Research Article
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The Relationship between Prevention Focus, Money Attitude and Financial Behavior

Year 2022, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 385 - 404, 29.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.1095237

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the relationship between the prevention focus as a regulatory focus factor that affects individuals’ decisions and money attitude and financial behaviour. Within the scope of the study, questionnaires were administered to 385 people and the study data were analyzed using the structural equation modelling technique. Results of the study reveal that the prevention-focus factor has no direct or indirect effect on financial behaviour. Further, prevention-focus is found to have a positive effect on power-prestige, retention-time, distrust and anxiety, which are among the factors that define attitude towards money. However, the retention-time factor is the only money attitude factor found to have a positive effect on financial behaviour.

References

  • Altunişik, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S., ve Yildirim, E. (2007). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Sakarya: Sakarya Kitabevi.
  • Atkinson, A., ve Messy, F.-A. (2012). Measuring financial literacy: Results of the OECD/International Network on Financial Education (INFE) pilot study. OECD Working Papers on Finance, Insurance and Private Pensions 15, OECD.
  • Atta, Y. F. O., ve Sayılır, Ö. (2019). Money attitude and saving intentions of young adults in Turkey. H. Bal (Ed.), Economics and Politics (s. 77-90) içinde. Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi
  • Belk, R. W., ve Wallendorf, M. (1990). The sacred meanings of money. Journal of Economic Psychology, 11(1), 35-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4870(90)90046-C
  • Brandstätter, E., ve Brandstätter, H. (1996). What's money worth? Determinants of the subjective value of money. Journal of Economic Psychology, 17(4), 443-464. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4870(96)00019-0
  • Brockner, J., ve Higgins, E. T. (2001). Regulatory focus theory: Implications for the study of emotions at work. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 86(1), 35-66. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.2001.2972
  • Brougham, R. R., Jacobs‐Lawson, J. M., Hershey, D. A., & Trujillo, K. M. (2011). Who pays your debt? An important question for understanding compulsive buying among American college students. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 35(1), 79-85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2010.00923.x
  • Chen, H., ve Volpe, R. P. (1998). An analysis of personal financial literacy among college students. Financial services review, 7(2), 107-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1057-0810(99)80006-7
  • Collins, J. M. (2011). Mortgage mistakes? Demographic factors associated with problematic loan application behaviors. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 32(4), 586-599. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-011-9276-x
  • Crowe, E., ve Higgins, E. T. (1997). Regulatory focus and strategic inclinations: Promotion and prevention in decision-making. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 69(2), 117-132. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1996.2675
  • Fernandes, D., Lynch Jr, J. G., ve Netemeyer, R. G. (2014). Financial literacy, financial education, and downstream financial behaviors. Management Science, 60(8), 1861-1883. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2013.1849
  • Florack, A., Keller, J., ve Palcu, J. (2013). Regulatory focus in economic contexts. Journal of Economic Psychology, 38, 127-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2013.06.001
  • Förster, J., ve Higgins, E. T. (2005). How global versus local perception fits regulatory focus. Psychological science, 16(8), 631-636. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01586.x
  • Furnham, A. (1984). Many sides of the coin: The psychology of money usage. Personality and individual Differences, 5(5), 501-509. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(84)90025-4
  • Furnham, A., ve Argyle, M. (1998). The psychology of money. London: Routledge.
