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The Concept of Civil Religion in Jean-JacquesRousseau

Year 2013, Volume: 68 Issue: 03, 1 - 35, 01.03.2013
https://doi.org/10.1501/SBFder_0000002285

Abstract

This article examines the concept of “civil religion” in Rousseau’s Social Contract. Civil religion, which is very important for Rousseau, is closely related to the other fundamental concepts in the same work such as general will, law, and the Lawgiver. Rousseau believes that a just political regime must be a product of people willing to live together. Rousseau calls this voluntary agreement as the “social contract.” The basis of this regime consists of laws, which are defined by the general will and in turn determine the fair conditions of the social contract. Yet, the realization of this regime depends on an extraordinary figure of a Lawgiver and a civil religion that can resume the work of the Lawgiver. Rousseau conceives civil religion as a preventive institution to prevent the undermining of the social contract by private individuals and groups. Civil religion aims at counteracting the selfish inclinations of individuals that they naturally possess. According to Rousseau, if the self-interest is placed above the common interest, the society and state would dissolve and the state of nature would return. This political role of civil religion is quite important for the right understanding of the concept of civil religion.

References

  • Aristotle (1984), The Politics (Chicago: University of Chicago Press) (Çev.: Carnes Lord).
  • Beiner, Ronald (2010), Civil Religion: A Dialogue in the History of Political Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
  • Bertram, Christopher (2004), Rousseau and the Social Contract (London: Routledge).
  • Butterworth, Charles E. (1982), “Interpretative Essay,” Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, The Reveries of the Solitary Walker (New York: Harper Colophon): 145-241.
  • Crocker, Lester G. (1968), Rousseau’s Social Contract: An Interpretive Essay (Cleveland: Case Western University Press).
  • Gay, Peter (1995), The Enlightenment: An Interpretation, vol. 1, The Rise of Modern Paganism (New York: Norton).
  • Gay, Peter (1996), The Enlightenment: An Interpretation, vol. 2, The Science of Freedom (New York: Norton).
  • Gildin, Hilail (1983),Rousseau’s Social Contract: The Design of the Argument (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).
  • Goldschmidt, Victor (1974), Anthropologie Et Politique: Les Principes Du Système De Rousseau (Paris: Librarie Philosophique J. Vrin).
  • Gourevitch, Victor (2001), “The Religious Thought,” Riley, Patrick (der.), The Cambridge Companion to Rousseau (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press): 193-246.
  • Gözler, Kemal (2008), İngilizce Karşılıklarıyla Hukukun Temel Kavramları (Bursa: Ekin Yayınevi). Gözler, Kemal (2011), Anayasa Hukukunun Genel Teorisi, Cilt I (Bursa: Ekin Yayınevi).
  • Israel,Jonathan I.(2001), Radical Enlightenment: Philosophy and the Making of Modernity 16501750(Oxford: Oxford University Press).
  • Kateb, George (1961), “Aspects of Rousseau’s Political Thought,” Political Science Quarterly 76 (4): 519-43.
  • Kelly, Christopher (1987), “To Persuade without Convincing: The Language of Rousseau’s Legislator,” American Journal of Political Science 31 (2): 321-35.
  • Locke, John (1983), A Letter Concerning Toleration (Indianapolis: Hackett) (Der.: James H. Tully). Machiavelli, Niccolo (1996), Discourses on Livy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press) (Çev.: Harvey Mansfield ve Nathan Tarcov).
  • Masters, Roger D. (1968),The Political Philosophy of Rousseau (Princeton: Princeton University Press).
  • Mostefai, Ourida, ve John T. Scott (der.) (2009),Rousseau and l'Infâme: Religion, Toleration, and Fanaticism in the Age of Enlightenment (Amsterdam: Rodopi).
  • Neidleman, Jason (2010),“‘Par le bon usage de ma liberté’: Freedom and Rousseau’s Reconstituted Christianity,” McDonald, Christie ve Stanley Hoffmann (der.), Rousseau and Freedom (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press): 142-58.
  • Plutarch (1998),Greek Lives (Oxford: Oxford University Press) (Çev.: Robin Waterfield).
  • Rosenblatt, Helena (1997), Rousseau and Geneva: From the First Discourse to The Social Contract, 1749-1762 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1915), The Political Writings of Jean Jacques Rousseau, Cilt II (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) (Der.: C. E. Vaughan).
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1953), The Confessions (Harmondsworth: Penguin) (Çev.: J. M. Cohen).
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1956), Emil Yahut Terbiyeye Dair, Dördüncü Baskı (İstanbul: Türkiye Yayınevi) (Çev.: Hilmi Ziya Ülken, Ali Rıza Ülgener ve Salahattin Güzey).
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1964a), Oeuvres Complètes, Tome III (Paris: Gallimard, Bibliothèque de la Pléiade) (Der.: Bernard Gagnebin ve Marcel Raymond).
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1964b), The First and Second Discourses (New York: St. Martin’s Press) (Der.: Roger D. Masters, çev.: Roger D. Masters ve Judith R. Masters).
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1967), 6 Kitabile Rousseau (Ruso), Üçüncü Baskı (İstanbul: Türkiye Yayınevi) (Der.: Tahsin Demiray).
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1978), On the Social Contract with Geneva Manuscript and Political Economy (New York: St. Martin’s Press) (Der.: Roger D. Masters, çev.: Judith R. Masters).
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1979), Emile; or, On Education (New York: Basic Books) (Çev.: Allan Bloom).
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1982), The Reveries of the Solitary Walker (New York: Harper Colophon) (Çev.: Charles E. Butterworth).
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1997a), The Discourses and Other Early Political Writings (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) (Der. ve çev.: Victor Gourevitch).
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1997b), The Social Contract and Other Political Writings (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) (Der. ve çev.: Victor Gourevitch).
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (2001), Letter to Beaumont, Letters Written From the Mountain, and Related Writings (Hanover, NH: University Press of New England) (Der.: Christopher Kelly ve Eve Grace, çev.: Christopher Kelly ve Judith Bush).
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (2006), Toplum Sözleşmesi (İstanbul: İş Bankası Yayınları) (Çev.: Vedat Günyol).
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (2009), Emile Ya Da Eğitim Üzerine (İstanbul: İş Bankası Yayınları) (Çev.: Yaşar Avunç).
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (2011), Toplumsal Sözleşme ya da Politik Hakkın İlkeleri (İstanbul: İdea) (Çev.: Aziz Yardımlı).
  • Shklar, Judith N. (1985), Men and Citizens: A Study of Rousseau’s Social Theory, İkinci Baskı (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
  • Silk, Mark (2004), “Numa Pompilius and the Idea of Civil Religion in the West,” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 72 (4): 863–96.
  • Talmon, Jacob L. (1952), The Origins of Totalitarian Democracy (London: Secker and Warburg). Trachtenberg, Zev Matthew (1993), Making Citizens: Rousseau’s Political Theory of Culture (London: Routledge).
  • Viroli, Maurizio ve Derek Hanson (1988), Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the ‘Well-Ordered Society’ (Cambridge University Press).
  • Weed, Ronald, ve John von Heyking (der.) (2007),Civil Religion in Political Thought: Its Perennial Questions and Enduring Relevance in North America (Washington, DC: Catholic University of American Press).
  • Wokler, Robert (der.) (1995), Rousseau and Liberty (Manchester: Manchester University Press).

