Şiddet İçermeyen Bir Eylem Olarak Dolaylı Tüketici Boykotlarının Oluşum Süreci Ve Türkiye İçin Değerlendirme

Year 2007, Volume: 62 Issue: 03, 79 - 100, 01.03.2007

Betül Balıkçıoğlu Akın Koçak Alper Özer

https://doi.org/10.1501/SBFder_0000002034

Cited By: 7

Abstract

Keywords

-

ŞİDDET İÇERMEYEN BİR EYLEM OLARAK DOLAYLI TÜKETİCİ BOYKOTLARININ OLUŞUM SÜRECİ VE TÜRKİYE İÇİN DEĞERLENDİRME

Abstract

Yeni toplumsal hareketlerin bir türü olarak tüketicilerin bir işletmenin ve/veya bir ülkenin uygulamalarına karşı tepki amaçlı olarak, o işletmenin ve/veya ülkenin ürünlerini almama kararı olarak ifade edilebilecek tüketici boykotları son yıllarda işletme ve pazarlama literatüründe ağırlıklı olarak ele alınmaya başlayan konulardandır. Dolaylı tüketici boykotunun oluşumunda; tüketici etnosantrizmi, etnosatrik eğilimi oluşturan milliyetçilik, vatanseverlik ile düşmanlığın dolaylı boykotun oluşum sürecinde önemli etkilerinin oluğu düşünülmektedir. Bunun yanında bireyin boykotun başarısı konusundaki değerlendirmesi, ağızdan ağıza iletişim ile boykota konu olan ürünün günlük yaşamdaki gerekliliği ve/veya alternatiflerinin bulunabilirliği de boykot kararında etkili olmaktadır. Ayrıca marka ile üretim yeri kökenlerindeki farklılık da boykot kararına etki yapmaktadır. Bu çalışmada iki ülke arasındaki sorunlara veya bir ülkenin uygulamalarına tepki amaçlı olan dolaylı tüketici boykotunun oluşum süreci tartışılarak, Türkiye özelinde konunun değerlendirmesi yapılmaktadır.

Keywords

Tüketici boykotu, dolaylı tüketici boykotu, etnosantrizm, marka kökeni, ağızdan ağıza iletişim

