Epistemology and methodology in psychological research may be affected by the reflections of the current period. The sociopolitical plane of neoliberalism has revealed a new psychic narrative. In line with this narrative, the neoliberal system has reconfigured the knowledge and discourse about the self. In this study, the reflections of neoliberal policies on the field of psychology and more specifically on counseling are discussed. When the literature is examined, the themes of the subject as the practice of micro governmentality, the internalized discipline as the form of micro governmentality, and the marketing of psychology as well as new forms of individuality through various methods are stressed. In addition, the way of reconfigurations of the self in the neoliberal system, and the cultivation of emotions and internal discipline in line with micro-governmentality practices were discussed. In counseling, the necessity of integrating the individual agency, positivity, strength-based intervention with the social justice and advocacy paradigm is highlighted. Furthermore, in a therapeutic relationship, the emphasis is placed on the motivation of liberating the self from neoliberal pressure as well as improving well-being in strength-based interventions.
Aujef, A. (2017). Aujef aujef aujef. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları.
Adams, G., Estrada‐Villalta, S., Sullivan, D., & Markus, H. R. (2019). The psychology of neoliberalism and the neoliberalism of psychology. Journal of Social Issues, 75(1), 189-216. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12305
Barlow, D. H. (2000). Unraveling the mysteries of anxiety and its disorders from the perspective of emotion theory. American Psychologist, 55(11), 1247-1263. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.55.11.1247
Bauman, Z. (2017). Akışkan modernite (S. O. Çavuş, Çev). İstanbul: Can Yayınları.
Brijnath, B. & Antoniades, J. (2016). “I'm running my depression:” Self-management of depression in neoliberal Australia. Social Science and Medicine, 152, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.01.022
Cabanas, E. (2016). Rekindling individualism, consuming emotions: Constructing “psytizens” in the age of happiness. Culture & Psychology, 22(3), 467-480. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354067X16655459
Calder-Dawe, O. & Gavey, N. (2019). Feminism, Foucault, and Freire: A dynamic approach to sociocultural research. Qualitative Psychology, 6(3), 216-231. https://doi.org/10.1037/qup0000106
Carr, S. & Batlle, I. C. (2015). Attachment theory, neoliberalism, and social conscience. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 35(3), 160-176. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038681
Cole, E. R. (2009). Intersectionality and research in psychology. American Psychologist, 64(3), 170-180. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014564
Cosgrove, L. & Vaswani, A. (2020). Fetal rights, the policing of pregnancy, and meanings of the maternal in an age of neoliberalism. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 40(1), 43-53. https://doi.org/10.1037/teo0000139
Curran, T. & Hill, A. P. (2019). Perfectionism is increasing over time: A meta-analysis of birth cohort differences from 1989 to 2016. Psychological Bulletin, 145(4), 410-429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bul0000138
Cushman, P. (1990). Why the self is empty: Toward a historically situated psychology. The American Psychologist, 45(5), 599-611. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.45.5.599
De La Fabián, R. & Stecher, A. (2018). Positive psychology and the enhancement of happiness: A reply to Binkley (2018). Theory & Psychology, 28(3), 411-417. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959354318772098
Duff, J., Rubenstein, C., & Prilleltensky, I. (2016). Wellness and fairness: Two core values for humanistic psychology. Humanistic Psychologist, 44(2), 127-141. https://doi.org/10.1037/hum0000020
Foucault, M. I. (2015). İktidarın gözü (I. Ergüden, Çev). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
Georges, C. M. & Tomlinson-Clarke, S. M. (2015). Integrating positive psychology into counseling psychology doctoral education. The Counseling Psychologist, 43(5), 752-788. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000015584067
Held, B. S. (2002). The tyranny of the positive attitude in America: Observation and speculation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(9), 965-991. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.10093
Kagitcibasi, C. (2013). Adolescent autonomy‐relatedness and the family in cultural context: What is optimal? Journal of Research on Adolescence, 23(2), 223-235. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12041
LaMarre, A., Smoliak, O., Cool, C., Kinavey, H., & Hardt, L. (2019). The normal, improving, and productive self: Unpacking neoliberal governmentality in therapeutic interactions. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 32(3), 236-253. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720537.2018.1477080
Magyar-Moe, J. L., Owens, R. L., & Scheel, M. J. (2015). Applications of positive psychology in counseling psychology: Current status and future directions. The Counseling Psychologist, 43(4), 494-507. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000015581001
