Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Empirical Evidences on Turkish Tourism-led Growth Experience in the Presence of a Structural Break

Year 2018, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 51 - 60, 20.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.552390

Abstract




The aim of this study is analysing the validity of tourism –led growth hypothesis in Turkey for 1965 – 2013. This study’s contributions to the related literature are twofold. Firstly, the most recent data are used for this analysis and secondly, a cointegration analysis based on a structural break in the macroeconomic series is firstly conducted for Turkey. In this context, after a brief introduction, model and data used in this study are explained. Then the methodology and empirical results are given. Lastly, in the conclusions, interpretations of the empirical results and policy implications for Turkey are given. 

References

  • Albaladejo, I. P., Gonzalez - Martinez, M. I. & Martinez - Garcia, M. P. (2014). Quality and Endogenous Tourism: An Empirical Approach. Tourism Management. 41, 141 – 147. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2013.09.006
  • Arslanturk, Y., Balcilar, M. & Ozdemir, Z. A. (2011). Timevarying Linkages between Tourism Receipts and Economic Growth in a Small Open Economy. Economic Modelling, 28, 664 - 671. doi:10.1016/j.econmoc.2010.06.003
  • Arslanturk, Y. & Atan, S. (2012). Dynamic Relation between Economic Growth, Foreign Exchange and Tourism Incomes: An Econometric Perspective on Turkey. Journal of Business, Economics & Finance, 1(1), 30 – 37. Retrieved from: http://dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr`.
  • Aslan, A. (2014). Tourism Development and Economic Growth in the Mediterranean Countries: Evidence from Panel Granger Causality Tests. Current Issues in Tourism, 17(4), 363- 372. doi: 10.1080/13683500.2013.768607
  • Balaguer, L. & Cantavella-Jorda, M. (2002). Tourism as a Long- Run Economic Growth Factor: The Spanish Case. Applied Economics, 34, 877 – 884. doi: 10.180/00036840110058923
  • Belloumi, M. (2010). The Relationship between Tourism Receipts, Real Effective Exchange Rate and Economic Growth in Tunisia. International Journal of Tourism Research, 12, 550 - 560. doi:10.1002/jtr.774
  • Bouzahzah, M. & El Menyari, Y. (2013). The Relationship between International Tourism and Economic Growth: The Case of Morocco and Tunisia. MPRA. Paper No 44102. Retrieved from: http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44102/
  • Brida, J. G., Carrera, E. J. S. & Risso, W. A. (2008). Tourism`s Impact on Long-Run Mexican Economic Growth. Economics Bulletin, 3(21), 1 - 8. Retrieved from: http://economicsbulletin.vanderbilt.edu/2008/volume3/EB-07C20155A.pdf
  • Brida, J. G., Risso, W. A., Lanzilotta, B. & Lionetti, S. (2010). The Tourism-Led-Growth Hypothesis for Uruguay. Tourism Economics, 16(3), 765 - 771. Retrieved from: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1333102
  • Brida, J. G., Bibiana, L., Pereyra, J. S. & Pizzolon, F. (2013). A Nonlinear Approach to the Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis: The Case of the MERCOSUR. Current Issues in Tourism, doi:10.1080/13683500.2013.802765
  • Caglayan, E., Sak, N. & Karymshakov, K. (2012). Relationhip between Tourism and Economic Growth: A Panel Granger Causality Approach. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 2(5), 591 - 602. Retrieved from: http://www.aessweb.com/pdf-files/591-602.pdf
  • Campos, J., Ericsson, N.R. & Hendry, D.F. (1996). Cointegration Tests in the Presence of Structural Breaks. Journal of Econometrics, 70, 187 – 220. Retrieved from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304407694016895
  • Cortes-Jimenez, I. & Pulina, M. (30 August - 3 September 2006). Tourism and Growth: Evidence for Spain and Italy. 46th Congress of the European Regional Science Association, University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
