Free Trade and Democratization: The Ominous Link in the Case of Egypt
Abstract
This article shall examine the frequently studied relationship between free trade and democratization by taking Egypt as the case study. Egypt has gradually removed barriers against free trade over the years but unlike the claims of some studies in the literature, economic development stemming from free trade policies did not transform Egypt into a country with a more pluralist political system. The reason that trade liberalization has not been instrumental in Egypt’s democratization is related with the fact that Egypt’s trade liberalization policies were designed, negotiated and implemented by a small group of politicians who happened to have close ties with the business world and in some cases, they directly hailed from the business world. Naturally, these policies merely reflect narrow crony capitalist interests, at the expense of other social classes, particularly the middle class. Thus, as far as the Egyptian example is concerned, the relationship between free trade and democratization could be labelled as ominous since middle classes are generally regarded as instrumental in the formation a democratic system and trade liberalization or neoliberal economic policies in general have been pursued to the detriment of middle class Egyptians
Keywords
References
- Referans 1 Abdel-Khalek, Gouda and Mustapha K. Al Sayyid (2011), “Egypt: Development, Liberalization and the Persistence of Autocracy”, Elbadawi, Ibrahim and Samir Makdisi, (Ed.), Democracy in the Arab World: Explaining the Deficit (Abingdon and New York: Routledge): 256-281.
Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
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Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Publication Date
December 6, 2019
Submission Date
January 8, 2019
Acceptance Date
March 22, 2019
Published in Issue
Year 2019 Volume: 74 Number: 4