Research Article
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WAR CRIMES OF AUSTRALIAN SPECIAL FORCES DURING THE AFGHAN WAR AND AGAMBEN'S STATE OF EXCEPTION

Year 2024, , 1 - 26, 18.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.33630/ausbf.1074589

Abstract

UN reports and the Report of Inquiry conducted by the Australian Defence Force (ADF) provide statistics and document details showing that ADF personnel operating in Afghanistan between 2003 and 2013 engaged in criminal conduct causing the death of at least 89 civilians and combatants during the Afghanistan war. Although the Australian government has initiated a legal investigation giving the impression that it is determined to bring the responsible ones to justice, there is a growing need to analyse the problem of international crimes committed by international peace operations personnel beyond the legal field. The crimes allegedly committed by the Australian forces on the territory of Afghanistan are undoubtedly incompatible with international norms and standards. Yet, in accordance with Agamben’s theory of “state of exception”, the violations indicate a field where exception becomes the rule rather than being simply an exception to the rule. Through conversation with Agamben’s concepts of homo sacer and the state of exception whereby a domestic legislating body assumes an a priori validity above and outside the law, this paper argues that the international community as a versatile and ubiquitous power constructs states of exception and homines sacri in a similar fashion at the international level.

References

  • Ackerman, Bruce (2003), “The Emergency Constitution”, Yale Law Journal, 113 (5): 1029-1091.
  • Agamben, Giorgio (1998), Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life (Stanford: Stanford University Press).
  • Agamben, Giorgio (2005), The State of Exception (Chicago: Chicago University Press).
  • Agamben, Giorgio (1999), Remnants of Auschwitz: The Witness and the Archive, Homo Sacer III (New York: Zone Books).
  • Arendt, Hannah (1968), Imperialism: Part Two of the Origins of Totalitarianism (New York: Harvest).
  • Australian Government, Department of Defence (2022) https://defence.gov.au/operations/PastOperations/Afghanistan/ (05.02.2022).
  • BBC News (2020),”Australian 'War Crimes': Elite Troops Killed Afghan Civilians, Report Finds”, (19 November 2020) https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-54996581 (05.02.2022).
  • Benjamin, Walter (1978), “Critique of Violence”, Reflections: Essays, Aphorisms, Autobiographical Writings (New York: Schocken Books): 277-300.
  • Brangwin, Nicole, Marty Harris, and David Watt (12 September 2012), “Australia at War in Afghanistan: Revised Facts and Figures”, Parliament of Australia, https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/BN/2012-2013/AfghanistanFacts (05.02.2022).
  • Brereton Raporu (2020), Inspector‐General of The Australian Defence Force Afghanistan Inquiry Report, Commonwealth of Australia https://afghanistaninquiry.defence.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-11/IGADF-Afghanistan-Inquiry-Public-Release-Version.pdf (05.02.2022).
  • Butler, Judith (2004), Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence (London: Verso).
  • Coleman, Sarah (2002), “Sex for Food Scandal”, World Press Review, 49 (5) https://www.worldpress.org/print_article.cfm?article_id=612&dont=yes
  • Coleman, Mathew ve Kevin Grove (2009), “Biopolitics, Biopower, and the Return of Sovereignty”, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 27 (3): 489-507.
  • De la Durantaye, Leland (2009), Giorgio Agamben (Stanford: Stanford University Press).
  • Downer, Alexander (2002), “Advancing the National Interest”, Speech to the National Press Club, (7 May 2002 https://australianpolitics.com/2002/05/07/australias-foreign-policy-challenge.html (05.02.2022).
  • Edkins, Jenny ve Véronique Pin-Fat (2005), “Through the Wire: Relations of Power and Relations of Violence”, Millennium 34 (1): 1-24.
  • Elphick, Karen (2020), Reports, Allegations and Inquiries into Serious Misconduct by Australian Troops in Afghanistan 2005–2013, Research Paper Series, 2020–21, Parliament of Australia, (9 November 2020) https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp2021/Chronologies/AllegationsAfghanistan (05.02.2022).
  • Fiskesjö, Magnus (2012), “Outlaws, Barbarians, Slaves: Critical Reflections on Agamben’s Homo Sacer”, HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 2 (1): 161-180.
  • Fitzpatrick, Peter (2001), “Bare Sovereignty: Homo Sacer and the Insistence of Law”, Theory & Event, 5 (2): 49-73.
  • Genel, Katia (2006), “The Question of Biopower: Foucault and Agamben”, Rethinking Marxism, 18 (1): 43-62.
  • Gramsci, Antonio (2021), “The Modern Prince: Essays on the Science of Politics in the Modern Age”, The Modern Prince and Other Writings (Paris: Foreign Languages Press): 127-178.
  • Gulli, Bruno (2007), “The Ontology and Politics of Exception: Reflections on the Work of Giorgio Agamben”, Calarco, Matthew (Der.), Giorgio Agamben: Sovereignty and Life (Stanford: Stanford University Press): 219-242.
