Yönetişim ve ortaklaşa yönetişim modelleri Dünya Bankası (DB), Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İşbirliği Örgütü (OECD), Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) gibi uluslarötesi kuruluşların ulusal, bölgesel ve küresel politikalara daha güçlü nüfuz etmelerini sağlamıştır. Bu kuruluşlar arasında OECD, yapısal reformlar aracılığıyla politika transferi yapan güçlü aktörlerden biri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. OECD, pandemi öncesi ve sonrasında yürüttüğü ülke çalışmaları ile politika yönlendirmesi yapmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı ülkeler ile hukuki ilişkisi diğer küresel aktörlerden farklı olan OECD’nin hukuki ve finansal yaptırım gücünü araştırmak ve OECD politikalarının ülkeler ve dönemler itibarıyla tutarlılığını ve başarı düzeyini incelemektir. OECD’nin ülkeler ile yaptığı çalışmalardaki yaptırım araçlarına ulaşılması çalışmanın önemli kısıtlarından olmuştur. Çalışmanın literatürdeki diğer eserlerden farkı OECD politika transfer faaliyetlerini örnek ülkeler kapsamında incelemesinin yanında bu faaliyetleri pandemi öncesi dönem ve post-pandemi dönemi için ayrı ayrı ortaya koymasıdır. Çalışmanın bir diğer farkı ortaklaşa yönetişim modelinin pandemi sonrasındaki hareket yöntemini incelemesidir. Makale, pandemi öncesi ve sonrası dönemde Litvanya, Yunanistan, Hollanda ve İtalya’ya sunulan politika önerilerini karşılaştırmakta ve bu karşılaştırma üzerinden post-pandemi döneminde ortaklaşa yönetişim modelindeki ortaklık yapısı değişikliğini ve yönetişim teorisinin gelişimini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.
Bayramoğlu, S. (2005). Yönetişim Zihniyeti-Türkiye’de Üst Kurullar ve Siyasal İktidarın Dönüşümü. İstanbul İletişim Yayınları.
Belgium Country Note (2021). Economic Policy Reforms 2021: Going For Growth, OECD.
Beyeler, M. (2004). Introduction: a comparative study of the OECD and European welfare states. Chapter of The OECD and European Welfare States-Globalization and Welfare series, Erişim Tarih:20.08.2022, https://www.elgaronline.com/view/1843763214.xml
Börzel, T. & Risse, T. (2009). Governance Without Government-Can it Work?. Regulation & Governance, 4, 113-134.
Canada Country Note (2021). Economic Policy Reforms 2021: Going For Growth, OECD.
Delice, E. (2013). Uluslararası Örgüt Metinlerinde Yönetişim ve Türkiye Pratiği: Teoriden Uygulamaya Bir İnceleme, Erişim Tarihi:27/09/2019, https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/667891
Dolowitz, D.P. (2003). A Policy-maker’s Guide to Policy Transfer. The Political Quarterly, 74(1): 101-108 (8).
EU. (2021), Regulation (EU) 2021/240 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 February 2021 establishing a Technical Support Instrument.
Eryiğit, B.H. & Sarıca, A. (2018). IMF, Dünya Bankası, OECD’nin Yönetişim Yaklaşımı Ve Kü-Yerelleşme. Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt 6, Sayı 1.
Fuentes, D.D. & Clifton, J. (2014). On the limits of policy transfer: The OECD and “The Rest”. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis Research and Practice.
Greece Country Note (2021). Economic Policy Reforms 2021: Going For Growth, OECD.
Güler, B. (2003). Yönetişim: Tüm İktidar Sermayeye. Praksis, 9, 93-116.
Italy Country Note (2021). Economic Policy Reforms 2021: Going For Growth, OECD.
Italy Country Note (2018). Economic Policy Reforms 2021: Going For Growth, OECD.
Kildal, N. (2003). Perspectives on Policy Transfer-The Case of the OECD. Stein Rokkan Centre For Social Studies, Bergen Unıversity Research Foundation (Working Paper 13).
Lavenex, S. (2015). EU External Governance in ‘Wider Europe’. Journal of European Public Policy, 11:4, 680-700.
Lithuania Country Note (2021). Economic Policy Reforms 2021: Going For Growth, OECD.
Mahon, R. (2009). Standardizing and Disseminating Knowledge: The Role of the OECD in Global Governance. European Political Science Review.
Netherlands Country Note (2021). Economic Policy Reforms 2021: Going For Growth, OECD.
