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African Continental Free Trade Area: Does It Have Potential in Foreign Trade for Türkiye?

Year 2024, Volume: 24 Issue: 3, 1295 - 1316, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.1448884

Abstract

The African Continental Free Trade Area (AFCFTA) is a free trade agreement established in 2018, which currently has 55 members and covers almost all African countries. AFCFTA is the free trade area with the most members in the world. Purpose of the agreement: By creating a single trade area on the African continent, the continent's economic potential can be fully revealed through trade. During the Republic period, the diplomatic and trade relations between Turkey and African countries remained weak due to the region's colonization and the subsequent Cold War conjuncture. Turkey's approach to the African continent changed with the "Africa Action Plan" adopted in 1998, and diplomatic and commercial relations began to increase. Turkey became an observer in the African Union in 2005 and a strategic partner in 2008. As a reflection of this, commercial ties between Türkiye and African countries are rapidly increasing today. Purpose of the study: The aim is to examine Turkey's commercial ties with the AFCFTA, which has entered into force in the African continent, with a special emphasis on the Medium Term Program (2023-2025) and 2023 Turkey Export Strategy and Action Plans. The study examined the period 2014-2023, and Bilateral Concentration in Trade and Sectoral Bilateral Trade Concentration Indices in Exports and Imports were used. As a result, it was concluded that strengthening Turkey's commercial ties with the agreement countries will help Turkey diversify its foreign trade and increase energy, raw materials, and food security.