  • Demiroz, D. M. & Ongan, S. (2005). The Contribution of Tourism to the Long-Run Turkish Economic Growth. Journal of Economics, 09, 880 - 894. Retrieved from: http://www.ceeol.com
  • Ghali, M. A. (1976). Tourism and Economic Growth: An Empirical Study. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 24(3), 527 - 538. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1153003
  • Gregory, A.W. & Hansen, B.E. (1996). Residual-based Tests for Cointegration in Models with Regime Shifts. Journal of Econometrics, 70, 99 – 126. Retrieved from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304407669416857
  • Gunduz, L. & Hatemi - J, A. (2005). Is the Tourism-led Growth Hypothesis Valid for Turkey? Applied Economics Letters, 12, 499 - 504. doi: 10.1080/13504850500109865
  • Hendry, D.F. & Neale, A.J. (1991). A Monte Carlo Study of the Effects of Structural Breaks on Tests for Unit Roots. Ch. 8 in: P. Hackl & A.H. Westlund, (Eds.), Economic Structural Change: Analysis and Forecasting. (95 – 119). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
  • Husein, J. & Kara, S. M. (2011). Research Note: Re examining the Tourism-led Growth Hypothesis for Turkey. Tourism Economics, 17(4), 917 - 924. Retrieved from: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ip/tec/2011/00000017/00000004/art00011
  • Hye, Q. M. A. & Khan, R. E. A. (2013). Tourism-led Growth Hypothesis: A Case Study of Pakistan. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 18(4), 303 - 313. doi: 10.1080/10941665.2012.658412
  • Kasman, A. & Kasman, S.K. (2004). Cointegration and Causality between Tourism Revenues and Economic Growth. Iktisat Isletme ve Finans (Economics, Business and Finance), 19(220), 122 - 131. Retrieved from: http://www.iif.com.tr
  • Katircioglu, S. (2009a). Revisiting the Tourism-Led-Growth Hypothesis for Turkey Using the Bounds Test and Johansen Approach for Cointegration. Tourism Management, 30, 17 - 20. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2008.04.004
  • Katircioglu, S. (2009b). Testing the Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis: The Case of Malta. Acta Oeconomica, 59(3), 331 - 343.doi: 10.1556/AOecon.59.2009.3.4
  • Katircioglu, S. (2009c). Tourism, Trade and Growth: The Case of Cyprus. Applied Economics, 41, 2741 - 2750. doi: 10.1080/00036840701335512
  • Katircioglu, S. T. (2010). International Tourism, Higher Education and Economic Growth: The Case of North Cyprus. The World Economy, 1955 – 1972, doi:10.1111/j.1467-9701.2010.0.x.
  • Katircioglu, S. (2010). Research note: Testing the Tourism-led Growth Hypothesis for Singapore - an Empirical Investigation from Bounds Test to Cointegration and Granger Causality Tests. Tourism Economics, 16(4), 1095 - 1101. Retrieved from: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ip/tec/2010/00000016/00000004/art00019
  • Lionetti, S. & Gonzalez, O. (2011). On the Relationship between Tourism and Growth in Latin America. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 12(1), 15-24. doi: 10.1177/1467358411429635
  • MacKinnon, J.G. (1991). Critical Values for Cointegration Tests. Chapter 13 in Long-Run Economic Relationships: Readings in Cointegration”. R.F. Engle & C.W.J. Granger (Eds.). Oxford. Oxford University Press.
  • McCombie, J.S.L. & Thirlwall, A.P. (1994). Economic Growth and the Balance-of-Payments Constraint. London: Macmillan Press.
  • Nissan, E., Galindo, M.-A. & Mendez, M. T. (2011). Relationship between Tourism and Economic Growth. The Service Industries Journal, 31(10), 1567 - 1572. doi: 10.1080/02642069.2010.485636
  • Parrilla, J. C., Font, A. R. & Nadal, J. R. (2007). Tourism and Long-Term Growth: A Spanish Perspective. Annals of Tourism Research, 34(3), 709 - 726. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2007.02.003
