Annelerin Bebeklerini Anne Sütünden Ayırırken Kullandıkları Geleneksel Yöntemlerin Belirlenmesi*

Abstract

Objectives: This research was carried out to determine the traditional methods used by mothers to wean infants from breastfeeding. Materials and Methods: Descriptive type of planned study was conducted on mothers who referred to the pediatric polyclinic of a training and research hospital in the province of Ordu between 25 July and 25 August 2017. The universe of research mothers with children between 2-5 years of age (n=362) who applied to the pediatric outpatient clinic, the sample consisted of the mothers who met the research criteria (n=271). “Questionnaire Form” was used as data collection tool. Before starting the study, written permission from Ordu province Public Hospitals Union and verbal consent from mothers who participated in the study were taken. The data were assessed by using descriptive statistics, chi-square test and t-test. Results: It was found that the average time it took the mothers in the study to wean their infants was 15.96±9.34 month, 25.1% had difficulties while weaning their infants and 25.5% used traditional methods. Of the mothers who used traditional methods, it was found that 48% put tomato paste on their nipples, 28.4% put pepper, 25.4% gave nutritional supplement with feeding bottle, 20.7% gave pacifier, 14% sent the infant to another place, 11.1% taped the nipple with a black tape and 10% applied black on the nipple. Of the mothers who used traditional method, 55.1% stated that they learned the method from family members, 85.5% stated that the method used worked, 69.6% stated that the infant reacted to the method by crying and 68.3% stated that they had difficulty in applying the method. Conclusion: Within the context of the study, some of the mothers stated that they used traditional methods to wean the infant and most of the mothers stated that their infants reacted to the method used by crying. According to these results, it is recommended that breast-feeding mothers are given training and counseling about weaning by nurses.

Keywords

• Breast Milk
• Weaning
• Traditional Method
• Nursing

References

1. 1. Dinç A, Dombaz İ, Dinç D. 6-18 ay arası bebeği olan annelerin emzirme ve anne sütüne ilişkin geleneksel uygulamaları. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2015;4:125-130.
2. 2. World Health Organization. Global data bank on infant and young child feeding, p.3-37, Geneva. 2009.
3. 3. Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü Ankara, Türkiye. 2013.
4. 4. Unicef. Breastfeeding. https://www.unicef.org/nutrition/index_24824.html. Erişim:10.07.2018.
5. 5. Olcay Kademoğlu, S. Bebek gelişimi: Bebeğimi ne zaman ve nasıl sütten kesmeliyim? http://www.istanbulparentingclass.com/makaleler/bebegimine- zaman-ve-nasil-sutten-kesmeliyim.html. Erişim:11.07.2018
6. 6. World Health Organization. Gaza Strip Initial Health Needs Assessment. World Health Organization, Geneva. 2009.
7. 7. Sinem O. Bebek Gelişimi: Bebeğimi ne zaman ve nasıl sütten kesmeliyim? http://www.istanbulparentingclass.com/makaleler.php?id=29. Erişim: 16.07.2018.
8. 8. Canadian Paediatric Society. Weaning your child from breastfeeding. Paediatr Child Health. 2004;9:254-255.

9. 9. Tanrıkulu PÇ. 6-24 Ay Arası Bebeği Olan Annelerin Emzirmeye İlişkin Bilgi Düzeylerinin, Emzirme Sürelerinin ve Bunları Etkileyen Faktörlerin İncelenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara 2011.
10. 10. Aykut M. Bebek beslenmesi ve anne sütü, içinde: Halk Sağlığı Genel Bilgiler, Öztürk Y, Günay O (ed.), Erciyes Üniversitesi Yayınları, Kayseri, 2011:1319- 1348.
11. 11. Abu Hamad BA, Sammour HK. Weaning practices of mothers attending United Nations Relief and Works Agency health centres in the Gaza Governorates. JAN 2013;69:773-781.
12. 12. Gürarslan Baş N, Karatay G, Arikan D. Weaning practices of mothers in eastern Turkey. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2018;94:498-503.
13. 13. Al-Sagarat AY, Al-Kharabsheh A. Traditional practices adopted by Jordanian mothers when caring for their infants in rural areas. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2017;14:1-9.
14. 14. Bohler E, Ingstad B. The struggle of weaning: factors determining breastfeeding duration in East Bhutan. Soc Sci Med. 1996;43:1805-1815.
15. 15. Khan ME. Breastfeeding and weaning practices in India. Asia Pac Popul J. 1990;5:71-88.
16. 16. Özyazıcıoğlu N, Öncel S. Kültürlerarası Hemşirelik. İçinde: Seviğ Ü, Tanrıverdi G, editörler. Çocuk Bakımında Kültürel (Geleneksel) Yaklaşımlar. 1.Baskı. İstanbul: İstanbul Tıp Kitabevi. 2012:207-211.
17. 17. Dandekar RH, Shafee M, Kumar R. Breastfeeding and weaning practices among literate mothers A community based study in rural area of Perambalur taluk, Tamil Nadu. The Health Agenda. 2014;2:15-21.
18. 18. American Academy of Pediatrics. Pediatric Nutrition Handbook. American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, IL. 2009.
19. 19. Radwan H. Patterns and determinants of breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices of Emirati mothers in the United Arab Emirates. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:171.
20. 20. Piwoz EG, Huffman SL, Lusk D, et al. Issues, risks, and challenges of early breast feeding cessation to reduce postnatal transmission of HIV in Africa 2001. Washington, DC: Academy for Educational Development, 2001.
21. 21. Khan A, Radha R. Breast feeding and weaning practices of mothers in a rural area - A cross-sectional study. Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2013;2:857-861.
22. 22. Beyhan Aİ. Kemerhisar-Bahçeli’de inançlar, yerel adlar, takma adlar ve sağıltmacılık, Türk halk kültüründen derlemeler. Ankara, Kültür Bakanlığı:1625, Halk Kültürü Araştırma ve Geliştirme Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları:209, Süreli Yayınlar Dizisi. 1995;29:41-74.
23. 23. Agboado G, Michel E, Jackson E, et al. Factors associated with breastfeeding cessation in nursing mothers in a peer support programme in Eastern Lancashire. BMC Pediatrics 2010;10:2-10.
24. 24. Ong G, Yap M, Li FL, et al. Impact of working status on breastfeeding in Singapore. Evidence from the National Breastfeeding Survey 2001. Eur J Public Health. 2005;15:424-430.
25. 25. Daniel W. Weaning, complementary feeding and maternal decision making n a rural east African pastoral population. J Hum Lact. 2001;17:233-244.
26. 26. Yorgancı Sökücü F, Aslan E. Kadının çalışma durumunun emzirmeye etkisi. İ.Ü.F.N. Hem. Derg. 2012;20:62-68.