  • Hadid, Diaa ve Khwaga Ghani (2021), “’I Remember Them Screaming’: Afghans Detail Alleged Killings By Australian Military”, NPR World, (25 April 2021) https://www.npr.org/2021/04/25/989546260/i-remember-them-screaming-afghans-detail-alleged-killings-by-australian-military (05.02.2022).
  • Hanagan, Deborah L. (2019), NATO in the Crucible: Coalition Warfare in Afghanistan, 2001–2014 (Stanford: Hoover Press).
  • Hardt, Michael ve Antonio Negri (2020), Empire (Harvard: Harvard University Press).
  • Heiden, Gert-Jan Van der (2020), “Exile, Use, and Form-of-Life: On the Conclusion of Agamben’s Homo Sacer Series”, Theory, Culture & Society, 37 (2): 61-78.
  • Hickman, Tom R. (2005), “Between Human Rights and the Rule of Law: Indefinite Detention and the Derogation Model of Constitutionalism”, The Modern Law Review, 68 (4): 655-668.
  • Holland, Jack ve Matt McDonald. (2010),”Australian Identity, Interventionism and the War on Terror”, A. Siniver (Der.), International Terrorism Post-9/11: Comparative Dynamics and Responses (London: Routledge): 184-206.
  • Humphreys, Stephen (2006), “Legalizing Lawlessness: On Giorgio Agamben’s State of Exception”, European Journal of International Law, 17 (3): 677-687.
  • Human Rights Watch (2003), “We’ll Kill You If You Cry: Sexual Violence in the Sierra Leone Conflict”, 15 (1), https://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/sierraleone/sierleon0103.pdf (05.02.2022).
  • Huysmans, Jef (2008), “The Jargon of Exception—on Schmitt, Agamben and the Absence of Political Society”, International Political Sociology, 2 (2): 165-183.
  • Ignatieff, Michael (Der.) (2009), American Exceptionalism and Human Rights (Princeton: Princeton University Press).
  • Kampmark, Binoy (2020), “The Shadow of Responsibility: Australian War crimes Allegations in Afghanistan”, Eureka Street, (24 November 2020) https://www.eurekastreet.com.au/article/the-shadow-of-responsibility--australian-war-crimes-allegations-in-afghanistan# (05.02.2022).
  • Laclau, Ernesto (2007), “Bare Life or Social Indeterminacy?”, Calarco, Matthew (Der.), Giorgio Agamben: Sovereignty and Life (Stanford: Stanford University Press): 11-22.
  • Langford, Ian (2010), “Australian Special Forces in Afghanistan: Supporting Australia in the'Long War'", Australian Army Journal, 7 (1): 21-32.
  • Lechte, John ve Saul Newman (2012), “Agamben, Arendt and Human rights: Bearing Witness to the Human”, European Journal of Social Theory, 15 (4): 522-536.
  • Lemke, Thomas (2005),”“A Zone of Indistinction”–A Critique of Giorgio Agamben’s Concept of Biopolitics”, Outlines, Critical Practice Studies, 7 (1): 3-13.
  • Machel, Graca (1996), “Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Children: Impact of Armed Conflict on Children”, U.N. Doc.A/51/306, (26 August 1996), https://sites.unicef.org/graca/a51-306_en.pdf (05.02.2022).
  • Machiavelli, Niccolò (2007), Discourses on Livy (New York: Dover).
  • Minca, Claudio (2006), “Giorgio Agamben and the New Biopolitical Nomos”, Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 88 (4): 387-403.
  • Norris, Andrew (2005), “Introduction: Giorgio Agamben and the Politics of the Living Dead”, Andrew Norris (Der.), Politics, Metaphysics, and Death: Essays on Giorgio Agamben's Homo Sacer (Durham: Duke University Press): 1-30.
  • O'Brien, Melanie (2012), “Protectors on Trial? Prosecuting Peacekeepers for War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity in the International Criminal Court”, International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 40 (3): 223-241.
  • Rajaram, Prem Kumar ve Carl Grundy‐Warr (2004), “The Irregular Migrant as Homo Sacer: Migration and Detention in Australia, Malaysia, and Thailand”, International Migration, 42 (1): 33-64.
  • Ralph, Jason (2013), America's War on Terror: The State of the 9/11 Exception from Bush to Obama (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
  • Rice, Gareth (2014), “What Did We Learn from the War in Afghanistan?”, Australian Army Journal, 11 (1): 6-20.
  • Schmitt, Carl (2007) Theory of the Partisan (New York: Telos) (Çev. Gary L. Ulmen).
  • Schmitt, Carl (2008), The Concept of the Political (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).
  • Tagma, Halit Mustafa (2009), “Homo Sacer vs. Homo Soccer Mom: Reading Agamben and Foucault in the War on Terror”, Alternatives, 34 (4): 407-435.
  • Tierney, Stephen (2005), “Determining the State of Exception: What Role for Parliament and the Courts”, The Modern Law Review, 68 (4): 668-672.
  • United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (2007), Civilian Casualties During 2007, https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/poc-civilian-casualties-report-2007.pdf (05.02.2022).
  • United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (2013), Annual Report 2012 Protection Of Civilians In Armed Conflict, https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/2012_annual_report_eng_0.pdf (05.02.2022).
  • United Nations (2020), “Afghanistan: Civilian Casualties Exceed 10,000 for Sixth Straight Year”, https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/02/1057921 (05.02.2022).
  • United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (2021), Protection Of Civilians In Armed Conflict, Annual Report 2020, https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/afghanistan_protection_of_civilians_report_2020_revs3.pdf (05.02.2022).