Martínez-Guzmán, A. & Lara, A. (2019). Affective modulation in positive psychology’s regime of happiness. Theory & Psychology, 29(3), 336-357. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959354319845138
May, R. (1980). Psychology and the human dilemma W W Norton & Co. APA PsycNet sitesinden alınmıştır: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1996-97848-000
McAdams, D. P. (1996). Personality, modernity, and the storied self: A contemporary framework for studying persons. Psychological Inquiry, 7(4), 295-321. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0704_1
Miller, A. (2008). A Critique of positive psychology or the new science of happiness. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 42(3‐4), 591-608. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9752.2008.00646.x
Moradi, B. & Grzanka, P. R. (2017). Using intersectionality responsibly: Toward critical epistemology, structural analysis, and social justice activism. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 64(5), 500-513. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000203
Neilson, D. (2015). Class, precarity, and anxiety under neoliberal global capitalism: From denial to resistance. Theory & Psychology, 25(2), 184-201. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959354315580607
Prilleltensky, I. (2008). The role of power in wellness, oppression, and liberation: the promise of psychopolitical validity. Journal of Community Psychology, 36(2), 116-136. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20225
Ratts, M. J. (2009). Social justice counseling: Toward the development of a fifth force among counseling paradigms. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education and Development, 48(2), 160-172. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1939.2009.tb00076.x
Rosenthal, L. (2016). Incorporating intersectionality into psychology: An opportunity to promote social justice and equity. American Psychologist, 71(6), 474-485. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0040323
Schwartz, B. (2000). Self-determination: The tyranny of freedom. American Psychologist, 55(1), 79-88. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.79
Silvia, P. J. & O'Brien, M. E. (2004). Self-awareness and constructive functioning: Revisiting "the human dilemma". Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23(4), 475-489. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.23.4.475.40307
Smith, L. (2008). Positioning classism within counseling psychology's social justice agenda. The Counseling Psychologist, 36(6), 895-924. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000007309861
Sugarman, J. (2015). Neoliberalism and psychological ethics. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 35(2), 103-116. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038960
Teo, T. (2017). From psychological science to the psychological humanities: Building a general theory of subjectivity. Review of General Psychology, 21(4), 281-291. https://doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000132
Vera, E. M. & Shin, R. Q. (2006). Promoting strengths in a socially toxic world: Supporting resiliency with systemic interventions. The Counseling Psychologist, 34(1), 80-89. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000005282365
Psikolojide neyin bilgi değeri taşıdığı ve ne tür konuların araştırılabileceği, içinde bulunulan dönemin yansımalarından etkilenebilmektedir. Neoliberalizmin sosyopolitik düzlemi yeni bir psişe anlatısı ortaya koymuştur. Bu psişe anlatımı doğrultusunda, neoliberal sistem benliğe yönelik bilgiyi ve öyküyü yeniden yapılandırmıştır. Bu çalışmada, neoliberal politikaların psikoloji ve daha özelde de psikolojik danışma alanında yansımaları tartışılmıştır. İlgili yazın incelendiğinde mikro tahakküm alanı olarak birey/ özne, mikro tahakküm biçimi olarak içselleştirilmiş disiplin ve psikolojinin çeşitli yöntemlerle piyasalaşması ya da bireyliğin piyasalaştırılması temaları üzerinde durulmuştur. Ayrıca neoliberal sistemde benliğin yeniden yapılandırılma biçimi incelenmiş, İçsel disipline etme sürecinde benliğe ve duygulara değinilmiştir. Psikolojik danışma alanında bireyin özerkliği ve pozitif gelişiminin sosyal adalet paradigmasıyla bütünleştirilmesinin gereğine vurgu yapılmıştır. Neoliberalizm bağlamındaki eleştirel yazın çerçevesinde oluşturulan bu temaların psikolojik danışma alanına olası yansımaları ele alınmış, sosyal adalet paradigması çerçevesinde psikolojik danışma alanına yönelik önerilere dikkat çekilmiştir. Güçlülük temelli müdahalelerde, iyi oluşun yanında benliğe yönelik neoliberal baskıdan özgürleşme vurgusu yapılmıştır.
Aujef, A. (2017). Aujef aujef aujef. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları.
Adams, G., Estrada‐Villalta, S., Sullivan, D., & Markus, H. R. (2019). The psychology of neoliberalism and the neoliberalism of psychology. Journal of Social Issues, 75(1), 189-216. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12305
Barlow, D. H. (2000). Unraveling the mysteries of anxiety and its disorders from the perspective of emotion theory. American Psychologist, 55(11), 1247-1263. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.55.11.1247
Bauman, Z. (2017). Akışkan modernite (S. O. Çavuş, Çev). İstanbul: Can Yayınları.
