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Evaluation of Toxoplasmosis Serology Results and Test Request Dynamics in Ankara University Medical Faculty Hospitals

Year 2025, Volume: 78 Issue: 3, 207 - 215, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.65092/autfm.1747748

Abstract

Background: Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is one of the most common parasitic diseases in the world and in our country. Serological methods are mainly used for diagnosis; however, there are some difficulties in the diagnosis of acute infection.
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-Toxoplasma IgM and anti-Toxoplasma IgG results of serum samples sent to Ankara University İbni Sina Research and Training Hospital from various clinics, as well as the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients.
Materials and Methods: Blood sample results from January 1, 2021, to September 1, 2024, were assessed. Anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were examined using the Elecsys kit in the Cobas device with the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay technique.
Results: Anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM positivity rates were found to be 23.95% and 1.30%, respectively, between the specified dates. IgG results were positive in 21.54% of women and 30.48% of men. There was a statistically significant difference between the two genders (p<0.001). It was discovered that 1.19% of males and 1.34% of women had reactive anti-Toxoplasma IgM results; however, the difference was not statistically significant between the two genders (p=0.667). Most patients who tested positive for anti-Toxoplasma IgM and IgG were 80 years of age or above. Anti-Toxoplasma IgG positivity was highest in immunocompromised adult and pediatric clinics (44.06% and 42.21%, respectively); however, the adult infection service had the highest percentage (1.59%) for IgM positivity.
Conclusion: Studies conducted in Türkiye revealed that the range of anti-Toxoplasma IgG positivity varied between 20.3% and 69.6%. Our study’s anti-Toxoplasma IgG positivity rate was between this range near the lower limit and consistent with prior studies conducted in Ankara. Studies in Türkiye have shown that IgM seropositivity varied from 0% to 9.7%. The anti-Toxoplasma IgM positivity ratio of our study was in this range and close to the lower limit similar to the anti-Toxoplasma IgG.

