liderlik üzerine teorik bir çerçeve sunuyor olması yanı sıra, Ateşleyici Liderlik Ölçeği (ALÖ)’ni geliştirme çalışmasını da içermektedir.

Keywords

Ateşleyici Liderlik, İşe Angaje Olma, İşe Angaje Olmayan Çalışanlar, İşyerinde Tutku, Tutkulu Örgütler

References

• Armstrong, J. S. ve Overton, T. S. (1977). Estimating nonresponse bias in mail surveys. Journal of Marketing Research, 14: 396–402.
• Aselstine, K. ve Alletson, K. (2006). A New Employment Deal for the 21st Century Workplace. Retrieved at https://iveybusinessjournal.com/publication/a-new-employment-deal-for-the-21st-century-workplace/ Erişim tarihi 30.09.2019
• Bass, B. M. ve Avolio, B. J. (1997). Full Range Leadership Development: Manual for the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Redwood City, CA: Mind Garden.
• Bass, B. M. ve Avolio, B. J. (2000). MLQ Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Redwood City: Mind Garden.
• Bennis, W. (1998). Becoming a leader of leaders. G. Rowan (Der./Ed.) Rethinking the Future: Rethinking Business, Principles, Competition, Control & Complexity, Leadership, Markets, and the World: 148-163. London, Nicholas Brealey.
• Bennis, W. (2007). The challenges of leadership in the modern world: Introduction to the special issue. American Psychologist, 62(1): 2–5.
• Bennis, W. ve Nanus, B. (2005). Leaders: The Strategies for Taking Charge. New York: Collins Business Essentials.
• Bolman, L. G. ve Deal, T. E. (2011). Leading with Soul: An Uncommon Journey of Spirit. San Francisco: John Wiley & Sons.
• Brown, R. (2016, March 07). How to re-ignite the spark in a disengaged employee. http://www.hrmonline.com.au/section/featured/how-to-re-engage-an-employee/ Erişim tarihi 20.08.2018
• Byham, T. M. ve Wellins, R. S. (2015). Your First Leadership Job: How Catalyst Leaders Bring Out the Best in Others. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley.
• Chang, R. (2001). The Passion Plan at Work: Building a Passion Driven Organization. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
• Churchill, G. A. (1979). A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs. Journal of Marketing Research, 16(1): 64-73.
• Colan, L. (2014, January 29). 3 ways to spark employee passion. https://www.inc.com/lee-colan/3-ways-to-spark-employee-passion.html Erişim tarihi 20.08.2018
• Daft, R.L. (2003). Management. USA: South Western.
• Denning, S. (2014, October 08). Debunking myths about worker passion. https://www.forbes.com/sites/stevedenning/2014/10/08/debunking-myths-about-worker-passion/#c30b2b08f4bc. Erişim tarihi 30.08.2018
• DeRue, D. S. ve Workman, K. M. (2012). Toward a positive and dynamic theory of leadership development. In G. M. Spreitzer & K. S. Cameron (Eds.). The Oxford handbook of positive organizational scholarship. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
• DeVellis, R. F. (2012). Scale Development: Theory and Applications. (3rd Ed.) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
• Fornell, C. ve Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error, Journal of Marketing Research, 18: 39–50.
• García-Sierra, R., Fernández-Castro, J. ve Martínez-Zaragoza, F. (2016). Work engagement in nursing: An integrative review of the literature, Journal of Nursing Management, 24(2): 101–111.
• Gleeson, B. (2017, March 27). The future of leadership and management in the 21st century organization. https://www.forbes.com/sites/brentgleeson/2017/03/27/the-future-of-leadership-and-management-in-the-21st-century-organization/#5d60bc82218f Erişim tarihi 03.09.2018
• Global Human Capital Trends (2015). Leading in the New World of Work. https://www2.deloitte.com/au/en/pages/human-capital/articles/introduction-human-capital-trends-2015.html Erişim tarihi 25.08.2018
• Greenberg, M. (2012, June 19). Five essential skills for leadership in the 21st century. https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-mindful-self-express/201206/five-essential-skills-leadership-in-the-21st-century Erişim tarihi 15.08.2018
• Hambrick, D. C. ve Mason, P. A. (1984). Upper echelons: The organization as a reflection of its top managers, Academy of Management Review, 9: 193-206.
• Hannagan, T. (2002). Mastering Strategic Management. Palgrave Macmillan.
• Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. ve Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate Data Analysis. (7th Ed.) Harlow, UK: Pearson.
• Hinkin, T. R. (1995). A review of scale development practices in the study of organizations, Journal of Management, 21: 967-988.
• Hinkin, T. R. (1998). A brief tutorial on the development of measures for use in survey questionnaires, Organizational Research Methods, 1: 104-121.
• House, R., Javidan, M. ve Dorfman, P. (2001). Project GLOBE: An Introduction, Applied Psychology, 50(4): 489-505
• Hunter, S. T., Bedell-Avers, K. E. ve Mumford, M. D. (2007). The typical leadership study: Assumptions, implications, and potential remedies. The Leadership Quarterly, 18: 435-446.
• İlgün Kamanlı, A. (2015). Girişimci yöneticinin işe tutkunluk ve liderlik tarzının çalışanların performans algıları üzerine etkisi. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. İstanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
• İslamoğlu, G. ve Börü, D. (2007). Politik Davranış Boyutları: Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, 14: 135-153.
