Araştırma Makalesi
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Yüze Kozmetik Müdahale Pratik Alanında Tıp-Piyasa-Siyaset İlişkiselliği

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4, 1453 - 1474, 23.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.1518400

Öz

Neoliberal iktisadın kamu hizmetini bir piyasa ilişkisine dönüştürmesi sonucunda, dünyanın birçok yerinde olduğu gibi, Türkiye’de de sağlık alanı önemli ölçüde kapitalist bir anlayışla yeniden yapılandırılmıştır. Bu süreçle uyumlu olarak, sınırları bilimsel ölçütlerle oluştuğu varsayılan tıp uzmanlık dalları, özellikle değişim değeri yüksek, rekabetçi karaktere sahip, serbest piyasa metâı olabilen işlemlerin yetki sınırlarındaki çatışmalar nedeniyle tartışmalı hâle gelmektedir. Teknolojik yeniliklerin de katkısıyla, tıp uzmanlık alanlarının yapılanmış yetki sınırları hem bilimsel anlamda hem pratikte belirsiz bir alan oluşturmaktadır. Sağlığın rekabetçi piyasa cinsinden tanımlanması, daha önce birbirlerinin pratik alanına yaygın olarak girmeyen tıp uzmanlık dallarının, bu sınırları sıklıkla ihlal etmesi sonucunu doğurmuştur. Tıp uzmanlık dallarının yetki çatışmaları bedenin birçok bölümünde mevcuttur. Ancak bunların arasında, kozmetik yönelimi olan işlemler daha belirgin çatışmalara neden olmaktadır. Kozmetik yönelimli tıbbî işlemlerin önemli bir kısmı yüz üzerinde yapılmaktadır. Bu nedenle, yüze müdahale etme yetkisine sahip başlıca üç tıp uzmanlık dalının (Dermatoloji, K.B.B., Plastik Cerrahi) temsilcilerinin, yetki sınırı ihlalleri konusundaki deneyimlerini anlamaya yönelik bir araştırma tasarlayıp yürüttük. Araştırma sonucunda, karmaşık ve belirsiz bir yüze müdahale pratik alanının varlığı ortaya konmuştur. Alanın belirsizliği, istenmeyen ya da öngörülmeyen bir sonuç değil, neoliberal sağlık piyasasının çalışma mantığı olarak teşhis edilmiştir. Yüzün araştırma sahası olarak seçilmesinin bir diğer önemli nedeni, akışkan modernlik ortamında görselliğin bir hakikat rejimi hâline gelmesi, görünümün, varoluşun kendisine dönüşmesi olarak ayrıştırılabilir. Bu makale, belirsizliğin temel ilke olduğu yüze müdahale pratik alanındaki aktörlerin yalnızca tıp uzmanları olmadığını, bir dizi ekonomik ve siyasî aktörün de bu karmaşık ilişkiler ağının bileşenleri olduğunu tartışmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Ağartan, T. (2007). Sağlıkta reform salgını. Ç. Keyder, N. Üstündağ, T. Ağartan ve Ç. Yoltar (Ed.), Avrupa’da ve Türkiye’de sağlık politikaları: Reformlar, sorunlar, tartışmalar içinde (s. 37-55). İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Ağartan, T. (2012). Marketization and universalism: Crafting the right balance in the Turkish healthcare system. Current Sociology, 60(4), 456–471. doi:10.1177/0011392112438331
  • Aquino Y. S. J. (2022). Pathologizing ugliness: A conceptual analysis of the naturalist and normativist claims in "Aesthetic Pathology". The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 47(6), 735–748. doi:10.1093/jmp/jhac039
  • Askegaard, S.; Gertsen, M. C. and Langer, R. (2002). The body consumed: Reflexivity and cosmetic surgery. Psychology&Marketing, 19(10), 793-812. doi: 10.1002/mar.10038
  • Atalay, A. S. (2017). Sağlıkta piyasalaşma ve kamu-özel ortaklığı. G. Yenimahalleli Yaşar, Ö. Birler ve A. Göksel (Ed.), Türkiye’de Sağlık, Siyaset, Piyasa içinde (s. 57-85). İstanbul: Notabene Yayınları.
  • Au, A. (2022). Consumer logics and the relational performance of selling high-risk goods: the case of elective cosmetic surgery. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 43(9/10), 853-869. doi: 10.1108/IJSSP-07-2022-0180
  • Bambra, C., Fox, D. and Scott-Samuel, A. (2005). Towards a politics of health. Health Promotion International, 20(2), 187-193. doi:10.1093/heapro/dah608
  • Boudon, R. (1977). Effets pervers et ordre social, Paris: P.U.F.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1979). La Distinction: critique sociale du jugement. Paris: Les Éditions de Minuit.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1980). Le sens pratique. Paris: Les Éditions de Minuit.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. J. G. Richardson (Ed.), In Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education (s. 241-58). Westport: Greenwood.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1988). Les règles de l'art: genèse et structure du champ littéraire. Paris: Éditions du Seuil.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1997). Méditations pascaliennes. Paris: Seuil.