References

• AUSTIN, R. (1994), “A Nation of Thieves’: Securing Black People’s Right to Shop and to Sell in White America, Utah L.R.197.
• BALABANIS, G./ DIAMANTOPOULOS, A./ MUELLER, .R. D./ MELEWAR, T. C. (2001), The Impact of Nationalism, Patriotism and Internationalism on Consumer Ethnocentric Tendencies,” Journal of International Business Studies, 32/1: 157-175.
• BAUGHN, C.C./ YAPRAK, A. (1996), “Economic Nationalism: Conceptual and Empirical Development,” Political Psychology, 17/4: 759-778.
• DJERDJERIAN, T. (2003), “Local and Global Encounters: Politics, Consumption and the Fueling of Grassroots Boycott in Alexandria, Egypt,” A Thesis in The Department of Sociology and Anthropology, (Montreal, Canada: Concordia University).
• DRUCKMAN, Daniel (1994), “Nationalism, Patriotism and Group Loyalty: A Social Psychological Perspective,” International Studies Quarterly, 38/52: 43-68.
• ETTENSON, R./ SMITH, N.C./ KLEIN, J./ JOHN, A. (2006), “Rethinking Consumer Boycotts,” MIT Sloan Management Review (Summer), 47/4: 6-7.
• ETTENSON, Richard/ KLEIN, Jil. G. (2005), “The Fallout from French Nuclear Testing in the South Pacific: A Longitudinal Study of Consumer Boycotts,” International Marketing Review, 22/2: 199-224.
• FRIEDMAN, M. (1996), “Grassroots Groups Confront the Corporation: Contemporary Strategies in Historical Perspective,” Journal of Social Issues, 51/1: 153- 167.
• FETTER, F.A. (1911), The Principles of Economics, (New York: the Century Company). FRIEDMAN, M., (1999), Consumer Boycotts: Effecting Change through the Market Place and the Media, London: Routledge.
• FRITZ, S. (2007), “DaimlerChrysler ‘boşanıyor’,” http://www2.dw-world.de/turkish/wirtschaft/ 1.219226.1.html, 04.04.2007
• GARRETT, E.D. (1987), “The Effectiveness of Marketing Policy Boycotts: Environmental Opposition to Marketing,” Journal of Marketing, 51/ April: 46- 57.
• HAN, C. Min (1988), “The Role of Consumer Patriotism in the Choice of Domestic Versus Foreign Product,” Journal of Advertising Research, 28/3: 25-30.
• http://www.essentialaction.org/shell/issues.html, 04.04.2007.
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahimsa 15.01.2007.
• HUDDLESTON, P./ GOOD, L. K./ STOEL, L., (2001), “Consumer Ethnocentrism, Product Necessity and Polish Consumers’ Perceptions Of Quality,” International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 29/5: 236-246.
• INNES, R. (2006), “A Theory of Consumer Boycotts under Symmetric Information and Imperfect Competition, The Economic Journal, 116/April: 355–38.
• JAVALGI, R. G./ KHARE, V. P./ GROSS, A.C./ SCHERER, R.F, (2005), “An Application of the Consumer Ethnocentrism Model to French Consumers,” International Business Review, 14/3: 325-344.
• KEANE, J. (1994), “Nations, Nationalism and Citizens in Europe,” International Social Science Journal, 140: 69 - 184.
• KEEGAN, W.J. / GREEN, M.C. (2003), Global Marketing (Third Edition) (New Jersey: Prentice Hall).
• KLEIN, J.G./ ETTENSON, R. (1999), “Consumer Animosity and Consumer Ethnocentrism: An Analysis of Unique Antecedents,” Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 11/4: 5-24
• KLEIN, J. G./ ETTENSON, R./ MORRIS, M. D., (1998), “The Animosity Model of Foreign Product Purchase: An Empirical Test in the People’s Republic of China,” Journal of Marketing, 62/1: 89-101.
• KLEIN, J.G / SMITH, N.C. (2001), “Exploring Motivations for Participation in Consumer Boycott,” Centre for Marketing Working Paper, No: 01701, November.
• LAIDLER, H.W. (1963), Boycotts and the Labor Struggle: Economic and Legal Aspects, NY, Russell and Russell.
• LINDSEY, R. (1983), “Chavez and Farm Workers Adapt Tactics to the Times”, New York Times, July 31: 20.
• MAHONEY, P.G. (1984), A Market Power Test for Non-Commercial Boycotts, Yale.L.J.
• MARTINEZ, L.T./ IBANEZ-ZAPATA, J./ BARRIO-GARCIA, S., (2000), “Consumer ethnocentrism: An assessment of the reliability and validity of the CETSCALE in Spain,” European Journal of Marketing, 34/(11/12): 1353-1374.
• MERTON, Thomas (2001), Gandhi ve Şiddet Dışı Direniş (Kaknüs Yayınları) (Çev. Seda Çiftçi).
• NIJSSEN, E.J. / DOUGLAS, S.P. (2004), “Examining the animosity model in a country with a high level of foreign trade,” International Journal of Research in Marketing, 21/1: 23-38.
• SAMIEE, S., (1994), “Costumer evaluation of products in a global market,” Journal of International Business Studies, 25/3: 579-604.
• SEN, S., Gürhan-Canlı, Z. Morwitz, V. (2001), “Withholding Consumption: A Social Dilemma Perspective on Consumer Behaviour,” Journal of Consumer Research, 28/3: 399-417.
• SHARMA, A./ SHIMP, T.S./ SHIN, J., (1995), “Consumer ethnocentrism: a test of antecedents and moderators,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 23/1: 26–37.
• SHAW, D./ NEWHOLM, T./ DICKINSON, R. (2006), “Consumption as voting:an exploration of consumer empowerment,” European Journal of Marketing, 40/ (9/10): 1049-1067.
• SHIMP, T.A./ SHARMA, S. (1987), “Consumer ethnocentrism: construction and validation of the CETSCALE,” Journal of Marketing Research, 24/3: 280-289.
• SMITH, H.P./ E.W. Rosen (1958), “Some Psychological Correlates of World-mindedness and Authoritarianism,” Journal of Personality, 26/2: 170-183.
• SMITH, N.C. (1990), Morality and the Market Consumer Pressure for Corporate Accountability (New York: Routledge).
• TARROW, Sidney (1994), Power in Movement (Cambridge University Press).
• The Economist, Mobil Corporation, “Staying the course vs. cut and run,” Advertisement (19 October 1996).
• THOMAS G.M. (2005), “Building the Buzz in the Hive Mind,” Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 4/1: 64-72.
• TREBILCOCK, M.J (1975), Winners and Losers in the Modern Regulatory System: Must the Consumer Always Lose?, 13 Osgoode Hall L.J.619.
• WARD, W.P. (1990), White Canada Forever: Popular Attitudes and Public Policy Toward Orientals in British Columbia, McGill-Queen’s University Press, Montreal.
• WATERS, P.M. Christopher (1997), “Consumer Boycotts in the New Economy: How Should the Common Law Respond?”, Master of Laws Thesis, McGill University, Montreal.
• WATSON, J.J./ WRIGHT, K., (1999), “Consumer Ethnocentrism and Attitudes toward domestic and Foreign Products,” European Journal of Marketing, 34/9/10: 1149-1166.
• WEINSTEIN, N. (1998), “Will Jews boycott Chrysler after buyout by Mercedes?,” http://www.jewishsf.com/bk980522/1amercedes.htm 04.04.2007
• WILSON, C. “Gag me with a suit” (Montreal) Hour (11 September 1997): 7.
• ZALD, M.N./ ASH, A. (1966), “Social Movement Organizations: Growth, Decay and Change,” Social Forces, 44: 327.