AFGANİSTAN SAVAŞI’NDA AVUSTRALYA ÖZEL KUVVETLERİNİN SAVAŞ SUÇLARI VE AGAMBEN’İN İSTİSNA DURUMU

Year 2024, , 1 - 26, 18.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.33630/ausbf.1074589

Abstract

BM verilerine ve Avustralya Savunma Kuvvetleri (Australian Defence Force, ADF) tarafından hazırlanan rapora göre 2003-2013 yılları arasında Afganistan’da görev alan Avustralya Özel Birlik askerleri en az 89 sivilin ve savaşanın ölümünden sorumludur. Her ne kadar Avustralya hükümeti kendi soruşturmasını yürütmekte ve sorumluları hukuk önüne getirmeye kararlı olduğu yönünde bir izlenim göstermekte ise de, uluslararası barış gücü bünyesinde görev alan personelin uluslararası suçlar işleyebileceği ve işlediği gerçeği hukuki alan dışında siyasi alanda da tartışılması gereken ve etki doğuran bir sorundur. Avustralya birliklerinin Afganistan Savaşı sırasındaki eylemleri uluslararası ilke ve normlarla bağdaşmamaktadır. Yasa koyucu iktidarın, iktidarını kurma aşamasında hukukun üstünde ve dışında olduğunu öne süren Agamben’in istisna durumu teorisine paralel olarak, Avustralya birliklerinin söz konusu eylemleri istisna olmanın ötesinde istisnanın kurala dönüştüğü bir alanı işaret etmektedir. Birliklerin işlediği uluslararası suçların kurbanları olan Afganlar ise hukuki alanın dışına itilen, dolayısıyla hukuki suje olarak tanınmayan bireyi ifade eden homo sacer halini almaktadırlar. Bu doğrultuda, çalışma ulusal alandaki istisna durumu ve homo sacer inşası süreçlerine benzer şekilde uluslararası toplumun kendi istisna durumlarını ve homo sacer sujelerini kurguladığını gösterecektir.