  • Gambetti, E., & Giusberti, F. (2012). The effect of anger and anxiety traits on investment decisions. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(6), 1059-1069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2012.07.001
  • Garðarsdóttir, R. B., ve Dittmar, H. (2012). The relationship of materialism to debt and financial well-being: The case of Iceland’s perceived prosperity. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(3), 471-481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2011.12.008
  • Gillen, M., ve Kim, H. (2014). Older adults’ receipt of financial help: Does personality matter? Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 35(2), 178-189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-013-9365-0
  • Goldberg, H., ve Lewis, R. T. (2000). Money Madness: The Psychology of Saving, Spending, Loving, and Hating Money: Wellness Institute/Self-Help Books, LLC.
  • Gürbüz, S. (2019). AMOS ile yapısal eşitlik modellemesi. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Hanley, A., ve Wilhelm, M. S. (1992). Compulsive buying: An exploration into self-esteem and money attitudes. Journal of Economic Psychology, 13(1), 5-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4870(92)90049-D
  • Hastings, J. S., Madrian, B. C., & Skimmyhorn, W. L. (2013). Financial literacy, financial education, and economic outcomes. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-economics-082312-125807
  • Higgins, E. T. (1998). Promotion and prevention: Regulatory focus as a motivational principle. Advances in experimental social psychology, 30, 1-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60381-0
  • Higgins, E. T. (2006). Value from hedonic experience and engagement. Psychological Review, 113(3), 439. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.113.3.439
  • Hogarth, J. M., Beverly, S. G., ve Hilgert, M. (2003). Patterns of financial behaviors: Implications for community educators and policy makers. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.196.5257
  • Holzmann, R. (2010). Bringing financial literacy and education to low and middle income countries: The need to review, adjust, and extend current wisdom. IZA Discussion Paper Series, No. 5114. World Bank.
  • Huddleston-Casas, C. A., Danes, S. M., ve Boyce, L. (1999). Impact evaluation of a financial literacy program: Evidence for needed educational policy changes. Consumer Interests Annual, 45(6). Retrieved from https://www.consumerinterests.org/assets/docs/cia1999/huddleston-casasdanesboyce.pdf
  • Joo, S.-h., ve Grable, J. E. (2004). An exploratory framework of the determinants of financial satisfaction. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 25(1), 25-50. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JEEI.0000016722.37994.9f
  • Kalaycı, Ş., Albayrak, A., Eroğlu, A., Küçüksille, E., Ak, B., Karaltı, M., ve Öztürk, E. (2005). SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri. Ankara: Asil Yayın Dağıtım Ltd.
  • Kark, R., ve Van Dijk, D. (2007). Motivation to lead, motivation to follow: The role of the self-regulatory focus in leadership processes. Academy of management review, 32(2), 500-528. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.24351846
  • Klenk, M. M., Strauman, T. J., ve Higgins, E. T. (2011). Regulatory focus and anxiety: A self-regulatory model of GAD-depression comorbidity. Personality and individual Differences, 50(7), 935-943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.12.003
  • Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Publications.
  • Krueger, D. W. (1986). The last taboo: Money as symbol and reality in psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. New York: Brunel/Mazel.
  • Lim, V. K., Teo, T. S., ve Loo, G. L. (2003). Sex, financial hardship and locus of control: an empirical study of attitudes towards money among Singaporean Chinese. Personality and individual Differences, 34(3), 411-429. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00063-6
  • Lockwood, P., Jordan, C. H., ve Kunda, Z. (2002). Motivation by positive or negative role models: regulatory focus determines who will best inspire us. Journal of personality and social psychology, 83(4), 854. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.83.4.854
  • Lown, J. M., Kim, J., Gutter, M. S., ve Hunt, A.-T. (2015). Self-efficacy and savings among middle and low income households. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 36(4), 491-502. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-014-9419-y