Jean-Jacques Rousseau'da Sivil Din Kavramı

Year 2013, Volume: 68 Issue: 03, 1 - 35, 01.03.2013
https://doi.org/10.1501/SBFder_0000002285

Abstract

Bu makale Rousseau’nun Toplumsal Sözleşme eserindeki “sivil din” kavramını incelemektedir. Rousseau’nun oldukça önem verdiği sivil din, yine bu eserde bahsi geçen genel irade, kanun ve Kanun Koyucu gibi diğer temel kavramlarla yakından ilişkilidir. Rousseau, adil bir siyasal düzenin bir arada yaşama arzusunda olan insanların ortak iradesinin ürünü olması gerektiğine inanır. Bu gönüllü mutabakata Rousseau “toplumsal sözleşme” der. Bu düzenin temeli, genel iradenin belirleyeceği ve toplumsal sözleşmenin adil şartlarını oluşturan kanunlardır. Ancak bu adil düzenin gerçekleşmesi olağanüstü bir Kanun Koyucu figürüne ve onun eserini devam ettirecek bir sivil din kurumuna bağlıdır. Rousseau, sivil dini toplumsal sözleşmenin birey veya gruplar tarafından altının oyulmasını engellemeye yönelik bir önleyici kurum olarak kurgular. Sivil din, toplum düzeni içinde yaşayan insanların doğal hallerinde sahip oldukları kendi çıkarını gözetme eğilimlerini engelleme amacı güder. Rousseau’ya göre, insanların kendi çıkarlarını toplumun ortak çıkarlarının önüne geçirmeleri durumunda, toplum ve devlet ortadan kalkacak ve doğal çatışma hali geri gelecektir. Sivil dine biçilen bu siyasi rol, sivil din kavramının doğru anlaşılabilmesi için oldukça önem arz eder.