References

  • Abrego, M. L., Amado, M. A., Gursoy, T., Nicholls, G. P. ve Perez-Saiz, H. (2019). The African continental free trade agreement: welfare gains estimates from a general equilibrium model. International Monetary Fund, 124(1), 1-32. Erişim adresi: https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2019/06/07/The-African-Continental-Free-Trade-Agreement-Welfare-Gains-Estimates-from-a-General-46881
  • Abrego, M. L., Zamaroczy, M. M. de, Gursoy, T., Nicholls, G. P., Perez-Saiz, H. ve Rosas, J.-N. (2020). The African continental free trade area: Potential economic impact and challenges. International Monetary Fund, 4(1), 1-40. Erişim adresi: https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Staff-Discussion-Notes/Issues/2020/05/13/The-African-Continental-Free-Trade-Area-Potential-Economic-Impact-and-Challenges-46235
  • Afrika Kalkınma Bankası. (2019). African economic outlook 2019: Africa growth prospects remain steady, industry should lead growth. African Development Bank Group, 1(1), 1-214. Erişim adresi: https://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/african-economic-outlook-2019-africa-growth-prospects-remain-steady-industry-should-lead-growth-18925
  • African Union. (2019). African continental free trade area: Questions & answers. African Union, 1(2), 1-15. Erişim adresi: https://repository.uneca.org/handle/10855/43253
  • Akeyewale, R. (2018). Winners and losers in Africa’s continental free trade area. International Trade Forum, 4(1), 14-15. doi.org/10.18356/15645304-2018-4-6
  • Albert, T. (2018). The African continental free trade agreement opportunities and challenges. CUTS International, 15(1), 1-15. Erişim adresi: https://unctad.org/publication/african-continental-free-trade-area-challenges-and-opportunities-tariff-reductions
  • Arslan, A. (2023). İlkçağ felsefe tarihi 1 / Sokrates-öncesi Yunan felsefesi. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları.
  • Ateş, E. ve Di̇lekoğlu, S. (2021). Türkiye’nin dış ticaret çeşitlendirmesinde yeni bir pazar: Avrasya ekonomik birliği. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 10(1), 253-271. doi.org/10.33206/mjss.760859
  • Ateş, E. ve Seymen, A. D. (2019). Türkiye’nin imzaladığı serbest ticaret anlaşmaları: iki yanlısektörel bir analiz ve dış ticaret politikası açısından bir değerlendirme. Sosyoekonomi, 27(42), 255-282. doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2019.04.14
  • Chauvin, N. ve Ramos, P. (2016). Trade, growth, and welfare impacts of the CFTA in Africa. CSAE Conference 2017: Economic Development in Africa, 1(1), 1-47. Erişim adresi: http://hesso.tind.io/record/2006/files/Depetris-Chauvin_2017_trade_growth_welfare.pdf
  • Cofelice, A. (2018). African continental free trade area: Opportunities and challenges. The Federalist Debate, 31(3), 32-35. doi.org/10.2478/tfd-2018-0032
  • Freire, C. ve Slany, A. (2023). Realizing product diversification for structural change in African countries, Working Paper, No. 5, 5(1), 1-34. Erişim adresi: https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/wp-2023d4-no5_en.pdf
  • Gachuiri, E. (2021). African continental free trade area phase II negotiations: A space for a competition protocol?, UNCTAD Research Paper No. 56, 56(1), 1-28. Erişim adresi: https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/ser-rp-2020d15_en.pdf
  • İstiklal, D. (2022, Şubat 26). Türkiye’nin Afrika politikası. SETA. Erişim adresi: https://www.setav.org/turkiyenin-afrika-politikasi/
  • Karagül, S. ve Arslan, İ. (2013). Türkiye’nin Afrika açılım politikası: Tarihsel arka plan, stratejik ortaklık ve geleceği. Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika, 9(35), 21-55. Erişim adresi: https://search.trdizin.gov.tr/tr/yayin/detay/157936
  • Kuhlmann, K. ve Agutu, A. L. (2019). The African continental free trade area: Toward a new legal model for trade and development. Georgetown Journal of International Law, 51(4), 753-808. Erişim adresi: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3599438
  • Lindberg, L. N. (1963). The political dynamics of european economic integration. Kaliforniya: Stanford University Press, Stanford.
  • Moussa, M. H. (2020). Afrika’nın ekonomik bütünleşmesine giden yol: Afrika kıtasal serbest ticaret antlaşması. Akdeniz Havzası ve Afrika Medeniyetleri Dergisi, 2(2), 37-50. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/akaf/issue/58349/817831
  • Obeng-Odoom, F. (2020). The african continental free trade area. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 79(1), 167-197. doi.org/10.1111/ajes.12317
  • Oladotun, A. (2022). Cost and benefit effects of african contınental free trade area (AFCFTA) for ECOWAS countries. International Journal of Business Review and Entrepreneurship, 3(1), 73-80. Erişim adresi: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361424713_COST_AND_BENEFIT_EFFECTS_OF_AFRICAN_ CONTINENTAL_FREE_TRADE_AREA_AFCFTA_FOR_ECOWAS_COUNTRIES
  • Omphemetse S. ve Sibanda, S. (2021). The advent of the african continental free trade agreement as a tool for development. Foreign Trade Review, 56(2), 216-224. doi.org/10.1177/0015732521995171
  • Parshotam, A. (2018). Can the African continental free trade area offer a new beginning for trade in Africa? South African Institute of International Affairs, 28(1), 1-26. Erişim adresi: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327629724_Can_the_African_Continental_Free_Trade_Area_offer_a_new_beginning_for_trade_in_Africa
  • Resmi Gazete. (2012). Başbakanlık Mevzuatı Geliştirme ve Yayın Genel Müdürlüğü. Erişim adresi: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/06/20120613-31.htm
  • Resmi Gazete. (2023). Orta Vadeli Program (2023-2025). Erişim adresi: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/orta-vadeli-program-2023-2025-aciklandi/
  • Saygili, M., Peters, R. ve Knebel, C. (2018). African continental free trade area: challenges and opportunities of tariff reductions. UNCTAD blue series papers, 82(1), 1-23. Erişim adresi: https://ideas.repec.org//p/unc/blupap/82.html
  • Seyidoğlu, H. (2003). Uluslararası iktisat: Teori, politika ve uygulama. İstanbul: Güzem Yayınları.
  • Simo, R. Y. (2020). Trade in services in the African continental free trade area: prospects, challenges and WTO compatibility. Journal of International Economic Law, 23(1), 65-95. doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgz031
  • Songwe, V., MacLeod, J. ve Karingi, S. N. (2021). The African continental free trade area: a historical moment for development in Africa. Journal of African Trade, 8(2), 12-23. doi.org/10.2991/jat.k.211208.001
  • Şanli, B. (2010). Ekonomik entegrasyon teorisi çerçevesinde Avrasya Birliği’nin olabilirliği. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 22(1), 13-30. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/atauniiibd/issue/2693/35433
  • T.C Dışişleri Bakanlığı. (2023). Türkiye-Afrika ilişkileri. Erişim adresi: https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-afrika-iliskileri.tr.mfa
  • Türk Dil Kurumu. (2024, Şubat). Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlüğü. Erişim adresi: https://sozluk.gov.tr/?kelime=entegrasyon
  • UNCTAD. (2018a). From regional economic communities to a continental free trade area. UNCTAD Policy Brief, 2(1), 1-46. Erişim adresi: https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/webditc2017d1_en.pdf
  • UNCTAD. (2018b). The African continental free trade area: the day after the Kigali summit. UNCTAD Policy Brief, 67(1), 1-4. Erişim adresi: https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/presspb2018d4_en.pdf
  • UNCTAD. (2020). Designing trade liberalization in africa: modalities for tariff negotiations towards an African continental free trade area. UNCTAD Policy Brief, 4(1), 1-61. Erişim adresi: https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/ditctncd2019d4_en.pdf
  • UNCTAD. (2022). Economic development in Africa: reaping the potential benefits of the African continental free trade area for inclusive growth. UNCTAD Policy Brief, 1(1), 1-15. Erişim adresi: https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/tdb69_d2_en.pdf
  • United Nations. (2023). Economic development in africa report 2023: The potential of Africa to capture technology-ıntensive global supply chains. UNCTAD Policy Brief, 1(1) Erişim adresi: https://unctad.org/publication/economic-development-africa-report-2023
  • United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. (2019). Assessing regional integration in Africa ARIA IX: Next steps for the African continental free trade area. UNCTAD Policy Brief, 2(1), doi.org/10.18356/9789210042994
  • World Bank. (2020). The African continental free trade area: Economic and distributional effects. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1559-1
  • Zongo, A. M. I. ve Oyelami, L. (2021). Modeling the impact of non-tariff barriers in services on intra-african trade: Global trade analysis project model. SSRN Electronic Journal, 8(1),1-30. doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3854631