• Johnson, R. L. ve Morgan, G. B. (2016). Survey Scales: A Guide to Development, Analysis, and Reporting (1st Ed.) New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
• Komives, S. R. ve Dugan, J. P. (2010). Contemporary Leadership Theories. In R. Cuoto (Ed.) Political and Civic Leadership: A Reference Handbook (111-119). Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications.
• Landis, J. ve Knoch, G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33: 159-174.
• Lipman, V. (2014). 4 tips to motivate the unmotivated. https://www.forbes.com/sites/victorlipman/2014/10/13/4-tips-to-motivate-the-unmotivated/#6e19f29c735d Erişim tarihi 15.08.2018
• Llopis, G. (2014, July 29). Leadership is about enabling the full potential in others. https://www.forbes.com/sites/glennllopis/2014/07/29/leadership-is-about-enabling-the-full-potential-in-others/#6443d2ab6698 Erişim tarihi 15.08.2018
• Lucas, J. R. (1999). The Passionate Organization: Igniting the Fire of Employee Commitment. USA: Amacom Books.
• Malone, O. (2004). 101 Leadership Actions for Creating and Managing Virtual Teams. Amherst, MA: HRD Press.
• Mann, A. ve Harter, J. (2016, January 7). The worldwide employee engagement crisis. http://news.gallup.com/businessjournal/188033/worldwide-employee-engagement-crisis.aspx Erişim tarihi 30.08.2018
• McShane, S. L. Ve Glinow, M. V. (2005). Organizational Behavior: Emerging Realities for the Workplace Revolution (3rd ed.). NewYork: The McGraw-Hill Companies
• Miller, A. (2017, July 05). How to spark passion in your employees. https://careertrend.com/spark-passion-employees-9354.html Erişim tarihi 30.08.2018
• Mostovicz, E.I., Kakabadse, N.K. ve Kakabadse, A. (2009). A dynamic theory of leadership development, Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 30(6): 563-576.
• Netemeyer, R. G., Bearden, W. O. ve Sharma, S. (2003). Scaling Procedures: Issues and Applications. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage publications.
• Newman, D.A. (2003). Longitudinal modeling with randomly and systematically missing data: a simulation of ad hoc, maximum likelihood, and multiple imputation techniques, Organizational Research Methods, 6: 328–362.
• Nunnally, J. C. ve Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric Theory (3rd Ed.) New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill.
• Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd Ed.) Thousand Oaks: CA: Sage.
• Popper, M. (2001). Hypnotic Leadership: Leaders, Followers, and the Loss of Self. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers.
• Reisinger, H. (2015, October 27). Five ways to light the fire within our workers. https://blog.jabra.com/five-ways-to-light-the-fire-within-our-workers/ Erişim tarihi 10.08.2018
• Riggio, R. E. (2010, March 17). Leadership 101: How leadership has changed in the last generation. https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/cutting-edge-leadership/201003/leadership-101-how-leadership-has-changed-in-the-last-generation Erişim tarihi 20.08.2018
• Robins, A. (2017, March 27). Passion For Work Is More Important Than Engagement. https://www.officevibe.com/blog/passion-work-important-engagement Erişim tarihi 30.09.2019
• Rossiter, J. R. (2002), The C-OAR-SE procedure for scale development in marketing. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 19(4): 305-335.
• Salanova, M., Lorente, M.L., Chambel, M.J. ve Martínez, I.M. (2011) Linking transformational leadership to nurses’ extrarole performance: the mediating role of self-efficacy and work engagement. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 67(10): 2256–2266.
• Spector, P. E. (1992). Summated Rating Scale Construction: An Introduction. New York, NY: Sage.
• Şimşek, H. ve Yıldırım, A. (2013). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• Tabachnick, B. G. ve Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6. bası). Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
• Teddlie, C. ve Yu, F. (2007). Mixed methods sampling: a typology with examples. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(1): 77-100.
• The Ken Blanchard Companies (2009). From Engagement to Work Passion: A deeper understanding of the Employee Work Passion framework. http://www.blanchard.com.tr/media/files/44e1e4db-686b-4b91-83dc-8a0ada027ab8.pdf Erişim tarihi 30.09.2019
• Trépanier, S., Fernet, C., Austin, S., Forest, J. ve Vallerand, R.J. (2014). Linking job demands and resources to burnout and work engagement: Does passion underlie these differential relationships? Motivation and Emotion, 38(3): 353–366
• Vallerand, R. J., Mageau, G. A., Ratelle, C., Leonard, M., Blanchard, C., Koestner, R., Gagne, M. (2003). Les passions de l’ame: on obsessive and harmonious passion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85: 756–767.
• Whitehurst, J. (2015). The Open Organization: Igniting Passion and Performance. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press.
• Whitehurst, J. (2016, February 15). How to build a passionate company. https://hbr.org/2016/02/how-to-build-a-passionate-company Erişim tarihi 01.09.2018.
• Workforce Purpose Index (2016). Purpose at work. https://cdn.imperative.com/media/public/Global_Purpose_Index_2016.pdf Erişim tarihi 30.09.2019
• Yurtkoru, S. (2001). The role of leadership in the organizational change process. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. İstanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.