Brijnath, B. & Antoniades, J. (2016). “I'm running my depression:” Self-management of depression in neoliberal Australia. Social Science and Medicine, 152, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.01.022
Cabanas, E. (2016). Rekindling individualism, consuming emotions: Constructing “psytizens” in the age of happiness. Culture & Psychology, 22(3), 467-480. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354067X16655459
Calder-Dawe, O. & Gavey, N. (2019). Feminism, Foucault, and Freire: A dynamic approach to sociocultural research. Qualitative Psychology, 6(3), 216-231. https://doi.org/10.1037/qup0000106
Carr, S. & Batlle, I. C. (2015). Attachment theory, neoliberalism, and social conscience. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 35(3), 160-176. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038681
Cole, E. R. (2009). Intersectionality and research in psychology. American Psychologist, 64(3), 170-180. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014564
Cosgrove, L. & Vaswani, A. (2020). Fetal rights, the policing of pregnancy, and meanings of the maternal in an age of neoliberalism. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 40(1), 43-53. https://doi.org/10.1037/teo0000139
Curran, T. & Hill, A. P. (2019). Perfectionism is increasing over time: A meta-analysis of birth cohort differences from 1989 to 2016. Psychological Bulletin, 145(4), 410-429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bul0000138
Cushman, P. (1990). Why the self is empty: Toward a historically situated psychology. The American Psychologist, 45(5), 599-611. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.45.5.599
De La Fabián, R. & Stecher, A. (2018). Positive psychology and the enhancement of happiness: A reply to Binkley (2018). Theory & Psychology, 28(3), 411-417. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959354318772098
Duff, J., Rubenstein, C., & Prilleltensky, I. (2016). Wellness and fairness: Two core values for humanistic psychology. Humanistic Psychologist, 44(2), 127-141. https://doi.org/10.1037/hum0000020
Foucault, M. I. (2015). İktidarın gözü (I. Ergüden, Çev). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
Georges, C. M. & Tomlinson-Clarke, S. M. (2015). Integrating positive psychology into counseling psychology doctoral education. The Counseling Psychologist, 43(5), 752-788. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000015584067
Held, B. S. (2002). The tyranny of the positive attitude in America: Observation and speculation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(9), 965-991. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.10093
Kagitcibasi, C. (2013). Adolescent autonomy‐relatedness and the family in cultural context: What is optimal? Journal of Research on Adolescence, 23(2), 223-235. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12041
LaMarre, A., Smoliak, O., Cool, C., Kinavey, H., & Hardt, L. (2019). The normal, improving, and productive self: Unpacking neoliberal governmentality in therapeutic interactions. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 32(3), 236-253. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720537.2018.1477080
Magyar-Moe, J. L., Owens, R. L., & Scheel, M. J. (2015). Applications of positive psychology in counseling psychology: Current status and future directions. The Counseling Psychologist, 43(4), 494-507. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000015581001
Martínez-Guzmán, A. & Lara, A. (2019). Affective modulation in positive psychology’s regime of happiness. Theory & Psychology, 29(3), 336-357. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959354319845138
May, R. (1980). Psychology and the human dilemma W W Norton & Co. APA PsycNet sitesinden alınmıştır: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1996-97848-000
McAdams, D. P. (1996). Personality, modernity, and the storied self: A contemporary framework for studying persons. Psychological Inquiry, 7(4), 295-321. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0704_1
Miller, A. (2008). A Critique of positive psychology or the new science of happiness. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 42(3‐4), 591-608. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9752.2008.00646.x
Moradi, B. & Grzanka, P. R. (2017). Using intersectionality responsibly: Toward critical epistemology, structural analysis, and social justice activism. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 64(5), 500-513. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000203
Neilson, D. (2015). Class, precarity, and anxiety under neoliberal global capitalism: From denial to resistance. Theory & Psychology, 25(2), 184-201. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959354315580607
Prilleltensky, I. (2008). The role of power in wellness, oppression, and liberation: the promise of psychopolitical validity. Journal of Community Psychology, 36(2), 116-136. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20225
Ratts, M. J. (2009). Social justice counseling: Toward the development of a fifth force among counseling paradigms. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education and Development, 48(2), 160-172. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1939.2009.tb00076.x
Rosenthal, L. (2016). Incorporating intersectionality into psychology: An opportunity to promote social justice and equity. American Psychologist, 71(6), 474-485. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0040323
Schwartz, B. (2000). Self-determination: The tyranny of freedom. American Psychologist, 55(1), 79-88. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.79
Silvia, P. J. & O'Brien, M. E. (2004). Self-awareness and constructive functioning: Revisiting "the human dilemma". Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23(4), 475-489. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.23.4.475.40307
Smith, L. (2008). Positioning classism within counseling psychology's social justice agenda. The Counseling Psychologist, 36(6), 895-924. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000007309861
Sugarman, J. (2015). Neoliberalism and psychological ethics. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 35(2), 103-116. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038960
Teo, T. (2017). From psychological science to the psychological humanities: Building a general theory of subjectivity. Review of General Psychology, 21(4), 281-291. https://doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000132
Vera, E. M. & Shin, R. Q. (2006). Promoting strengths in a socially toxic world: Supporting resiliency with systemic interventions. The Counseling Psychologist, 34(1), 80-89. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000005282365
Sarıçalı, M. (2022). Benliğin Neoliberal Öyküsü ve Psikolojik Danışma. Anadolu University Journal of Education Faculty, 6(1), 31-38. https://doi.org/10.34056/aujef.970458