Afrika Kıtası Serbest Ticaret Alanı: Türkiye Açısından Dış Ticarette Potansiyel Barındırıyor Mu?

Year 2024, Volume: 24 Issue: 3, 1295 - 1316, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.1448884

Abstract

Afrika Kıtası Serbest Ticaret Alanı (AFCFTA) 2018 yılında kurulmuş, günümüzde 55 üyesi olan ve neredeyse tüm Afrika ülkelerini kapsayan bir serbest ticaret anlaşmasıdır. AFCFTA, dünyanın en fazla üyesi olan serbest ticaret bölgesidir. Anlaşmanın amacı; Afrika kıtasında tek bir ticaret alanı oluşturarak ticaret yoluyla kıtanın ekonomik potansiyelinin tam olarak ortaya çıkartılmasıdır. Cumhuriyet döneminde bölgenin sömürgeleştirilmiş olması ve sonrasında Soğuk Savaş konjonktürü nedeniyle Türkiye ile Afrika ülkelerinin diplomatik ve ticareti bağları zayıf kalmıştır. Türkiye’nin Afrika kıtasına yaklaşımı 1998 yılında kabul edilen “Afrika Eylem Planı” ile değişmiş ve hem diplomatik hem de ticari ilişkiler artmaya başlamıştır. Türkiye 2005 yılında Afrika Birliği’nde gözlemci, 2008 yılında ise stratejik ortak unvanı almıştır. Bunun bir yansıması olarak, günümüzde Türkiye ile Afrika ülkelerinin ticari bağları hızla artmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı; Orta Vadeli Program (2023-2025) ve 2023 Türkiye İhracat Stratejisi ve Eylem Planlarında özel vurgu yapılmış olan Afrika kıtasında yürürlüğe girmiş olan AFCFTA ile Türkiye’nin ticari bağlarını incelemektir. Çalışmada 2014-2023 dönemi Türkiye ile AFCFTA ülkelerinin ticari ilişkileri ihracat, ithalat ve doğrudan yabancı yatırım verileriyle yıllık olarak incelenmiş ve Ticarette İki Yanlı (Bilateral) Yoğunlaşma ve İhracat ve İthalatta Sektörel İki Yanlı (Bilateral) Ticaret Yoğunlaşma Endeksleri kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, anlaşma ülkeleri ile Türkiye’nin ticari bağlarının kuvvetlenmesi, Türkiye’nin dış ticarette ülke çeşitlendirmesi yapmasına ve enerji, hammadde ve gıda güvenliğini artırmasına yardım edeceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

