Türkiye-AB İlişkilerini Yeniden Biçimlendirmek: Gümrük Birliğine Alternatif Olarak Farklılaştırılmış Entegrasyon “İsviçre Modeli”?

Year 2021, Volume: 76 Issue: 2, 493 - 521, 28.06.2021

Serdar Altay

https://doi.org/10.33630/ausbf.593006

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Brexit
süreci bağlamında tartışılan Avrupa Birliği (AB) ile alternatif farklılaştırılmış
entegrasyon modelleri yakın tarihin en derin kriziyle karşı karşıya olan Avrupa
ve Türkiye için çözüm arayışındaki paydaşlar için ilham kaynağı olabilir.
Gelecek dönemde gerçekleşecek bir gümrük birliği modernizasyonu müzakereleri
Türkiye-AB ilişkilerini Norveç ve İsviçre vakalarındaki gibi daha güçlü bir dış
farklılaştırılmış entegrasyon şekline dönüştürmek ve gümrük birliğinin şimdiki
yapısından kaynaklı sorunların tamiri için bir fırsat yaratabilir. Bu makale
İsviçre örneğini gümrük birliği güncelleme sürecinde değerlendirilebileceği
düşüncesiyle Türkiye ve AB arasında alternatif bir entegrasyon modeli olarak
incelemektedir. Makale İsviçre modelinin hem halihazırdaki gümrük birliği hem
de Avrupa Komisyonu (AK) tarafından gümrük birliğinin güncellenmesi için Aralık
2016’da ortaya atılan iki senaryosu ile kıyaslamalı bir analizini yapmaktadır.
İsviçre modelinin yakın gelecekteki Türk-AB ilişkileri için potansiyel avantaj
ve dezavantajlarını ortaya koyan makale İsviçre’nin “serbest ticaret anlaşması
artı” modelinin hem var olan gümrük birliği hem de AK tarafından önerilen iki
senaryodan daha iyi bir alternatif teşkil ettiğini iddia etmektedir. 

Keywords

Avrupa entegrasyonu, Türk-AB ilişkileri, gümrük birliği, farklılaştırılmış entegrasyon, İsviçre modeli

Remolding Turkey-EU Relations: The ‘Swiss Model’ of Differentiated Integration as an Alternative to the Customs Union?

Abstract

Alternative
models of differentiated integration with the European Union (EU) discussed in
the context of Brexit might be inspiring for European and Turkish stakeholders
who are concerned with overcoming the deepest crisis in bilateral relations of
recent history. The forthcoming customs union modernization negotiations are likely to
create an opportunity to bring Turkey-EU
relations to a stronger mode of external differentiated integration as in cases
of Norway or Switzerland and fix problems aroused by the current structure of
the customs union. This paper examines Switzerland’s case as an alternative model of
integration between Turkey and the EU which can be considered during the
upgrade process. The paper compares and contrasts the Swiss model with the
existing customs union and the European Commission’s (EC) two upgrade scenarios
for the customs union which were proposed in December 2016. It lays out
potential advantages and disadvantages of a Swiss model for Turkish-EU
relations in the coming future and argues that Switzerland’s “free trade
agreement plus” model provides a better alternative than the current form of the
customs union and the EC’s scenarios. 

Keywords

European integration, Turkey-EU relations, Swiss model, Customs union, Differentiated integration

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