References

  • Ackerman, Bruce (2003), “The Emergency Constitution”, Yale Law Journal, 113 (5): 1029-1091.
  • Agamben, Giorgio (1998), Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life (Stanford: Stanford University Press).
  • Agamben, Giorgio (2005), The State of Exception (Chicago: Chicago University Press).
  • Agamben, Giorgio (1999), Remnants of Auschwitz: The Witness and the Archive, Homo Sacer III (New York: Zone Books).
  • Arendt, Hannah (1968), Imperialism: Part Two of the Origins of Totalitarianism (New York: Harvest).
  • Australian Government, Department of Defence (2022) https://defence.gov.au/operations/PastOperations/Afghanistan/ (05.02.2022).
  • BBC News (2020),”Australian 'War Crimes': Elite Troops Killed Afghan Civilians, Report Finds”, (19 November 2020) https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-54996581 (05.02.2022).
  • Benjamin, Walter (1978), “Critique of Violence”, Reflections: Essays, Aphorisms, Autobiographical Writings (New York: Schocken Books): 277-300.
  • Brangwin, Nicole, Marty Harris, and David Watt (12 September 2012), “Australia at War in Afghanistan: Revised Facts and Figures”, Parliament of Australia, https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/BN/2012-2013/AfghanistanFacts (05.02.2022).
  • Brereton Raporu (2020), Inspector‐General of The Australian Defence Force Afghanistan Inquiry Report, Commonwealth of Australia https://afghanistaninquiry.defence.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-11/IGADF-Afghanistan-Inquiry-Public-Release-Version.pdf (05.02.2022).
  • Butler, Judith (2004), Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence (London: Verso).
  • Coleman, Sarah (2002), “Sex for Food Scandal”, World Press Review, 49 (5) https://www.worldpress.org/print_article.cfm?article_id=612&dont=yes
  • Coleman, Mathew ve Kevin Grove (2009), “Biopolitics, Biopower, and the Return of Sovereignty”, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 27 (3): 489-507.
  • De la Durantaye, Leland (2009), Giorgio Agamben (Stanford: Stanford University Press).
  • Downer, Alexander (2002), “Advancing the National Interest”, Speech to the National Press Club, (7 May 2002 https://australianpolitics.com/2002/05/07/australias-foreign-policy-challenge.html (05.02.2022).
  • Edkins, Jenny ve Véronique Pin-Fat (2005), “Through the Wire: Relations of Power and Relations of Violence”, Millennium 34 (1): 1-24.
  • Elphick, Karen (2020), Reports, Allegations and Inquiries into Serious Misconduct by Australian Troops in Afghanistan 2005–2013, Research Paper Series, 2020–21, Parliament of Australia, (9 November 2020) https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp2021/Chronologies/AllegationsAfghanistan (05.02.2022).
  • Fiskesjö, Magnus (2012), “Outlaws, Barbarians, Slaves: Critical Reflections on Agamben’s Homo Sacer”, HAU: Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 2 (1): 161-180.
  • Fitzpatrick, Peter (2001), “Bare Sovereignty: Homo Sacer and the Insistence of Law”, Theory & Event, 5 (2): 49-73.
  • Genel, Katia (2006), “The Question of Biopower: Foucault and Agamben”, Rethinking Marxism, 18 (1): 43-62.
  • Gramsci, Antonio (2021), “The Modern Prince: Essays on the Science of Politics in the Modern Age”, The Modern Prince and Other Writings (Paris: Foreign Languages Press): 127-178.
  • Gulli, Bruno (2007), “The Ontology and Politics of Exception: Reflections on the Work of Giorgio Agamben”, Calarco, Matthew (Der.), Giorgio Agamben: Sovereignty and Life (Stanford: Stanford University Press): 219-242.
  • Hadid, Diaa ve Khwaga Ghani (2021), “’I Remember Them Screaming’: Afghans Detail Alleged Killings By Australian Military”, NPR World, (25 April 2021) https://www.npr.org/2021/04/25/989546260/i-remember-them-screaming-afghans-detail-alleged-killings-by-australian-military (05.02.2022).
  • Hanagan, Deborah L. (2019), NATO in the Crucible: Coalition Warfare in Afghanistan, 2001–2014 (Stanford: Hoover Press).
  • Hardt, Michael ve Antonio Negri (2020), Empire (Harvard: Harvard University Press).
  • Heiden, Gert-Jan Van der (2020), “Exile, Use, and Form-of-Life: On the Conclusion of Agamben’s Homo Sacer Series”, Theory, Culture & Society, 37 (2): 61-78.
  • Hickman, Tom R. (2005), “Between Human Rights and the Rule of Law: Indefinite Detention and the Derogation Model of Constitutionalism”, The Modern Law Review, 68 (4): 655-668.
  • Holland, Jack ve Matt McDonald. (2010),”Australian Identity, Interventionism and the War on Terror”, A. Siniver (Der.), International Terrorism Post-9/11: Comparative Dynamics and Responses (London: Routledge): 184-206.