References

  • Abrego, M. L., Amado, M. A., Gursoy, T., Nicholls, G. P. ve Perez-Saiz, H. (2019). The African continental free trade agreement: welfare gains estimates from a general equilibrium model. International Monetary Fund, 124(1), 1-32. Erişim adresi: https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2019/06/07/The-African-Continental-Free-Trade-Agreement-Welfare-Gains-Estimates-from-a-General-46881
  • Abrego, M. L., Zamaroczy, M. M. de, Gursoy, T., Nicholls, G. P., Perez-Saiz, H. ve Rosas, J.-N. (2020). The African continental free trade area: Potential economic impact and challenges. International Monetary Fund, 4(1), 1-40. Erişim adresi: https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Staff-Discussion-Notes/Issues/2020/05/13/The-African-Continental-Free-Trade-Area-Potential-Economic-Impact-and-Challenges-46235
  • Afrika Kalkınma Bankası. (2019). African economic outlook 2019: Africa growth prospects remain steady, industry should lead growth. African Development Bank Group, 1(1), 1-214. Erişim adresi: https://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/african-economic-outlook-2019-africa-growth-prospects-remain-steady-industry-should-lead-growth-18925
  • African Union. (2019). African continental free trade area: Questions & answers. African Union, 1(2), 1-15. Erişim adresi: https://repository.uneca.org/handle/10855/43253
  • Akeyewale, R. (2018). Winners and losers in Africa’s continental free trade area. International Trade Forum, 4(1), 14-15. doi.org/10.18356/15645304-2018-4-6
  • Albert, T. (2018). The African continental free trade agreement opportunities and challenges. CUTS International, 15(1), 1-15. Erişim adresi: https://unctad.org/publication/african-continental-free-trade-area-challenges-and-opportunities-tariff-reductions
  • Arslan, A. (2023). İlkçağ felsefe tarihi 1 / Sokrates-öncesi Yunan felsefesi. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları.
  • Ateş, E. ve Di̇lekoğlu, S. (2021). Türkiye’nin dış ticaret çeşitlendirmesinde yeni bir pazar: Avrasya ekonomik birliği. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 10(1), 253-271. doi.org/10.33206/mjss.760859
  • Ateş, E. ve Seymen, A. D. (2019). Türkiye’nin imzaladığı serbest ticaret anlaşmaları: iki yanlısektörel bir analiz ve dış ticaret politikası açısından bir değerlendirme. Sosyoekonomi, 27(42), 255-282. doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2019.04.14
  • Chauvin, N. ve Ramos, P. (2016). Trade, growth, and welfare impacts of the CFTA in Africa. CSAE Conference 2017: Economic Development in Africa, 1(1), 1-47. Erişim adresi: http://hesso.tind.io/record/2006/files/Depetris-Chauvin_2017_trade_growth_welfare.pdf
  • Cofelice, A. (2018). African continental free trade area: Opportunities and challenges. The Federalist Debate, 31(3), 32-35. doi.org/10.2478/tfd-2018-0032
  • Freire, C. ve Slany, A. (2023). Realizing product diversification for structural change in African countries, Working Paper, No. 5, 5(1), 1-34. Erişim adresi: https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/wp-2023d4-no5_en.pdf
  • Gachuiri, E. (2021). African continental free trade area phase II negotiations: A space for a competition protocol?, UNCTAD Research Paper No. 56, 56(1), 1-28. Erişim adresi: https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/ser-rp-2020d15_en.pdf
  • İstiklal, D. (2022, Şubat 26). Türkiye’nin Afrika politikası. SETA. Erişim adresi: https://www.setav.org/turkiyenin-afrika-politikasi/
  • Karagül, S. ve Arslan, İ. (2013). Türkiye’nin Afrika açılım politikası: Tarihsel arka plan, stratejik ortaklık ve geleceği. Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika, 9(35), 21-55. Erişim adresi: https://search.trdizin.gov.tr/tr/yayin/detay/157936
  • Kuhlmann, K. ve Agutu, A. L. (2019). The African continental free trade area: Toward a new legal model for trade and development. Georgetown Journal of International Law, 51(4), 753-808. Erişim adresi: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3599438
  • Lindberg, L. N. (1963). The political dynamics of european economic integration. Kaliforniya: Stanford University Press, Stanford.
  • Moussa, M. H. (2020). Afrika’nın ekonomik bütünleşmesine giden yol: Afrika kıtasal serbest ticaret antlaşması. Akdeniz Havzası ve Afrika Medeniyetleri Dergisi, 2(2), 37-50. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/akaf/issue/58349/817831
  • Obeng-Odoom, F. (2020). The african continental free trade area. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 79(1), 167-197. doi.org/10.1111/ajes.12317
  • Oladotun, A. (2022). Cost and benefit effects of african contınental free trade area (AFCFTA) for ECOWAS countries. International Journal of Business Review and Entrepreneurship, 3(1), 73-80. Erişim adresi: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361424713_COST_AND_BENEFIT_EFFECTS_OF_AFRICAN_ CONTINENTAL_FREE_TRADE_AREA_AFCFTA_FOR_ECOWAS_COUNTRIES