  • Brown, W. (2003). Neo-liberalism and the end of liberal democracy. Theory & Event, 7(1), 15-18. doi: 10.1353/tae.2003.0020
  • Brown, W. (2015). “What exactly is neoliberalism?” Wendy Brown interviewed by Timothy Shenk. Dissent Magazine. Erişim adresi: http://www.dissentmagazine.org/blog/booked-3-what-exactly-is-neoliberalism-wendy-brown-undoing-the-demos
  • Buğra, A. ve Savaşkan, O. (2014). Türkiye’de yeni kapitalizm: Siyaset, din ve iş dünyası. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Burri, R. V. (2008). Doing distinctions: Boundary work and symbolic capital in radiology. Social Studies of Science, 38(1), 35-62. doi:10.1177/0306312707082021
  • Castel, P. (2009). What’s behind a guideline? Social Studies of Science, 39(5), 743-764. doi: 10.1177/0306312709104435
  • Chopra, R. (2003). Neoliberalism as doxa: Bourdieu's theory of the state and the contemporary indian discourse on globalization and liberalization. Cultural Studies, 17(3-4), 419-444. doi: 10.1080/0950238032000083881
  • Debord, G. (2012). Gösteri toplumu, (A. Ekmekçi ve O. Taşkent, Çev.) İstanbul: Ayrıntı.
  • Deterding, N. M. and Waters, M. C. (2021). Flexible coding of in-depth interviews: A twenty-first-century approach. Sociological Methods & Research, 50(2), 708–739. doi: 10.1177/0049124118799377
  • Edmonds, A. (2007). “The poor have the right to be beautiful”: Cosmetic surgery in neoliberal Brazil. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 13(2), 363–381. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9655.2007.00427.x
  • Foucault, M. (1966). Les mots et les choses: Une archéologie des sciences humaines. Paris: Gallimard
  • Foucault, M. (2008). The birth of biopolitics: Lectures at the Collége de France, 1978-79. M. Senellart (Ed.). London: Palgrave, Macmillan.
  • Gimlin, D. (2000). Cosmetic surgery: Beauty as commodity. Qualitative Sociology, 23, 77–98. doi: 10.1023/A:1005455600571
  • Greenhalgh, S. (2016). Neoliberal science, Chinese style: Making and managing the ‘obesity epidemic.’ Social Studies of Science, 46(4), 485–510. doi: 10.1177/0306312716655501
  • Hofmann, B. (2019). Expanding disease and undermining the ethos of medicine. European Journal of Epidemiology, 34(7), 613–619. doi:10.1007/s10654-019-00496-4
  • İbrahim, Y. (2015). Instagramming life: banal imaging and the poetics of the everyday, Journal of Media Practice, 16(1), 42-54, doi: 10.1080/14682753.2015.1015800
  • Jenks, C. (1995). The centrality of the eye in western culture: An introduction. C. Jenks (Ed.), In Visual Culture (s. 1-25). Routledge: New York.
  • Keyder, Ç., Üstündağ, N., Ağartan, T. ve Yoltar, Ç. (2007). Avrupa’da ve Türkiye’de sağlık politikaları: Reformlar, sorunlar, tartışmalar. İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Knaapen, L. (2013). Being ‘evidence-based’ in the absence of evidence: The management of non-evidence in guideline development. Social Studies of Science, 43(5), 681–706. doi:10.1177/0306312713483679
  • Lawless, C. J. (2013). The low template DNA profiling controversy: Biolegality and boundary work among forensic scientists. Social Studies of Science, 43(2), 191–214. doi: 10.1177/0306312712465665
  • Levin, D.M. (1993). Modernity and the hegemony of vision. London: University of California Press.
  • McGregor, S. (2001). Neoliberalism and health care. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 25(2), 82-89. doi: 10.1111/j.1470-6431.2001.00183.x
  • McKenna, B. (2012). The clash of medical civilizations: Experiencing “primary care” in a neoliberal culture. Journal of Medical Humanities, 33, 255-272. doi: 10.1007/s10912-012-9184-6
  • McLellan, T. (2021). Impact, theory of change, and the horizons of scientific practice. Social Studies of Science, 51(1), 100–120. doi: 10.1177/03063127209508
  • Nejadsarvari, N.; Ebrahimi A.; Ebrahimi, A. and Hashem-Zade, H. (2016). Medical ethics in plastic surgery: A mini review. World Journal of Plastic Surgery, 5(3), 207-212. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5109381/