References

  • Aristotle (1984), The Politics (Chicago: University of Chicago Press) (Çev.: Carnes Lord).
  • Beiner, Ronald (2010), Civil Religion: A Dialogue in the History of Political Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
  • Bertram, Christopher (2004), Rousseau and the Social Contract (London: Routledge).
  • Butterworth, Charles E. (1982), “Interpretative Essay,” Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, The Reveries of the Solitary Walker (New York: Harper Colophon): 145-241.
  • Crocker, Lester G. (1968), Rousseau’s Social Contract: An Interpretive Essay (Cleveland: Case Western University Press).
  • Gay, Peter (1995), The Enlightenment: An Interpretation, vol. 1, The Rise of Modern Paganism (New York: Norton).
  • Gay, Peter (1996), The Enlightenment: An Interpretation, vol. 2, The Science of Freedom (New York: Norton).
  • Gildin, Hilail (1983),Rousseau’s Social Contract: The Design of the Argument (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).
  • Goldschmidt, Victor (1974), Anthropologie Et Politique: Les Principes Du Système De Rousseau (Paris: Librarie Philosophique J. Vrin).
  • Gourevitch, Victor (2001), “The Religious Thought,” Riley, Patrick (der.), The Cambridge Companion to Rousseau (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press): 193-246.
  • Gözler, Kemal (2008), İngilizce Karşılıklarıyla Hukukun Temel Kavramları (Bursa: Ekin Yayınevi). Gözler, Kemal (2011), Anayasa Hukukunun Genel Teorisi, Cilt I (Bursa: Ekin Yayınevi).
  • Israel,Jonathan I.(2001), Radical Enlightenment: Philosophy and the Making of Modernity 16501750(Oxford: Oxford University Press).
  • Kateb, George (1961), “Aspects of Rousseau’s Political Thought,” Political Science Quarterly 76 (4): 519-43.
  • Kelly, Christopher (1987), “To Persuade without Convincing: The Language of Rousseau’s Legislator,” American Journal of Political Science 31 (2): 321-35.
  • Locke, John (1983), A Letter Concerning Toleration (Indianapolis: Hackett) (Der.: James H. Tully). Machiavelli, Niccolo (1996), Discourses on Livy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press) (Çev.: Harvey Mansfield ve Nathan Tarcov).
  • Masters, Roger D. (1968),The Political Philosophy of Rousseau (Princeton: Princeton University Press).
  • Mostefai, Ourida, ve John T. Scott (der.) (2009),Rousseau and l'Infâme: Religion, Toleration, and Fanaticism in the Age of Enlightenment (Amsterdam: Rodopi).
  • Neidleman, Jason (2010),“‘Par le bon usage de ma liberté’: Freedom and Rousseau’s Reconstituted Christianity,” McDonald, Christie ve Stanley Hoffmann (der.), Rousseau and Freedom (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press): 142-58.
  • Plutarch (1998),Greek Lives (Oxford: Oxford University Press) (Çev.: Robin Waterfield).
  • Rosenblatt, Helena (1997), Rousseau and Geneva: From the First Discourse to The Social Contract, 1749-1762 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1915), The Political Writings of Jean Jacques Rousseau, Cilt II (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) (Der.: C. E. Vaughan).
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1953), The Confessions (Harmondsworth: Penguin) (Çev.: J. M. Cohen).
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1956), Emil Yahut Terbiyeye Dair, Dördüncü Baskı (İstanbul: Türkiye Yayınevi) (Çev.: Hilmi Ziya Ülken, Ali Rıza Ülgener ve Salahattin Güzey).
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1964a), Oeuvres Complètes, Tome III (Paris: Gallimard, Bibliothèque de la Pléiade) (Der.: Bernard Gagnebin ve Marcel Raymond).
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1964b), The First and Second Discourses (New York: St. Martin’s Press) (Der.: Roger D. Masters, çev.: Roger D. Masters ve Judith R. Masters).
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1967), 6 Kitabile Rousseau (Ruso), Üçüncü Baskı (İstanbul: Türkiye Yayınevi) (Der.: Tahsin Demiray).
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1978), On the Social Contract with Geneva Manuscript and Political Economy (New York: St. Martin’s Press) (Der.: Roger D. Masters, çev.: Judith R. Masters).
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1979), Emile; or, On Education (New York: Basic Books) (Çev.: Allan Bloom).
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1982), The Reveries of the Solitary Walker (New York: Harper Colophon) (Çev.: Charles E. Butterworth).
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1997a), The Discourses and Other Early Political Writings (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) (Der. ve çev.: Victor Gourevitch).
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1997b), The Social Contract and Other Political Writings (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) (Der. ve çev.: Victor Gourevitch).
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (2001), Letter to Beaumont, Letters Written From the Mountain, and Related Writings (Hanover, NH: University Press of New England) (Der.: Christopher Kelly ve Eve Grace, çev.: Christopher Kelly ve Judith Bush).
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (2006), Toplum Sözleşmesi (İstanbul: İş Bankası Yayınları) (Çev.: Vedat Günyol).
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (2009), Emile Ya Da Eğitim Üzerine (İstanbul: İş Bankası Yayınları) (Çev.: Yaşar Avunç).
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (2011), Toplumsal Sözleşme ya da Politik Hakkın İlkeleri (İstanbul: İdea) (Çev.: Aziz Yardımlı).
  • Shklar, Judith N. (1985), Men and Citizens: A Study of Rousseau’s Social Theory, İkinci Baskı (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
  • Silk, Mark (2004), “Numa Pompilius and the Idea of Civil Religion in the West,” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 72 (4): 863–96.
  • Talmon, Jacob L. (1952), The Origins of Totalitarian Democracy (London: Secker and Warburg). Trachtenberg, Zev Matthew (1993), Making Citizens: Rousseau’s Political Theory of Culture (London: Routledge).
  • Viroli, Maurizio ve Derek Hanson (1988), Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the ‘Well-Ordered Society’ (Cambridge University Press).
  • Weed, Ronald, ve John von Heyking (der.) (2007),Civil Religion in Political Thought: Its Perennial Questions and Enduring Relevance in North America (Washington, DC: Catholic University of American Press).
  • Wokler, Robert (der.) (1995), Rousseau and Liberty (Manchester: Manchester University Press).
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Özgüç Orhan This is me