  • Humphreys, Stephen (2006), “Legalizing Lawlessness: On Giorgio Agamben’s State of Exception”, European Journal of International Law, 17 (3): 677-687.
  • Human Rights Watch (2003), “We’ll Kill You If You Cry: Sexual Violence in the Sierra Leone Conflict”, 15 (1), https://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/sierraleone/sierleon0103.pdf (05.02.2022).
  • Huysmans, Jef (2008), “The Jargon of Exception—on Schmitt, Agamben and the Absence of Political Society”, International Political Sociology, 2 (2): 165-183.
  • Ignatieff, Michael (Der.) (2009), American Exceptionalism and Human Rights (Princeton: Princeton University Press).
  • Kampmark, Binoy (2020), “The Shadow of Responsibility: Australian War crimes Allegations in Afghanistan”, Eureka Street, (24 November 2020) https://www.eurekastreet.com.au/article/the-shadow-of-responsibility--australian-war-crimes-allegations-in-afghanistan# (05.02.2022).
  • Laclau, Ernesto (2007), “Bare Life or Social Indeterminacy?”, Calarco, Matthew (Der.), Giorgio Agamben: Sovereignty and Life (Stanford: Stanford University Press): 11-22.
  • Langford, Ian (2010), “Australian Special Forces in Afghanistan: Supporting Australia in the'Long War'", Australian Army Journal, 7 (1): 21-32.
  • Lechte, John ve Saul Newman (2012), “Agamben, Arendt and Human rights: Bearing Witness to the Human”, European Journal of Social Theory, 15 (4): 522-536.
  • Lemke, Thomas (2005),”“A Zone of Indistinction”–A Critique of Giorgio Agamben’s Concept of Biopolitics”, Outlines, Critical Practice Studies, 7 (1): 3-13.
  • Machel, Graca (1996), “Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Children: Impact of Armed Conflict on Children”, U.N. Doc.A/51/306, (26 August 1996), https://sites.unicef.org/graca/a51-306_en.pdf (05.02.2022).
  • Machiavelli, Niccolò (2007), Discourses on Livy (New York: Dover).
  • Minca, Claudio (2006), “Giorgio Agamben and the New Biopolitical Nomos”, Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 88 (4): 387-403.
  • Norris, Andrew (2005), “Introduction: Giorgio Agamben and the Politics of the Living Dead”, Andrew Norris (Der.), Politics, Metaphysics, and Death: Essays on Giorgio Agamben's Homo Sacer (Durham: Duke University Press): 1-30.
  • O'Brien, Melanie (2012), “Protectors on Trial? Prosecuting Peacekeepers for War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity in the International Criminal Court”, International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 40 (3): 223-241.
  • Rajaram, Prem Kumar ve Carl Grundy‐Warr (2004), “The Irregular Migrant as Homo Sacer: Migration and Detention in Australia, Malaysia, and Thailand”, International Migration, 42 (1): 33-64.
  • Ralph, Jason (2013), America's War on Terror: The State of the 9/11 Exception from Bush to Obama (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
  • Rice, Gareth (2014), “What Did We Learn from the War in Afghanistan?”, Australian Army Journal, 11 (1): 6-20.
  • Schmitt, Carl (2007) Theory of the Partisan (New York: Telos) (Çev. Gary L. Ulmen).
  • Schmitt, Carl (2008), The Concept of the Political (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).
  • Tagma, Halit Mustafa (2009), “Homo Sacer vs. Homo Soccer Mom: Reading Agamben and Foucault in the War on Terror”, Alternatives, 34 (4): 407-435.
  • Tierney, Stephen (2005), “Determining the State of Exception: What Role for Parliament and the Courts”, The Modern Law Review, 68 (4): 668-672.
  • United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (2007), Civilian Casualties During 2007, https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/poc-civilian-casualties-report-2007.pdf (05.02.2022).
  • United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (2013), Annual Report 2012 Protection Of Civilians In Armed Conflict, https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/2012_annual_report_eng_0.pdf (05.02.2022).
  • United Nations (2020), “Afghanistan: Civilian Casualties Exceed 10,000 for Sixth Straight Year”, https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/02/1057921 (05.02.2022).
  • United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (2021), Protection Of Civilians In Armed Conflict, Annual Report 2020, https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/afghanistan_protection_of_civilians_report_2020_revs3.pdf (05.02.2022).
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects International Relations
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Gözde Turan 0000-0002-4307-6924

