Zoonotik Salgınlar ve Çevre-Güvenlik Bağlantılarında Nedensellik Sorunu

Year 2024, Volume: 79 Issue: 4, 701 - 724, 12.12.2024

Yelda Erçandırlı

https://doi.org/10.33630/ausbf.1363219

Abstract

Bu makale zoonotik salgınlar-çevre sorunları ve güvenlik arasındaki ilişkilerin önemine dair son dönemde artan tartışmalara müdahil olmaktadır. Makalede, zoonotik salgınlar ve çevre-güvenlik bağlantıları ile ilişkili olarak nedensellik sorununa dayanan -mevcut literatüre alternatif- bir başlangıç noktası sunulacaktır. Makalenin amacı özgürleştirici bir sosyo-biyolojik güvenlik anlayışının gelişimine katkıda bulunmaktır. Makalede, “kimin için, ne için güvenlik” sorusuna odaklanan mevcut literatürün, doğa ve toplum arasındaki ilişkiselliği ve nedensel mekanizmaları göz ardı ettiği iddia ediliyor. Makale, felsefi düzlemde eleştirel gerçekçiliğin, kuramsal düzlemde ise Marksizm’in toplum bilimlerine yaptığı katkıdan besleniyor. Eleştirel gerçekçiliğin ön plana çıkardığı materyalist- diyalektik soyutlamalar güvensizliğin altında yatan mekanizmalara vurgu yapmamıza yardımcı olurken, eleştirel gerçekçilikle desteklenmiş Marksist yaklaşım pratikte sorunun nasıl çözüleceğine odaklanır. Bu bakımdan makale, tartışmanın odağını güvenliğin nesnesi ne olmalı (devlet, insan veya doğa) sorusundan güvensizliği ortaya çıkaran yapı ve mekanizmalar arasındaki nedenselliğe kaydırmaktadır. Buna uygun olarak makalede sosyo-biyolojik güvensizliklerin bir tesadüf sonucu ortaya çıkmadığı da savunulmaktadır.

Keywords

Gerçekçilik, Nedensellik, Çevresel Güvenlik, Zoonotik Salgınlar, Doğa-Toplum İlişkisi

The Problem of Causation in the linkage of Environment- Security and Zoonotic Pandemics

Abstract

This article aims to be an intervention into the recent discussions on the importance of the relations among zoonotic pandemics- environmental problems and security. It offers an alternative critical starting point based on the concept of causality in relation to the linkage of environment- security and zoonotic pandemics. The purpose of the article is to contribute to the development of an emancipatory understanding of socio-biological security. The article argues that the existing literature focusing on the question of “security: for whom, from what” ignores the relationality between society and nature and causal mechanisms. It is inspired by the contribution of critical realism at the philosophical level and Marxism on the theoretical level to the social sciences. While the material- dialectical abstractions brought to the fore by critical realism help us to emphasize the mechanisms underlying insecurity, the Marxist approach, informed by critical realism, focuses on how to solve the problem in practice. In this respect, the article shifts the focus of the discussion from the question of what should be the object of security (state, human or nature) to the causality between the structures and mechanisms that emerge insecurity. Accordingly, the article argues that socio-biological insecurities do not emerge as a result of coincidence.

Keywords

Critical Realism, Causality, Environmental Security, Zoonotic Pandemic, Nature- Society Relations

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