  • Lusardi, A. (2008). Financial literacy: an essential tool for informed consumer choice?. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series. Retrieved from https://www.nber.org/papers/w14084
  • Lusardi, A., ve Mitchell, O. S. (2008). Planning and financial literacy: How do women fare? American Economic Review, 98(2), 413-417. https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.98.2.413
  • Mandell, L., ve Klein, L. S. (2007). Motivation and financial literacy. Financial services review, 16(2). 105–116. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/openview/d10b89092db2fd4db6fa474537b831da/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=31458
  • Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human behavior. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370-396.
  • Masuo, D. M., Malroutu, Y. L., Hanashiro, R., ve Kim, J. H. (2004). College students' money beliefs and behaviors: An Asian perspective. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 25(4), 469-481. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-004-5491-z
  • Moore, D. L. (2003). Survey of financial literacy in Washington State: Knowledge, behavior, attitudes, and experiences. Technical Report 03-39. Washington, DC: Social and Economic Sciences Research Center, Washington State University.
  • Özgen, Ö., ve Bayoğlu, A. S. (2005). Turkish college students’ attitudes towards money. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 29(6), 493-501. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2005.00417.x
  • Pereira, M. C., ve Coelho, F. (2020). Regulatory focus, money attitudes and financial literacy: Evidence from Portuguese young adults. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 41(4), 615– 625. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-020-09662-3
  • Pham, M. T., ve Higgins, E. T. (2005). Promotion and prevention in consumer decision-making: The state of the art and theoretical propositions. In S. Ratneshwar & D. G. Mick (Eds.), Inside consumption: Consumer motives, goals, and desires (Vol. 1, pp. 36). London: Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Roberts, J. A., ve Jones, E. (2001). Money attitudes, credit card use, and compulsive buying among American college students. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 35(2), 213-240. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.2001.tb00111.x
  • Seibt, B., ve Förster, J. (2004). Stereotype threat and performance: How self-stereotypes influence processing by inducing regulatory foci. Journal of personality and social psychology, 87(1), 38. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.1.38
  • Shim, S., Serido, J., ve Xiao, J. J. (2009). Arizona pathways to life success for university students (APLUS): Cultivating positive financial attitudes and behaviors for healthy adulthood. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1070&context=hdf_facpubs
  • Tang, T. L.-P. (1992). The meaning of money revisited. Journal of organizational behavior, 13(2), 197-202. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/2488183
  • Totenhagen, C. J., Wilmarth, M. J., Serido, J., Curran, M. A., ve Shim, S. (2019). Pathways from financial knowledge to relationship satisfaction: The roles of financial behaviors, perceived shared financial values with the romantic partner, and debt. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 40(3), 423-437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-019-09611-9
  • Van Rooij, M., Lusardi, A., ve Alessie, R. (2011). Financial literacy and stock market participation. Journal of Financial economics, 101(2), 449-472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2011.03.006
  • Vaughan, G., ve Hogg, M. A. (2005). Social psychology: An introduction. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
  • Xiao, J. J., Sorhaindo, B., ve Garman, E. T. (2006). Financial behaviours of consumers in credit counselling. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 30(2), 108-121. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2005.00455.x
  • Yamauchi, K. T., ve Templer, D. J. (1982). The development of a money attitude scale. Journal of personality assessment, 46(5), 522-528.
Year 2022, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 385 - 404, 29.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.1095237