Early Pub Date January 18, 2024
Publication Date March 18, 2024
Submission Date February 16, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Turan, G. (2024). AFGANİSTAN SAVAŞI’NDA AVUSTRALYA ÖZEL KUVVETLERİNİN SAVAŞ SUÇLARI VE AGAMBEN’İN İSTİSNA DURUMU. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 79(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.33630/ausbf.1074589
AMA Turan G. AFGANİSTAN SAVAŞI’NDA AVUSTRALYA ÖZEL KUVVETLERİNİN SAVAŞ SUÇLARI VE AGAMBEN’İN İSTİSNA DURUMU. SBF Dergisi. March 2024;79(1):1-26. doi:10.33630/ausbf.1074589
Chicago Turan, Gözde. “AFGANİSTAN SAVAŞI’NDA AVUSTRALYA ÖZEL KUVVETLERİNİN SAVAŞ SUÇLARI VE AGAMBEN’İN İSTİSNA DURUMU”. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi 79, no. 1 (March 2024): 1-26. https://doi.org/10.33630/ausbf.1074589.
EndNote Turan G (March 1, 2024) AFGANİSTAN SAVAŞI’NDA AVUSTRALYA ÖZEL KUVVETLERİNİN SAVAŞ SUÇLARI VE AGAMBEN’İN İSTİSNA DURUMU. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi 79 1 1–26.
IEEE G. Turan, “AFGANİSTAN SAVAŞI’NDA AVUSTRALYA ÖZEL KUVVETLERİNİN SAVAŞ SUÇLARI VE AGAMBEN’İN İSTİSNA DURUMU”, SBF Dergisi, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 1–26, 2024, doi: 10.33630/ausbf.1074589.
ISNAD Turan, Gözde. “AFGANİSTAN SAVAŞI’NDA AVUSTRALYA ÖZEL KUVVETLERİNİN SAVAŞ SUÇLARI VE AGAMBEN’İN İSTİSNA DURUMU”. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi 79/1 (March 2024), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.33630/ausbf.1074589.
JAMA Turan G. AFGANİSTAN SAVAŞI’NDA AVUSTRALYA ÖZEL KUVVETLERİNİN SAVAŞ SUÇLARI VE AGAMBEN’İN İSTİSNA DURUMU. SBF Dergisi. 2024;79:1–26.
MLA Turan, Gözde. “AFGANİSTAN SAVAŞI’NDA AVUSTRALYA ÖZEL KUVVETLERİNİN SAVAŞ SUÇLARI VE AGAMBEN’İN İSTİSNA DURUMU”. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, vol. 79, no. 1, 2024, pp. 1-26, doi:10.33630/ausbf.1074589.
Vancouver Turan G. AFGANİSTAN SAVAŞI’NDA AVUSTRALYA ÖZEL KUVVETLERİNİN SAVAŞ SUÇLARI VE AGAMBEN’İN İSTİSNA DURUMU. SBF Dergisi. 2024;79(1):1-26.