  • Perron, P. (1997). Further Evidence on Breaking Trend Functions in Macroeconomic Variables. Journal of Econometrics, 80, 355 – 385. Retrieved from: http:// www.sciencedirect.com/science.com/science/article/pii/S0304407697000493
  • Perron, P. (1989). The Great Crash, the Oil Price Shock and the Unit Root Hypothesis. Econometrica, 57, 1361 – 1401. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1913712
  • Proenca, S. & Soukiazis, E. (2008). Tourism as an Economic Growth Factor: A Case Study for Southern European Countries. Tourism Economics, 14(4), 791 - 806. Retrieved from: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ip/tec/2008/00000014/00000004/art00008
  • Said, S. & Dickey, D.A. (1984). Testing for Unit Roots in Autoregressive-Moving Average Models of Unknown Order. Biometrika, 71, 599 – 607. doi: 10.1093/biomet/71.3.599
  • Sequeira, T. N. & Nunes, P. M. (2008). Does Tourism Influence Economic Growth? A Dynamic Panel Data Approach. Applied Economics, 40(18), 2431-2441. doi: 10.1080/00036840600949520
  • Srinivasan, P., Santhosh, K.P.K. & Ganesh, L. (2012). Tourism and Economic Growth in Sri Lanka: An ARDL Bounds Testing Approach. Environment and Urbanization ASIA, 3(2), 397 - 405. doi: 10.1177/0975425312473234
  • Tang, C. F. & Tan, E. C. (2013). How Stable is the Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis in Malaysia? Evidence from Disaggregated Tourism Markets. Tourism Management, 37, 52 - 57. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2012.12.014
  • Tang, C.F. & Abosedra, S. (2014). Small Sample Evidence on the Tourism-led Growth Hypothesis in Lebanon. Current Issues in Tourism, 17(3), 234 – 246. doi: 10.1080/13683500.2012.732044
  • The Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey. Foreign Exchange Database. Retrieved February 15, 2015, from http://www.tcmb.gov.tr
  • Toda, H.Y. & Yamamoto, T. (1995). Statistical Inference in Vector Autoregressions with Possibly Integrated Processes. Journal of Econometrics, 66, 225 – 250. Retrieved from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304407694016168#
  • Tugcu, C. T. (2014). Tourism and Economic Growth Revisited: A Panel Causality Analysis for the Case of the Mediterranean Region. Tourism Management, 42, 207 - 212. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2013.12.007
  • The Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism.Tourism Revenues Statistics. Retrieved February 15, 2015, from http://www.kultur.gov.tr.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute. Annual GDP with Constant Prices. Retrieved February 15, 2015, from http://www.turkstat.gov.tr.
  • World Travel & Tourism Council. (2014a). Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2014 – Turkey. Retrieved from http://www.wttc.org/focus/research-for-action/economic-impactanalysis/
  • World Travel & Tourism Council. (2014b). Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2014 – WORLD. Retrieved from http://www.wttc.org/focus/research-for-action/economic-impactanalysis/
  • Yavuz, N.C. (2006). Turkiye’de Turizm Gelirlerinin Ekonomik Buyumeye Etkisinin Testi: Yapısal Kırılma ve Nedensellik Analizi. Dogus Universty Journal, 7(2), 162 – 171. Retrieved from: openaccess.dogus.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/11376/443
  • Yeldan, E. & Boratav, K. (2006). Turkey, 1980 – 2000: Financial Liberalization, Macroeconomic (In)-Stability, and Patterns of Distribution. Lance Taylor (Ed.). External Liberalization in Asia, Post-Socialist Europe and Brazil. (417 – 455). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Zivot, E. & Andrews, D.W.K. (1992). Further Evidence on the Great Crash, the Oil-Price Shock and the Unit-Root Hypothesis. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 10, 251 – 270. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1391541
Year 2018, Volume: 18 Issue: 2, 51 - 60, 20.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.552390