  • Omphemetse S. ve Sibanda, S. (2021). The advent of the african continental free trade agreement as a tool for development. Foreign Trade Review, 56(2), 216-224. doi.org/10.1177/0015732521995171
  • Parshotam, A. (2018). Can the African continental free trade area offer a new beginning for trade in Africa? South African Institute of International Affairs, 28(1), 1-26. Erişim adresi: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327629724_Can_the_African_Continental_Free_Trade_Area_offer_a_new_beginning_for_trade_in_Africa
  • Resmi Gazete. (2012). Başbakanlık Mevzuatı Geliştirme ve Yayın Genel Müdürlüğü. Erişim adresi: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/06/20120613-31.htm
  • Resmi Gazete. (2023). Orta Vadeli Program (2023-2025). Erişim adresi: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/orta-vadeli-program-2023-2025-aciklandi/
  • Saygili, M., Peters, R. ve Knebel, C. (2018). African continental free trade area: challenges and opportunities of tariff reductions. UNCTAD blue series papers, 82(1), 1-23. Erişim adresi: https://ideas.repec.org//p/unc/blupap/82.html
  • Seyidoğlu, H. (2003). Uluslararası iktisat: Teori, politika ve uygulama. İstanbul: Güzem Yayınları.
  • Simo, R. Y. (2020). Trade in services in the African continental free trade area: prospects, challenges and WTO compatibility. Journal of International Economic Law, 23(1), 65-95. doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgz031
  • Songwe, V., MacLeod, J. ve Karingi, S. N. (2021). The African continental free trade area: a historical moment for development in Africa. Journal of African Trade, 8(2), 12-23. doi.org/10.2991/jat.k.211208.001
  • Şanli, B. (2010). Ekonomik entegrasyon teorisi çerçevesinde Avrasya Birliği’nin olabilirliği. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 22(1), 13-30. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/atauniiibd/issue/2693/35433
  • T.C Dışişleri Bakanlığı. (2023). Türkiye-Afrika ilişkileri. Erişim adresi: https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkiye-afrika-iliskileri.tr.mfa
  • Türk Dil Kurumu. (2024, Şubat). Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlüğü. Erişim adresi: https://sozluk.gov.tr/?kelime=entegrasyon
  • UNCTAD. (2018a). From regional economic communities to a continental free trade area. UNCTAD Policy Brief, 2(1), 1-46. Erişim adresi: https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/webditc2017d1_en.pdf
  • UNCTAD. (2018b). The African continental free trade area: the day after the Kigali summit. UNCTAD Policy Brief, 67(1), 1-4. Erişim adresi: https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/presspb2018d4_en.pdf
  • UNCTAD. (2020). Designing trade liberalization in africa: modalities for tariff negotiations towards an African continental free trade area. UNCTAD Policy Brief, 4(1), 1-61. Erişim adresi: https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/ditctncd2019d4_en.pdf
  • UNCTAD. (2022). Economic development in Africa: reaping the potential benefits of the African continental free trade area for inclusive growth. UNCTAD Policy Brief, 1(1), 1-15. Erişim adresi: https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/tdb69_d2_en.pdf
  • United Nations. (2023). Economic development in africa report 2023: The potential of Africa to capture technology-ıntensive global supply chains. UNCTAD Policy Brief, 1(1) Erişim adresi: https://unctad.org/publication/economic-development-africa-report-2023
  • United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. (2019). Assessing regional integration in Africa ARIA IX: Next steps for the African continental free trade area. UNCTAD Policy Brief, 2(1), doi.org/10.18356/9789210042994
  • World Bank. (2020). The African continental free trade area: Economic and distributional effects. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1559-1
  • Zongo, A. M. I. ve Oyelami, L. (2021). Modeling the impact of non-tariff barriers in services on intra-african trade: Global trade analysis project model. SSRN Electronic Journal, 8(1),1-30. doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3854631
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Economic Foundation, Regional Development and Globalisation in International Economics, Economic Integration, International Trade Organizations
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Erdem Ateş 0000-0003-1459-9555

Publication Date September 30, 2024
Submission Date March 8, 2024
Acceptance Date September 6, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 24 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Ateş, E. (2024). Afrika Kıtası Serbest Ticaret Alanı: Türkiye Açısından Dış Ticarette Potansiyel Barındırıyor Mu?. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 24(3), 1295-1316. https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.1448884

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