  • Oh Nelson, H. (2021). Doctor–patient relationship. W.C. Cockerham (Ed.), In The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Medical Sociology (s. 495–515). Oxford: Wiley Blackwell. doi:10.1002/9781119633808.ch24
  • Öniş, Z. (2011). Power, interests and coalitions: the political economy of mass privatisation in Turkey. Third World Quarterly, 32(4), 707-724. Erişim adresi: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41300343
  • Öniş, Z. (2019). Turkey under the challenge of state capitalism: The political economy of the late AKP era. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 19(2), 201-225. Erişim adresi: 10.1080/14683857.2019.1594856
  • Petty, J. and Heimer, C.A. (2011). Extending the rails: How research reshapes clinics. Social Studies of Science. 41(3), 337-360. doi: 10.1177/030631271039640
  • Reeder, L. G. (1972). The patient-client as a consumer: Some observations on the changing professional-client relationship. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 13(4), 406–412. doi:10.2307/2136833
  • Salas, A. A., Anderson, B.A. (1997). Introducing information technologies into medical education: Activities of the AAMC. Academic Medicine, 72(3). 191-193. doi: 10.1097/00001888-199703000-00013
  • Saldaña, J. (2013). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (2nd ed.). London: SAGE Publications.
  • Scott, T. (2023). Bourdieu, Lacan and field theory: Neoliberal doxa in the economic field. Theory, Culture & Society, 41(2), 113-130. doi: 10.1177/02632764231178646
  • Seekis, V., Barker, G. (2022). Does #beauty have a dark side? Testing mediating pathways between engagement with beauty content on social media and cosmetic surgery consideration. Body Image, 42, 268–275. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.06.013
  • Shiffman J. (2015). Global health as a field of power relations: A response to recent commentaries. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 4(7), 497–499. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.104
  • Stacey M. (1974). The health service consumer: A sociological misconception. Sociological Review Monograph, 22(1), 194–200. doi:10.1111/j.1467-954x.1974.tb00026.x
  • Stevenson, S., Hack-Polay, D., Tehseen, S. (2022). Social media influencers, the new advertising agency?: Examining the impact of social media influencer marketing on the cosmetics industry. International Journal of Public Sociology and Sociotherapy (IJPSS), 2(1), 1-21. doi: 10.4018/IJPSS.297201
  • Sullivan, D.A. (2001). Cosmetic surgery: The cutting edge of commercial medicine in America. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press.
  • Talley, H.L. (2012). Chapter getting work done: Cosmetic surgery as constraint, as commodity, as commonplace. B.S. Turner (Ed.). Routledge Handbook of Body Studies. London: Routledge.
  • The International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. (2023). ISAPS International survey on aesthetic/cosmetic procedures performed in 2021. Erişim adresi: https://www.isaps.org/media/vdpdanke/isaps-global-survey_2021.pdf
  • Timmermans, S, Berg, M. (2003). The practice of medical technology. Sociology of Health & Illness, 25, 97-114. doi: 10.1111/1467-9566.00342
  • Turner, B. S. (2011). Tıbbî güç ve toplumsal bilgi. (Ü. Tatlıcan, Çev.) Bursa: Sentez Yayınları.
  • Ünlütürk Ulutaş, Ç. (2011). Türkiye'de sağlık emek sürecinin dönüşümü. İstanbul: Notabene Yayınları.
  • Vural, İ. E. (2017). Financialisation in health care: An analysis of private equity fund investments in Turkey. Social Science & Medicine, 187(C), 276-286. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.06.008
  • Wieczorkowska, M. (2018). Ethical dilemmas of aesthetic medicine: Between restorative medicine and the commercialisation of the body. Annales. Ethics in Economic Life, 21(5), 95-107. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.21.5.08
  • Yılmaz, V. (2013). Changing origins of inequalities in access to health care services in Turkey: From occupational status to income. New Perspectives on Turkey, 48, 55-77. doi: 10.1017/S0896634600001886
  • Yücesan Özdemir, G. (2013). AKP’li yıllarda sosyal politika rejimi: Kralın yeni elbisesi. S. Coşar & G. Yücesan Özdemir (Ed.) İktidarın Şiddeti içinde (s. 117-139). İstanbul: Metis.