Abstract

References

  • Albaladejo, I. P., Gonzalez - Martinez, M. I. & Martinez - Garcia, M. P. (2014). Quality and Endogenous Tourism: An Empirical Approach. Tourism Management. 41, 141 – 147. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2013.09.006
  • Arslanturk, Y., Balcilar, M. & Ozdemir, Z. A. (2011). Timevarying Linkages between Tourism Receipts and Economic Growth in a Small Open Economy. Economic Modelling, 28, 664 - 671. doi:10.1016/j.econmoc.2010.06.003
  • Arslanturk, Y. & Atan, S. (2012). Dynamic Relation between Economic Growth, Foreign Exchange and Tourism Incomes: An Econometric Perspective on Turkey. Journal of Business, Economics & Finance, 1(1), 30 – 37. Retrieved from: http://dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr`.
  • Aslan, A. (2014). Tourism Development and Economic Growth in the Mediterranean Countries: Evidence from Panel Granger Causality Tests. Current Issues in Tourism, 17(4), 363- 372. doi: 10.1080/13683500.2013.768607
  • Balaguer, L. & Cantavella-Jorda, M. (2002). Tourism as a Long- Run Economic Growth Factor: The Spanish Case. Applied Economics, 34, 877 – 884. doi: 10.180/00036840110058923
  • Belloumi, M. (2010). The Relationship between Tourism Receipts, Real Effective Exchange Rate and Economic Growth in Tunisia. International Journal of Tourism Research, 12, 550 - 560. doi:10.1002/jtr.774
  • Bouzahzah, M. & El Menyari, Y. (2013). The Relationship between International Tourism and Economic Growth: The Case of Morocco and Tunisia. MPRA. Paper No 44102. Retrieved from: http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/44102/
  • Brida, J. G., Carrera, E. J. S. & Risso, W. A. (2008). Tourism`s Impact on Long-Run Mexican Economic Growth. Economics Bulletin, 3(21), 1 - 8. Retrieved from: http://economicsbulletin.vanderbilt.edu/2008/volume3/EB-07C20155A.pdf
  • Brida, J. G., Risso, W. A., Lanzilotta, B. & Lionetti, S. (2010). The Tourism-Led-Growth Hypothesis for Uruguay. Tourism Economics, 16(3), 765 - 771. Retrieved from: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1333102
  • Brida, J. G., Bibiana, L., Pereyra, J. S. & Pizzolon, F. (2013). A Nonlinear Approach to the Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis: The Case of the MERCOSUR. Current Issues in Tourism, doi:10.1080/13683500.2013.802765
  • Caglayan, E., Sak, N. & Karymshakov, K. (2012). Relationhip between Tourism and Economic Growth: A Panel Granger Causality Approach. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 2(5), 591 - 602. Retrieved from: http://www.aessweb.com/pdf-files/591-602.pdf
  • Campos, J., Ericsson, N.R. & Hendry, D.F. (1996). Cointegration Tests in the Presence of Structural Breaks. Journal of Econometrics, 70, 187 – 220. Retrieved from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304407694016895
  • Cortes-Jimenez, I. & Pulina, M. (30 August - 3 September 2006). Tourism and Growth: Evidence for Spain and Italy. 46th Congress of the European Regional Science Association, University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
  • Demiroz, D. M. & Ongan, S. (2005). The Contribution of Tourism to the Long-Run Turkish Economic Growth. Journal of Economics, 09, 880 - 894. Retrieved from: http://www.ceeol.com
  • Ghali, M. A. (1976). Tourism and Economic Growth: An Empirical Study. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 24(3), 527 - 538. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1153003
  • Gregory, A.W. & Hansen, B.E. (1996). Residual-based Tests for Cointegration in Models with Regime Shifts. Journal of Econometrics, 70, 99 – 126. Retrieved from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304407669416857
  • Gunduz, L. & Hatemi - J, A. (2005). Is the Tourism-led Growth Hypothesis Valid for Turkey? Applied Economics Letters, 12, 499 - 504. doi: 10.1080/13504850500109865
  • Hendry, D.F. & Neale, A.J. (1991). A Monte Carlo Study of the Effects of Structural Breaks on Tests for Unit Roots. Ch. 8 in: P. Hackl & A.H. Westlund, (Eds.), Economic Structural Change: Analysis and Forecasting. (95 – 119). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
  • Husein, J. & Kara, S. M. (2011). Research Note: Re examining the Tourism-led Growth Hypothesis for Turkey. Tourism Economics, 17(4), 917 - 924. Retrieved from: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ip/tec/2011/00000017/00000004/art00011
  • Hye, Q. M. A. & Khan, R. E. A. (2013). Tourism-led Growth Hypothesis: A Case Study of Pakistan. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 18(4), 303 - 313. doi: 10.1080/10941665.2012.658412
  • Kasman, A. & Kasman, S.K. (2004). Cointegration and Causality between Tourism Revenues and Economic Growth. Iktisat Isletme ve Finans (Economics, Business and Finance), 19(220), 122 - 131. Retrieved from: http://www.iif.com.tr
  • Katircioglu, S. (2009a). Revisiting the Tourism-Led-Growth Hypothesis for Turkey Using the Bounds Test and Johansen Approach for Cointegration. Tourism Management, 30, 17 - 20. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2008.04.004
  • Katircioglu, S. (2009b). Testing the Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis: The Case of Malta. Acta Oeconomica, 59(3), 331 - 343.doi: 10.1556/AOecon.59.2009.3.4
  • Katircioglu, S. (2009c). Tourism, Trade and Growth: The Case of Cyprus. Applied Economics, 41, 2741 - 2750. doi: 10.1080/00036840701335512
  • Katircioglu, S. T. (2010). International Tourism, Higher Education and Economic Growth: The Case of North Cyprus. The World Economy, 1955 – 1972, doi:10.1111/j.1467-9701.2010.0.x.