OECD. (2022). International trade during the COVID-19 pandemic: Big shifts and uncertainty
OECD. (2021a). The Territorial Impact of COVID-19: Managing the Crisis and Recovery across Levels of Government
OECD. (2021b). A Balancing Act OECD Economic Outlook, December 2021, Erişim Tarihi:20.08.2022, https://www.oecd.org/economic-outlook/december-2021/
OECD. (2021c). Structural policies to deliver a stronger, more resilient, equitable and sustainable COVID-19 recovery
OECD. (2021d). Insolvency and debt overhang following the COVID-19 outbreak: Assessment of risks and policy responses, OECD Economics Department Working Papers No. 1651
OECD. (2021e). Going for Growth 2021: Shaping a Vibrant Recovery
OECD. (2020). Managing international migration under COVID-19
OECD. (2019a). OECD and European Commission join forces to further support structural reforms in European countries, Erişim Tarihi:20.04.2022, https://www.oecd.org/eu/oecd-and-european-commission-join-forces-to-further-support-structural-reforms-in-european-countries.htm
OECD. (2019b). The OECD Technical Report on Progress on Structural Reform under the G20 Enhanced Structural Reform Agenda (ESRA).
OECD. (2017). Reform Agenda For 2017: Overview and Country Notes, Erişim Tarihi:25.08.2022, https://www.oecd.org/economy/going-for-growth-2017/
OECD. (2014). Recommendation of the Council on Effective Public Investment Across Levels of Government.
Sobacı, M.Z. (2013). Yönetişim ve Politika Transferi: Koşulsallık Bağlamında Bir Analiz. Yönetişim. Çizgi Kitapevi, Konya, 223-248.
Turkey Country Note (2021). Economic Policy Reforms 2021: Going For Growth, OECD.
United Kingdom Country Note (2021). Economic Policy Reforms 2021: Going For Growth, OECD.
POLICY TRANSFER OF OECD WITH STRUCTURAL REFORMS AND POST-PANDEMIC POLICIES
Governance and cooperative governance models have enabled transnational organizations such as the World Bank, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and the United Nations to more strongly advocate global policies. Among these organizations, OECD emerges as one of the powerful actors that make policy transfers through structural reforms. The OECD provides policy guidance with its country studies before and after the pandemic. The aim of this study is to examine the enforcement power of the OECD, which has a different legal relationship with countries than other global actors, and to examine the consistency and success of the OECD policies by countries and periods. Accessing the sanctions tools in the OECD's work with countries has been one of the important limitations of the study. The distinction of the study from other works in the literature is the examining OECD policy transfer activities within the scope of sample countries, presenting these activities for the pre-pandemic period and post-pandemic period and investigating the development of the cooperative governance. The article compares the policy reccomendations of Lithuania, Greece, the Netherlands and Italy before and after pandemic and aims to reveal the development of the governance theory in the post-pandemic period.
Bayramoğlu, S. (2005). Yönetişim Zihniyeti-Türkiye’de Üst Kurullar ve Siyasal İktidarın Dönüşümü. İstanbul İletişim Yayınları.
Belgium Country Note (2021). Economic Policy Reforms 2021: Going For Growth, OECD.
Beyeler, M. (2004). Introduction: a comparative study of the OECD and European welfare states. Chapter of The OECD and European Welfare States-Globalization and Welfare series, Erişim Tarih:20.08.2022, https://www.elgaronline.com/view/1843763214.xml
Börzel, T. & Risse, T. (2009). Governance Without Government-Can it Work?. Regulation & Governance, 4, 113-134.
Canada Country Note (2021). Economic Policy Reforms 2021: Going For Growth, OECD.
Delice, E. (2013). Uluslararası Örgüt Metinlerinde Yönetişim ve Türkiye Pratiği: Teoriden Uygulamaya Bir İnceleme, Erişim Tarihi:27/09/2019, https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/667891
Dolowitz, D.P. (2003). A Policy-maker’s Guide to Policy Transfer. The Political Quarterly, 74(1): 101-108 (8).
EU. (2021), Regulation (EU) 2021/240 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 February 2021 establishing a Technical Support Instrument.
Eryiğit, B.H. & Sarıca, A. (2018). IMF, Dünya Bankası, OECD’nin Yönetişim Yaklaşımı Ve Kü-Yerelleşme. Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt 6, Sayı 1.
Fuentes, D.D. & Clifton, J. (2014). On the limits of policy transfer: The OECD and “The Rest”. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis Research and Practice.
Greece Country Note (2021). Economic Policy Reforms 2021: Going For Growth, OECD.
Güler, B. (2003). Yönetişim: Tüm İktidar Sermayeye. Praksis, 9, 93-116.
Italy Country Note (2021). Economic Policy Reforms 2021: Going For Growth, OECD.