The Medicine-Market-Politics Relationality in the Field of Practice of Facial Cosmetic Intervention

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4, 1453 - 1474, 23.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.1518400

Öz

The health sector in Turkey has been restructured according to the capitalistic rationale, because of the transformation of public service into market relation by the neoliberal economics. In parallel with this process, the medical specialties, whose boundaries are presumably drawn according to scientific criteria, have become questionable because of conflicts of authority, especially in the procedures with a high exchange value, with a competitive character, tending to become market commodities. The structured authority borders of the medical specialties constitute an indefinite field both in the scientific sense and in practice. The definition of health in terms of the competitive market triggered the rise of reciprocal authority border transgressions by the medical specialties which were once limited within their fields. Authority conflicts between medical specialties exist in different parts of the body. Yet, the procedures that have cosmetic drives cause more accentuated conflicts. Based on these, we conducted research to understand the experiences of the representatives of Dermatology, E.N.T., Plastic Surgery having the authority to intervene in the face, concerning the authority border transgressions. Consequently, we discovered a highly complicated and uncertain field. We diagnosed the uncertainty of the field not as an unwanted or unpredictable consequence, but as the very rationale of functioning of the health market. This article discusses the complex relational character of the field of practice of the intervention on the face, including a series of economic and political actors involved, where uncertainty is the founding principle.