  • Katircioglu, S. (2010). Research note: Testing the Tourism-led Growth Hypothesis for Singapore - an Empirical Investigation from Bounds Test to Cointegration and Granger Causality Tests. Tourism Economics, 16(4), 1095 - 1101. Retrieved from: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ip/tec/2010/00000016/00000004/art00019
  • Lionetti, S. & Gonzalez, O. (2011). On the Relationship between Tourism and Growth in Latin America. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 12(1), 15-24. doi: 10.1177/1467358411429635
  • MacKinnon, J.G. (1991). Critical Values for Cointegration Tests. Chapter 13 in Long-Run Economic Relationships: Readings in Cointegration”. R.F. Engle & C.W.J. Granger (Eds.). Oxford. Oxford University Press.
  • McCombie, J.S.L. & Thirlwall, A.P. (1994). Economic Growth and the Balance-of-Payments Constraint. London: Macmillan Press.
  • Nissan, E., Galindo, M.-A. & Mendez, M. T. (2011). Relationship between Tourism and Economic Growth. The Service Industries Journal, 31(10), 1567 - 1572. doi: 10.1080/02642069.2010.485636
  • Parrilla, J. C., Font, A. R. & Nadal, J. R. (2007). Tourism and Long-Term Growth: A Spanish Perspective. Annals of Tourism Research, 34(3), 709 - 726. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2007.02.003
  • Perron, P. (1997). Further Evidence on Breaking Trend Functions in Macroeconomic Variables. Journal of Econometrics, 80, 355 – 385. Retrieved from: http:// www.sciencedirect.com/science.com/science/article/pii/S0304407697000493
  • Perron, P. (1989). The Great Crash, the Oil Price Shock and the Unit Root Hypothesis. Econometrica, 57, 1361 – 1401. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1913712
  • Proenca, S. & Soukiazis, E. (2008). Tourism as an Economic Growth Factor: A Case Study for Southern European Countries. Tourism Economics, 14(4), 791 - 806. Retrieved from: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ip/tec/2008/00000014/00000004/art00008
  • Said, S. & Dickey, D.A. (1984). Testing for Unit Roots in Autoregressive-Moving Average Models of Unknown Order. Biometrika, 71, 599 – 607. doi: 10.1093/biomet/71.3.599
  • Sequeira, T. N. & Nunes, P. M. (2008). Does Tourism Influence Economic Growth? A Dynamic Panel Data Approach. Applied Economics, 40(18), 2431-2441. doi: 10.1080/00036840600949520
  • Srinivasan, P., Santhosh, K.P.K. & Ganesh, L. (2012). Tourism and Economic Growth in Sri Lanka: An ARDL Bounds Testing Approach. Environment and Urbanization ASIA, 3(2), 397 - 405. doi: 10.1177/0975425312473234
  • Tang, C. F. & Tan, E. C. (2013). How Stable is the Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis in Malaysia? Evidence from Disaggregated Tourism Markets. Tourism Management, 37, 52 - 57. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2012.12.014
  • Tang, C.F. & Abosedra, S. (2014). Small Sample Evidence on the Tourism-led Growth Hypothesis in Lebanon. Current Issues in Tourism, 17(3), 234 – 246. doi: 10.1080/13683500.2012.732044
  • The Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey. Foreign Exchange Database. Retrieved February 15, 2015, from http://www.tcmb.gov.tr
  • Toda, H.Y. & Yamamoto, T. (1995). Statistical Inference in Vector Autoregressions with Possibly Integrated Processes. Journal of Econometrics, 66, 225 – 250. Retrieved from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304407694016168#
  • Tugcu, C. T. (2014). Tourism and Economic Growth Revisited: A Panel Causality Analysis for the Case of the Mediterranean Region. Tourism Management, 42, 207 - 212. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2013.12.007
  • The Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism.Tourism Revenues Statistics. Retrieved February 15, 2015, from http://www.kultur.gov.tr.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute. Annual GDP with Constant Prices. Retrieved February 15, 2015, from http://www.turkstat.gov.tr.
  • World Travel & Tourism Council. (2014a). Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2014 – Turkey. Retrieved from http://www.wttc.org/focus/research-for-action/economic-impactanalysis/
  • World Travel & Tourism Council. (2014b). Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2014 – WORLD. Retrieved from http://www.wttc.org/focus/research-for-action/economic-impactanalysis/
  • Yavuz, N.C. (2006). Turkiye’de Turizm Gelirlerinin Ekonomik Buyumeye Etkisinin Testi: Yapısal Kırılma ve Nedensellik Analizi. Dogus Universty Journal, 7(2), 162 – 171. Retrieved from: openaccess.dogus.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/11376/443
  • Yeldan, E. & Boratav, K. (2006). Turkey, 1980 – 2000: Financial Liberalization, Macroeconomic (In)-Stability, and Patterns of Distribution. Lance Taylor (Ed.). External Liberalization in Asia, Post-Socialist Europe and Brazil. (417 – 455). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Zivot, E. & Andrews, D.W.K. (1992). Further Evidence on the Great Crash, the Oil-Price Shock and the Unit-Root Hypothesis. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 10, 251 – 270. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1391541
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Burcu Türkcan

Publication Date June 20, 2018
Submission Date July 27, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 18 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Türkcan B. (2018). Empirical Evidences on Turkish Tourism-led Growth Experience in the Presence of a Structural Break. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(2), 51-60. https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.552390

20489

This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.