Italy Country Note (2018). Economic Policy Reforms 2021: Going For Growth, OECD.
Kildal, N. (2003). Perspectives on Policy Transfer-The Case of the OECD. Stein Rokkan Centre For Social Studies, Bergen Unıversity Research Foundation (Working Paper 13).
Lavenex, S. (2015). EU External Governance in ‘Wider Europe’. Journal of European Public Policy, 11:4, 680-700.
Lithuania Country Note (2021). Economic Policy Reforms 2021: Going For Growth, OECD.
Mahon, R. (2009). Standardizing and Disseminating Knowledge: The Role of the OECD in Global Governance. European Political Science Review.
Netherlands Country Note (2021). Economic Policy Reforms 2021: Going For Growth, OECD.
OECD. (2022). International trade during the COVID-19 pandemic: Big shifts and uncertainty
OECD. (2021a). The Territorial Impact of COVID-19: Managing the Crisis and Recovery across Levels of Government
OECD. (2021b). A Balancing Act OECD Economic Outlook, December 2021, Erişim Tarihi:20.08.2022, https://www.oecd.org/economic-outlook/december-2021/
OECD. (2021c). Structural policies to deliver a stronger, more resilient, equitable and sustainable COVID-19 recovery
OECD. (2021d). Insolvency and debt overhang following the COVID-19 outbreak: Assessment of risks and policy responses, OECD Economics Department Working Papers No. 1651
OECD. (2021e). Going for Growth 2021: Shaping a Vibrant Recovery
OECD. (2020). Managing international migration under COVID-19
OECD. (2019a). OECD and European Commission join forces to further support structural reforms in European countries, Erişim Tarihi:20.04.2022, https://www.oecd.org/eu/oecd-and-european-commission-join-forces-to-further-support-structural-reforms-in-european-countries.htm
OECD. (2019b). The OECD Technical Report on Progress on Structural Reform under the G20 Enhanced Structural Reform Agenda (ESRA).
OECD. (2017). Reform Agenda For 2017: Overview and Country Notes, Erişim Tarihi:25.08.2022, https://www.oecd.org/economy/going-for-growth-2017/
OECD. (2014). Recommendation of the Council on Effective Public Investment Across Levels of Government.
Sobacı, M.Z. (2013). Yönetişim ve Politika Transferi: Koşulsallık Bağlamında Bir Analiz. Yönetişim. Çizgi Kitapevi, Konya, 223-248.
Turkey Country Note (2021). Economic Policy Reforms 2021: Going For Growth, OECD.
United Kingdom Country Note (2021). Economic Policy Reforms 2021: Going For Growth, OECD.
Algan, F. M. (2024). Yapısal Reformlar ile OECD’nin Politika Transferi ve Post-Pandemi Politikaları. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 79(4), 753-773. https://doi.org/10.33630/ausbf.1172942
AMA
Algan FM. Yapısal Reformlar ile OECD’nin Politika Transferi ve Post-Pandemi Politikaları. SBF Dergisi. December 2024;79(4):753-773. doi:10.33630/ausbf.1172942
Chicago
Algan, F. Müge. “Yapısal Reformlar Ile OECD’nin Politika Transferi Ve Post-Pandemi Politikaları”. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi 79, no. 4 (December 2024): 753-73. https://doi.org/10.33630/ausbf.1172942.
EndNote
Algan FM (December 1, 2024) Yapısal Reformlar ile OECD’nin Politika Transferi ve Post-Pandemi Politikaları. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi 79 4 753–773.
IEEE
F. M. Algan, “Yapısal Reformlar ile OECD’nin Politika Transferi ve Post-Pandemi Politikaları”, SBF Dergisi, vol. 79, no. 4, pp. 753–773, 2024, doi: 10.33630/ausbf.1172942.
ISNAD
Algan, F. Müge. “Yapısal Reformlar Ile OECD’nin Politika Transferi Ve Post-Pandemi Politikaları”. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi 79/4 (December 2024), 753-773. https://doi.org/10.33630/ausbf.1172942.
JAMA
Algan FM. Yapısal Reformlar ile OECD’nin Politika Transferi ve Post-Pandemi Politikaları. SBF Dergisi. 2024;79:753–773.
MLA
Algan, F. Müge. “Yapısal Reformlar Ile OECD’nin Politika Transferi Ve Post-Pandemi Politikaları”. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, vol. 79, no. 4, 2024, pp. 753-7, doi:10.33630/ausbf.1172942.
Vancouver
Algan FM. Yapısal Reformlar ile OECD’nin Politika Transferi ve Post-Pandemi Politikaları. SBF Dergisi. 2024;79(4):753-7.