Kaynakça

  • Ağartan, T. (2007). Sağlıkta reform salgını. Ç. Keyder, N. Üstündağ, T. Ağartan ve Ç. Yoltar (Ed.), Avrupa’da ve Türkiye’de sağlık politikaları: Reformlar, sorunlar, tartışmalar içinde (s. 37-55). İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Ağartan, T. (2012). Marketization and universalism: Crafting the right balance in the Turkish healthcare system. Current Sociology, 60(4), 456–471. doi:10.1177/0011392112438331
  • Aquino Y. S. J. (2022). Pathologizing ugliness: A conceptual analysis of the naturalist and normativist claims in "Aesthetic Pathology". The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 47(6), 735–748. doi:10.1093/jmp/jhac039
  • Askegaard, S.; Gertsen, M. C. and Langer, R. (2002). The body consumed: Reflexivity and cosmetic surgery. Psychology&Marketing, 19(10), 793-812. doi: 10.1002/mar.10038
  • Atalay, A. S. (2017). Sağlıkta piyasalaşma ve kamu-özel ortaklığı. G. Yenimahalleli Yaşar, Ö. Birler ve A. Göksel (Ed.), Türkiye’de Sağlık, Siyaset, Piyasa içinde (s. 57-85). İstanbul: Notabene Yayınları.
  • Au, A. (2022). Consumer logics and the relational performance of selling high-risk goods: the case of elective cosmetic surgery. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 43(9/10), 853-869. doi: 10.1108/IJSSP-07-2022-0180
  • Bambra, C., Fox, D. and Scott-Samuel, A. (2005). Towards a politics of health. Health Promotion International, 20(2), 187-193. doi:10.1093/heapro/dah608
  • Boudon, R. (1977). Effets pervers et ordre social, Paris: P.U.F.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1979). La Distinction: critique sociale du jugement. Paris: Les Éditions de Minuit.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1980). Le sens pratique. Paris: Les Éditions de Minuit.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. J. G. Richardson (Ed.), In Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education (s. 241-58). Westport: Greenwood.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1988). Les règles de l'art: genèse et structure du champ littéraire. Paris: Éditions du Seuil.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1997). Méditations pascaliennes. Paris: Seuil.
  • Brown, W. (2003). Neo-liberalism and the end of liberal democracy. Theory & Event, 7(1), 15-18. doi: 10.1353/tae.2003.0020
  • Brown, W. (2015). “What exactly is neoliberalism?” Wendy Brown interviewed by Timothy Shenk. Dissent Magazine. Erişim adresi: http://www.dissentmagazine.org/blog/booked-3-what-exactly-is-neoliberalism-wendy-brown-undoing-the-demos
  • Buğra, A. ve Savaşkan, O. (2014). Türkiye’de yeni kapitalizm: Siyaset, din ve iş dünyası. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Burri, R. V. (2008). Doing distinctions: Boundary work and symbolic capital in radiology. Social Studies of Science, 38(1), 35-62. doi:10.1177/0306312707082021
  • Castel, P. (2009). What’s behind a guideline? Social Studies of Science, 39(5), 743-764. doi: 10.1177/0306312709104435
  • Chopra, R. (2003). Neoliberalism as doxa: Bourdieu's theory of the state and the contemporary indian discourse on globalization and liberalization. Cultural Studies, 17(3-4), 419-444. doi: 10.1080/0950238032000083881
  • Debord, G. (2012). Gösteri toplumu, (A. Ekmekçi ve O. Taşkent, Çev.) İstanbul: Ayrıntı.
  • Deterding, N. M. and Waters, M. C. (2021). Flexible coding of in-depth interviews: A twenty-first-century approach. Sociological Methods & Research, 50(2), 708–739. doi: 10.1177/0049124118799377
  • Edmonds, A. (2007). “The poor have the right to be beautiful”: Cosmetic surgery in neoliberal Brazil. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 13(2), 363–381. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9655.2007.00427.x
  • Foucault, M. (1966). Les mots et les choses: Une archéologie des sciences humaines. Paris: Gallimard
  • Foucault, M. (2008). The birth of biopolitics: Lectures at the Collége de France, 1978-79. M. Senellart (Ed.). London: Palgrave, Macmillan.
  • Gimlin, D. (2000). Cosmetic surgery: Beauty as commodity. Qualitative Sociology, 23, 77–98. doi: 10.1023/A:1005455600571
  • Greenhalgh, S. (2016). Neoliberal science, Chinese style: Making and managing the ‘obesity epidemic.’ Social Studies of Science, 46(4), 485–510. doi: 10.1177/0306312716655501
  • Hofmann, B. (2019). Expanding disease and undermining the ethos of medicine. European Journal of Epidemiology, 34(7), 613–619. doi:10.1007/s10654-019-00496-4
  • İbrahim, Y. (2015). Instagramming life: banal imaging and the poetics of the everyday, Journal of Media Practice, 16(1), 42-54, doi: 10.1080/14682753.2015.1015800
  • Jenks, C. (1995). The centrality of the eye in western culture: An introduction. C. Jenks (Ed.), In Visual Culture (s. 1-25). Routledge: New York.
  • Keyder, Ç., Üstündağ, N., Ağartan, T. ve Yoltar, Ç. (2007). Avrupa’da ve Türkiye’de sağlık politikaları: Reformlar, sorunlar, tartışmalar. İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Knaapen, L. (2013). Being ‘evidence-based’ in the absence of evidence: The management of non-evidence in guideline development. Social Studies of Science, 43(5), 681–706. doi:10.1177/0306312713483679
  • Lawless, C. J. (2013). The low template DNA profiling controversy: Biolegality and boundary work among forensic scientists. Social Studies of Science, 43(2), 191–214. doi: 10.1177/0306312712465665
  • Levin, D.M. (1993). Modernity and the hegemony of vision. London: University of California Press.
  • McGregor, S. (2001). Neoliberalism and health care. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 25(2), 82-89. doi: 10.1111/j.1470-6431.2001.00183.x