Abstract

References

  • Altunişik, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S., ve Yildirim, E. (2007). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Sakarya: Sakarya Kitabevi.
  • Atkinson, A., ve Messy, F.-A. (2012). Measuring financial literacy: Results of the OECD/International Network on Financial Education (INFE) pilot study. OECD Working Papers on Finance, Insurance and Private Pensions 15, OECD.
  • Atta, Y. F. O., ve Sayılır, Ö. (2019). Money attitude and saving intentions of young adults in Turkey. H. Bal (Ed.), Economics and Politics (s. 77-90) içinde. Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi
  • Belk, R. W., ve Wallendorf, M. (1990). The sacred meanings of money. Journal of Economic Psychology, 11(1), 35-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4870(90)90046-C
  • Brandstätter, E., ve Brandstätter, H. (1996). What's money worth? Determinants of the subjective value of money. Journal of Economic Psychology, 17(4), 443-464. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4870(96)00019-0
  • Brockner, J., ve Higgins, E. T. (2001). Regulatory focus theory: Implications for the study of emotions at work. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 86(1), 35-66. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.2001.2972
  • Brougham, R. R., Jacobs‐Lawson, J. M., Hershey, D. A., & Trujillo, K. M. (2011). Who pays your debt? An important question for understanding compulsive buying among American college students. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 35(1), 79-85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2010.00923.x
  • Chen, H., ve Volpe, R. P. (1998). An analysis of personal financial literacy among college students. Financial services review, 7(2), 107-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1057-0810(99)80006-7
  • Collins, J. M. (2011). Mortgage mistakes? Demographic factors associated with problematic loan application behaviors. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 32(4), 586-599. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-011-9276-x
  • Crowe, E., ve Higgins, E. T. (1997). Regulatory focus and strategic inclinations: Promotion and prevention in decision-making. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 69(2), 117-132. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1996.2675
  • Fernandes, D., Lynch Jr, J. G., ve Netemeyer, R. G. (2014). Financial literacy, financial education, and downstream financial behaviors. Management Science, 60(8), 1861-1883. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2013.1849
  • Florack, A., Keller, J., ve Palcu, J. (2013). Regulatory focus in economic contexts. Journal of Economic Psychology, 38, 127-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2013.06.001
  • Förster, J., ve Higgins, E. T. (2005). How global versus local perception fits regulatory focus. Psychological science, 16(8), 631-636. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01586.x
  • Furnham, A. (1984). Many sides of the coin: The psychology of money usage. Personality and individual Differences, 5(5), 501-509. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(84)90025-4
  • Furnham, A., ve Argyle, M. (1998). The psychology of money. London: Routledge.
  • Gambetti, E., & Giusberti, F. (2012). The effect of anger and anxiety traits on investment decisions. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(6), 1059-1069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2012.07.001
  • Garðarsdóttir, R. B., ve Dittmar, H. (2012). The relationship of materialism to debt and financial well-being: The case of Iceland’s perceived prosperity. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(3), 471-481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2011.12.008
  • Gillen, M., ve Kim, H. (2014). Older adults’ receipt of financial help: Does personality matter? Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 35(2), 178-189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-013-9365-0
  • Goldberg, H., ve Lewis, R. T. (2000). Money Madness: The Psychology of Saving, Spending, Loving, and Hating Money: Wellness Institute/Self-Help Books, LLC.
  • Gürbüz, S. (2019). AMOS ile yapısal eşitlik modellemesi. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Hanley, A., ve Wilhelm, M. S. (1992). Compulsive buying: An exploration into self-esteem and money attitudes. Journal of Economic Psychology, 13(1), 5-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4870(92)90049-D
  • Hastings, J. S., Madrian, B. C., & Skimmyhorn, W. L. (2013). Financial literacy, financial education, and economic outcomes. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-economics-082312-125807
  • Higgins, E. T. (1998). Promotion and prevention: Regulatory focus as a motivational principle. Advances in experimental social psychology, 30, 1-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60381-0
  • Higgins, E. T. (2006). Value from hedonic experience and engagement. Psychological Review, 113(3), 439. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.113.3.439
  • Hogarth, J. M., Beverly, S. G., ve Hilgert, M. (2003). Patterns of financial behaviors: Implications for community educators and policy makers. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.196.5257
  • Holzmann, R. (2010). Bringing financial literacy and education to low and middle income countries: The need to review, adjust, and extend current wisdom. IZA Discussion Paper Series, No. 5114. World Bank.
  • Huddleston-Casas, C. A., Danes, S. M., ve Boyce, L. (1999). Impact evaluation of a financial literacy program: Evidence for needed educational policy changes. Consumer Interests Annual, 45(6). Retrieved from https://www.consumerinterests.org/assets/docs/cia1999/huddleston-casasdanesboyce.pdf
  • Joo, S.-h., ve Grable, J. E. (2004). An exploratory framework of the determinants of financial satisfaction. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 25(1), 25-50. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JEEI.0000016722.37994.9f
  • Kalaycı, Ş., Albayrak, A., Eroğlu, A., Küçüksille, E., Ak, B., Karaltı, M., ve Öztürk, E. (2005). SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri. Ankara: Asil Yayın Dağıtım Ltd.