Publication Date March 1, 2013
Submission Date July 31, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 68 Issue: 03

Cite

APA Orhan, Ö. (2013). Jean-Jacques Rousseau’da Sivil Din Kavramı. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 68(03), 1-35. https://doi.org/10.1501/SBFder_0000002285
AMA Orhan Ö. Jean-Jacques Rousseau’da Sivil Din Kavramı. SBF Dergisi. March 2013;68(03):1-35. doi:10.1501/SBFder_0000002285
Chicago Orhan, Özgüç. “Jean-Jacques Rousseau’da Sivil Din Kavramı”. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi 68, no. 03 (March 2013): 1-35. https://doi.org/10.1501/SBFder_0000002285.
EndNote Orhan Ö (March 1, 2013) Jean-Jacques Rousseau’da Sivil Din Kavramı. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi 68 03 1–35.
IEEE Ö. Orhan, “Jean-Jacques Rousseau’da Sivil Din Kavramı”, SBF Dergisi, vol. 68, no. 03, pp. 1–35, 2013, doi: 10.1501/SBFder_0000002285.
ISNAD Orhan, Özgüç. “Jean-Jacques Rousseau’da Sivil Din Kavramı”. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi 68/03 (March 2013), 1-35. https://doi.org/10.1501/SBFder_0000002285.
JAMA Orhan Ö. Jean-Jacques Rousseau’da Sivil Din Kavramı. SBF Dergisi. 2013;68:1–35.
MLA Orhan, Özgüç. “Jean-Jacques Rousseau’da Sivil Din Kavramı”. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, vol. 68, no. 03, 2013, pp. 1-35, doi:10.1501/SBFder_0000002285.
Vancouver Orhan Ö. Jean-Jacques Rousseau’da Sivil Din Kavramı. SBF Dergisi. 2013;68(03):1-35.