Factors Affecting the Clinical Experience of Nursing Students in Turkey: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Türkiye’de Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Klinik Uygulama Deneyimlerini Etkileyen Faktörler: Sistematik Derleme

Abstract

Amaç: Türkiye’ de hemşirelik öğrencilerinin klinik uygulama deneyimlerini etkileyen faktörleri belirlemektir. Yöntem: Bu çalışma sistematik derleme türündedir. Çalışma, Ulakbim Türk Tıp Veritabanı, Türk Medline, EBSCO Host ve Pubmed,veri tabanları taranarak yürütüldü. Tarama, Türkçe dilinde; “klinik deneyim”, “klinik uygulama”, “klinik eğitim”, “Öğrenciler, hemşirelik”, İngilizce dilinde; “clinical experience”, “clinical practice”, “clinical education”, “Students, Nursing”, “Turkey” anahtar kelimeleri ile, Ocak-Şubat 2020 tarihlerinde yapıldı. Tarama ve bulguların raporlandırılması PRISMA bildirimi kontrol listesi rehber alınarak yürütüldü. Bulgular: Dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan 21 makale incelemeye dahil edildi. İnceleme sonucunda; öğrencilerin klinik uygulama deneyimlerini etkileyen faktörler dört başlıkta ele alındı. Bunlar; “öğrenciler ile ilişkili bireysel faktörler; cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi, mesleki algı, duygular, baş etme stratejileri, bilgi düzeyi, akademik performans ve akran desteği”; “klinik eğitimci ile ilişkili faktörler; eğitimcinin tutumları”; “klinik eğitimin planlaması ile ilişkili faktörler; eğitimci sayısı, oryantasyon, eğitim ile uygulamanın örtüşmesi, eğitim yöntemi, öğrenme sürecinin yönetimi” ve “klinik uygulama çevresi ile ilişkili faktörler; fiziksel ortam, sorumluluk alanı dışında verilen görevler, malzeme ve ekipman desteği, diğer sağlık ekibi üyeleri, hasta ve yakınları, kliniğin çalışma sistemi” idi. Sonuç: Öğrencilerin klinik uygulama deneyimlerini etkileyen faktörlerin tüm yönleri ile ele alınması, öğrenme süreçlerini destekleyici yaklaşımlar ve pozitif deneyimler için ulusal düzeyde stratejilerin geliştirilmesi önerilebilir. Klinik eğitim süreçlerinin planlanmasında öğrencilerin deneyimlerini etkileyebilecek durumlar tüm boyutları ile ele alınmalıdır. Öğrenci merkezli düşünme, kapsamlı yaklaşım için yol gösterici olacaktır.

Keywords

• Klinik eğitim
• klinik deneyim
• klinik uygulama
• hemşirelik öğrencisi

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