  • Kark, R., ve Van Dijk, D. (2007). Motivation to lead, motivation to follow: The role of the self-regulatory focus in leadership processes. Academy of management review, 32(2), 500-528. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.24351846
  • Klenk, M. M., Strauman, T. J., ve Higgins, E. T. (2011). Regulatory focus and anxiety: A self-regulatory model of GAD-depression comorbidity. Personality and individual Differences, 50(7), 935-943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.12.003
  • Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Publications.
  • Krueger, D. W. (1986). The last taboo: Money as symbol and reality in psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. New York: Brunel/Mazel.
  • Lim, V. K., Teo, T. S., ve Loo, G. L. (2003). Sex, financial hardship and locus of control: an empirical study of attitudes towards money among Singaporean Chinese. Personality and individual Differences, 34(3), 411-429. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00063-6
  • Lockwood, P., Jordan, C. H., ve Kunda, Z. (2002). Motivation by positive or negative role models: regulatory focus determines who will best inspire us. Journal of personality and social psychology, 83(4), 854. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.83.4.854
  • Lown, J. M., Kim, J., Gutter, M. S., ve Hunt, A.-T. (2015). Self-efficacy and savings among middle and low income households. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 36(4), 491-502. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-014-9419-y
  • Lusardi, A. (2008). Financial literacy: an essential tool for informed consumer choice?. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series. Retrieved from https://www.nber.org/papers/w14084
  • Lusardi, A., ve Mitchell, O. S. (2008). Planning and financial literacy: How do women fare? American Economic Review, 98(2), 413-417. https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.98.2.413
  • Mandell, L., ve Klein, L. S. (2007). Motivation and financial literacy. Financial services review, 16(2). 105–116. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/openview/d10b89092db2fd4db6fa474537b831da/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=31458
  • Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human behavior. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370-396.
  • Masuo, D. M., Malroutu, Y. L., Hanashiro, R., ve Kim, J. H. (2004). College students' money beliefs and behaviors: An Asian perspective. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 25(4), 469-481. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-004-5491-z
  • Moore, D. L. (2003). Survey of financial literacy in Washington State: Knowledge, behavior, attitudes, and experiences. Technical Report 03-39. Washington, DC: Social and Economic Sciences Research Center, Washington State University.
  • Özgen, Ö., ve Bayoğlu, A. S. (2005). Turkish college students’ attitudes towards money. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 29(6), 493-501. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2005.00417.x
  • Pereira, M. C., ve Coelho, F. (2020). Regulatory focus, money attitudes and financial literacy: Evidence from Portuguese young adults. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 41(4), 615– 625. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-020-09662-3
  • Pham, M. T., ve Higgins, E. T. (2005). Promotion and prevention in consumer decision-making: The state of the art and theoretical propositions. In S. Ratneshwar & D. G. Mick (Eds.), Inside consumption: Consumer motives, goals, and desires (Vol. 1, pp. 36). London: Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Roberts, J. A., ve Jones, E. (2001). Money attitudes, credit card use, and compulsive buying among American college students. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 35(2), 213-240. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.2001.tb00111.x
  • Seibt, B., ve Förster, J. (2004). Stereotype threat and performance: How self-stereotypes influence processing by inducing regulatory foci. Journal of personality and social psychology, 87(1), 38. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.1.38
  • Shim, S., Serido, J., ve Xiao, J. J. (2009). Arizona pathways to life success for university students (APLUS): Cultivating positive financial attitudes and behaviors for healthy adulthood. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1070&context=hdf_facpubs
  • Tang, T. L.-P. (1992). The meaning of money revisited. Journal of organizational behavior, 13(2), 197-202. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/2488183
  • Totenhagen, C. J., Wilmarth, M. J., Serido, J., Curran, M. A., ve Shim, S. (2019). Pathways from financial knowledge to relationship satisfaction: The roles of financial behaviors, perceived shared financial values with the romantic partner, and debt. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 40(3), 423-437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-019-09611-9
  • Van Rooij, M., Lusardi, A., ve Alessie, R. (2011). Financial literacy and stock market participation. Journal of Financial economics, 101(2), 449-472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2011.03.006
  • Vaughan, G., ve Hogg, M. A. (2005). Social psychology: An introduction. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
  • Xiao, J. J., Sorhaindo, B., ve Garman, E. T. (2006). Financial behaviours of consumers in credit counselling. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 30(2), 108-121. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2005.00455.x
  • Yamauchi, K. T., ve Templer, D. J. (1982). The development of a money attitude scale. Journal of personality assessment, 46(5), 522-528.
There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Durmuş Yıldırım This is me

Adem Özbek

Publication Date March 29, 2022
Submission Date August 27, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 22 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yıldırım, D., & Özbek, A. (2022). The Relationship between Prevention Focus, Money Attitude and Financial Behavior. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(1), 385-404. https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.1095237

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