  • McKenna, B. (2012). The clash of medical civilizations: Experiencing “primary care” in a neoliberal culture. Journal of Medical Humanities, 33, 255-272. doi: 10.1007/s10912-012-9184-6
  • McLellan, T. (2021). Impact, theory of change, and the horizons of scientific practice. Social Studies of Science, 51(1), 100–120. doi: 10.1177/03063127209508
  • Nejadsarvari, N.; Ebrahimi A.; Ebrahimi, A. and Hashem-Zade, H. (2016). Medical ethics in plastic surgery: A mini review. World Journal of Plastic Surgery, 5(3), 207-212. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5109381/
  • Oh Nelson, H. (2021). Doctor–patient relationship. W.C. Cockerham (Ed.), In The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Medical Sociology (s. 495–515). Oxford: Wiley Blackwell. doi:10.1002/9781119633808.ch24
  • Öniş, Z. (2011). Power, interests and coalitions: the political economy of mass privatisation in Turkey. Third World Quarterly, 32(4), 707-724. Erişim adresi: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41300343
  • Öniş, Z. (2019). Turkey under the challenge of state capitalism: The political economy of the late AKP era. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 19(2), 201-225. Erişim adresi: 10.1080/14683857.2019.1594856
  • Petty, J. and Heimer, C.A. (2011). Extending the rails: How research reshapes clinics. Social Studies of Science. 41(3), 337-360. doi: 10.1177/030631271039640
  • Reeder, L. G. (1972). The patient-client as a consumer: Some observations on the changing professional-client relationship. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 13(4), 406–412. doi:10.2307/2136833
  • Salas, A. A., Anderson, B.A. (1997). Introducing information technologies into medical education: Activities of the AAMC. Academic Medicine, 72(3). 191-193. doi: 10.1097/00001888-199703000-00013
  • Saldaña, J. (2013). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (2nd ed.). London: SAGE Publications.
  • Scott, T. (2023). Bourdieu, Lacan and field theory: Neoliberal doxa in the economic field. Theory, Culture & Society, 41(2), 113-130. doi: 10.1177/02632764231178646
  • Seekis, V., Barker, G. (2022). Does #beauty have a dark side? Testing mediating pathways between engagement with beauty content on social media and cosmetic surgery consideration. Body Image, 42, 268–275. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.06.013
  • Shiffman J. (2015). Global health as a field of power relations: A response to recent commentaries. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 4(7), 497–499. doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2015.104
  • Stacey M. (1974). The health service consumer: A sociological misconception. Sociological Review Monograph, 22(1), 194–200. doi:10.1111/j.1467-954x.1974.tb00026.x
  • Stevenson, S., Hack-Polay, D., Tehseen, S. (2022). Social media influencers, the new advertising agency?: Examining the impact of social media influencer marketing on the cosmetics industry. International Journal of Public Sociology and Sociotherapy (IJPSS), 2(1), 1-21. doi: 10.4018/IJPSS.297201
  • Sullivan, D.A. (2001). Cosmetic surgery: The cutting edge of commercial medicine in America. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press.
  • Talley, H.L. (2012). Chapter getting work done: Cosmetic surgery as constraint, as commodity, as commonplace. B.S. Turner (Ed.). Routledge Handbook of Body Studies. London: Routledge.
  • The International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. (2023). ISAPS International survey on aesthetic/cosmetic procedures performed in 2021. Erişim adresi: https://www.isaps.org/media/vdpdanke/isaps-global-survey_2021.pdf
  • Timmermans, S, Berg, M. (2003). The practice of medical technology. Sociology of Health & Illness, 25, 97-114. doi: 10.1111/1467-9566.00342
  • Turner, B. S. (2011). Tıbbî güç ve toplumsal bilgi. (Ü. Tatlıcan, Çev.) Bursa: Sentez Yayınları.
  • Ünlütürk Ulutaş, Ç. (2011). Türkiye'de sağlık emek sürecinin dönüşümü. İstanbul: Notabene Yayınları.
  • Vural, İ. E. (2017). Financialisation in health care: An analysis of private equity fund investments in Turkey. Social Science & Medicine, 187(C), 276-286. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.06.008
  • Wieczorkowska, M. (2018). Ethical dilemmas of aesthetic medicine: Between restorative medicine and the commercialisation of the body. Annales. Ethics in Economic Life, 21(5), 95-107. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.21.5.08
  • Yılmaz, V. (2013). Changing origins of inequalities in access to health care services in Turkey: From occupational status to income. New Perspectives on Turkey, 48, 55-77. doi: 10.1017/S0896634600001886
  • Yücesan Özdemir, G. (2013). AKP’li yıllarda sosyal politika rejimi: Kralın yeni elbisesi. S. Coşar & G. Yücesan Özdemir (Ed.) İktidarın Şiddeti içinde (s. 117-139). İstanbul: Metis.
Toplam 59 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Bilim ve Teknoloji Sosyolojisi ve Sosyal Bilimler, Sağlık Sosyolojisi, Siyaset Sosyolojisi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ali Ergur 0000-0001-8510-4287

Cansu Saral 0000-0001-8788-9532

Buse Akkaya 0000-0002-4901-787X

Ceren Tunay 0009-0009-1938-081X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Temmuz 2024
Kabul Tarihi 4 Ekim 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Ergur, A., Saral, C., Akkaya, B., Tunay, C. (2024). Yüze Kozmetik Müdahale Pratik Alanında Tıp-Piyasa-Siyaset İlişkiselliği. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 24(4), 1453-1474. https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.1518400