References

  • Hill D, Dubey JP. Toxoplasma gondii: transmission, diagnosis and prevention. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2002;8(10):634-640.
  • Madireddy S, Mangat R. Toxoplasmosis. Last accessed date: 2025 January 9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563286/
  • Marín-García PJ, Planas N, Llobat L. Toxoplasma gondii in Foods: Prevalence, Control, and Safety. Foods. 2022;11(16):2542.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Toxoplasmosis. [Internet]. [Retrieved on March 20, 2025]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/ toxoplasmosis/about/index.html.
  • Murata FH, Ferreira MN, Camargo NS, Santos GS, Spegiorin LC, Silveira- Carvalho AP, Pereira-Chioccola VL, Mattos LC, Mattos CC. Frequency of anti- Toxoplasma gondii IgA, IgM, and IgG antibodies in high-risk pregnancies, in Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2016;49(4):512-4.
  • Vargas-Villavicencio JA, Cañedo-Solares I, Correa D. Anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM Long Persistence: What Are the Underlying Mechanisms? Microorganisms. 2022;10(8):1659.
  • Nasir IA, Shehu MS, Adekola HA. Anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG avidity testing is necessary for diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2017;12(1):87-88.
  • Teimouri A, Mohtasebi S, Kazemirad E, Keshavarz H. Role of Toxoplasma gondii IgG Avidity Testing in Discriminating between Acute and Chronic Toxoplasmosis in Pregnancy. J Clin Microbiol. 2020; 58(9):e00505-20.
  • Mose JM, Kagira JM, Kamau DM, Maina NW, Ngotho M, Karanja SM. A Review on the Present Advances on Studies of Toxoplasmosis in Eastern Africa. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020:7135268.
  • Kuk S, Özden M. Hastanemizde dört yıllık Toxoplasma gondii seropozitifliğinin araştırılması. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2007;31(1): 1-3.
  • Uysal A, Cüce M, Tañer CE, Uysal F, Atalay S, Göl B, Köse S. Prevalence of congenital toxoplasmosis among a series of Turkish women. Rev Med Chil. 2013;141(4):471-6.
  • Ocak S, Zeteroglu S, Ozer C, Dolapcioglu K, Gungoren A. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, rubella and cytomegalovirus among pregnant women in southern Turkey. Scand J Infect Dis. 2007;39(3):231–234.
  • Akyar I. Seroprevalence and Coinfections of Toxoplasma gondii in Childbearing Age Women in Turkey. Iran J Public Health. 2011;40(1):63-7.
  • Ertug S, Okyay P, Turkmen M, Yuksel H. Seroprevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma infection among pregnant women in Aydin province, Turkey. BMC Public Health. 2005;5:66.
  • Aynioglu A, Aynioglu O, Altunok ES. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, rubella and Cytomegalovirus among pregnant females in north-western Turkey. Acta Clin Belg. 2015;70(5):321-4.
  • Tekay F, Ozbek E. Çiğ köftenin yaygın tüketildiği Şanlıurfa ilinde kadınlarda Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalansı, Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2007;31(3):176-9.
  • Malatyalı E, Yıldız İ, Tileklioğlu E, Ertabaklar H, Ertuğ S. Retrospective Analysis of Toxoplasma gondii Serology Results from Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine Parasitology Laboratory from 2007 to 2017. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2019;43:1-4.
  • Karabulut A, Polat Y,Türk M, Balcı YI. Evaluation of Rubella, Toxoplasma gondii, and Cytomegalovirus seroprevalences among pregnant women in Denizli province. Turk J Med Sci.2011;41(1):21.
  • Çelen Ş, Sargın A, Çitil A, Saygan S, Ünlü S, Danışman N, Seçkin B. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and rubella mong pregnant women in central Turkey. Afr J Microbiol Res. 2013;7(21):2524-2529.
  • Sert UY, Ozgu-Erdinc AS, Gokay S, Engin-Ustun Y.. Toxoplasma Screening Results of 84587 Pregnant Women in a Tertiary Referral Center in Turkey. Fetal Pediatr Pathol. 2019;38(4):307-316.
  • Alver O, Payaslıoğlu M, Ener B. Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii Seropositivity in Uludağ University Hospital between 2009-2016. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2019;43:8-12.
  • Babür C, Yücesan B, Sezen F, Kılıç S. Ulusal Parazitoloji Evaluation of Seropositivity of Toxoplasmosis Suspected Patients Admitted to the National Parasitology Reference Laboratory Between 2009 and 2019. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2021;45:181-9.
  • Halici-Ozturk F, Yakut K, Öcal FD, Erol A, Gökay S, Çağlar AT, Engin- Üstün Y, Ozgu-Erdinc AS. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infections in Syrian pregnant refugee women in Turkey. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2021;256:91-94.
  • Parlak M, Çim N, Nalça Erdin B, Güven A, Bayram Y, Yıldızhan R. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma, Rubella, and Cytomegalovirus among pregnant women in Van. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;12(2):79-82.
  • Pektaş B, Aksoy Gökmen A, Er HH, Güngör S, Kaya S, Demirci M. Evaluation of Serological Results of Patients with Suspected Toxoplasmosis. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2015;39:90-3.
  • Yentur Doni N, Simsek Z, Gurses G, Yildiz Zeyrek F, Demir C. Prevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii in female farmworkers of southeastern Turkey. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2015;9:087–093.
  • Esenkaya Taşbent F, Beder D, Özdemir M, Doğan M, Feyzioğlu B. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Different Patient Groups in Our Hospital. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2022;46(1):1-6.
  • Ulusan Bağcı Ö, Bayındır Bilman F, Baran N, Peker BO, Pektaş B, Gökmen AA, Er HH, Kaya S. Bir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesine 2017-2021 Yılları Arasında Başvuran Hastalarda Toxoplasma Serolojisinin Retrospektif Olarak Değerlendirilmesi. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2022;46(3):235-241.
  • Alaçam S, Bakır A, Karatas A, Yolburun B, Uzunkaya Ö, Aktaş F, Canberk M. Investigation of Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma, Rubella and Cytomegalovirus in Pregnant Population in Istanbul. JAMER. 2020;5(3):19-24.
  • Tüfekci EF, Duman MY, Çalışır B, Kılınç Ç, Uzel A. Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii Seropositivity in Pregnant Women in Kastamonu Province, Turkey. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2022;46(4):288-292.
  • Gonca S, Serin MS, Halepliler S, Erden Ertürk S. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women admitted to a state hospital in Mersin, 2019. Türkiye Parazitol Derg. 2021;45(3):176-180.
  • Dindar Demiray EK, Alkan S, Barutçu A, Tahmaz A. Investigating the Toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in pregnant women from Turkey by pool analyses method. Pediatr Pract Res. 2022;10(1):16-21.
  • Villard O, Cimon B, L’Ollivier C, Fricker-Hidalgo H, Godineau N, Houze S, Paris L, Pelloux H, Villena I, Candolfi E. Serological diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection: Recommendations from the French National Reference Center for Toxoplasmosis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2016;84(1):22-33.

Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanelerinde Toksoplazmoz Seroloji Sonuçlarının ve Test İsteme Dinamiklerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 78 Issue: 3, 207 - 215, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.65092/autfm.1747748

Abstract

Giriş: Toxoplasma gondii’nin neden olduğu toksoplazmoz dünyada ve ülkemizde yaygın olarak görülen paraziter hastalıklardan biridir. Tanısında başlıca serolojik yöntemlerden faydalanılmasına rağmen akut enfeksiyon tanısında birtakım güçlükler yaşanmaktadır.
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Ankara Üniversitesi İbni Sina Uygulama ve Araştırma Hastanesi’ne çeşitli kliniklerden gönderilen serum örneklerinin anti-Toxoplasma IgM ve anti-Toxoplasma IgG sonuçlarını ve hastaların sosyodemografik özelliklerini değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışma kapsamında 1 Ocak 2021 ile 1 Eylül 2024 tarihleri arasında alınan kan örneklerinin sonuçları değerlendirildi. Anti-Toxoplasma antikorları Elecsys kiti ile Cobas cihazında elektrokemilüminesan immünoassay tekniği kullanılarak incelendi.
Bulgular: Anti-Toxoplasma IgG ve IgM pozitiflik oranları sırasıyla %23,95 ve %1,30 olarak bulundu. Anti-Toxoplasma IgG kadınların %21,54’ünde ve erkeklerin %30,48’inde pozitifti. İki cinsiyet arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark vardı (p<0,001). Erkeklerin %1,19’unun ve kadınların %1,34’ünün anti-Toxoplasma IgM sonuçları reaktif olarak saptandı, ancak fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (p=0,667). Anti-toxoplasma IgM ve IgG sonuçları pozitif olan hastaların çoğu 80 yaş ve üzeriydi. Anti-Toxoplasma IgG pozitiflik yüzdesi en yüksek, immün sistemi baskılanmış yetişkin ve çocuk kliniklerinde (sırasıyla %44,06 ve %42,21) saptanırken; yetişkin enfeksiyon servisi anti-Toxoplasma IgM pozitifliği bakımından en yüksek yüzdeye sahipti (%1,59).
Sonuç: Türkiye’de yapılan çalışmalar anti-Toxoplasma IgG pozitifliğinin %20,3 ile %69,6 arasında değiştiğini göstermektedir. Çalışmamızın anti-Toxoplasma IgG pozitiflik oranı bu aralığın içinde alt sınıra yakın olup, Ankara’da yapılan önceki çalışmalarla uyumlu bulunmuştur. Türkiye’deki çalışmalarda IgM seropozitifliğinin %0 ile %9,7 arasında değiştiği gösterilmiştir. Çalışmamızın anti-Toxoplasma IgM pozitiflik oranı anti-Toxoplasma IgG ile benzer olarak bu aralığın içinde alt sınıra yakın olarak saptanmıştır.

References

  • Hill D, Dubey JP. Toxoplasma gondii: transmission, diagnosis and prevention. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2002;8(10):634-640.
  • Madireddy S, Mangat R. Toxoplasmosis. Last accessed date: 2025 January 9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563286/
  • Marín-García PJ, Planas N, Llobat L. Toxoplasma gondii in Foods: Prevalence, Control, and Safety. Foods. 2022;11(16):2542.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Toxoplasmosis. [Internet]. [Retrieved on March 20, 2025]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/ toxoplasmosis/about/index.html.
  • Murata FH, Ferreira MN, Camargo NS, Santos GS, Spegiorin LC, Silveira- Carvalho AP, Pereira-Chioccola VL, Mattos LC, Mattos CC. Frequency of anti- Toxoplasma gondii IgA, IgM, and IgG antibodies in high-risk pregnancies, in Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2016;49(4):512-4.
  • Vargas-Villavicencio JA, Cañedo-Solares I, Correa D. Anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM Long Persistence: What Are the Underlying Mechanisms? Microorganisms. 2022;10(8):1659.
  • Nasir IA, Shehu MS, Adekola HA. Anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG avidity testing is necessary for diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2017;12(1):87-88.
  • Teimouri A, Mohtasebi S, Kazemirad E, Keshavarz H. Role of Toxoplasma gondii IgG Avidity Testing in Discriminating between Acute and Chronic Toxoplasmosis in Pregnancy. J Clin Microbiol. 2020; 58(9):e00505-20.
  • Mose JM, Kagira JM, Kamau DM, Maina NW, Ngotho M, Karanja SM. A Review on the Present Advances on Studies of Toxoplasmosis in Eastern Africa. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020:7135268.
  • Kuk S, Özden M. Hastanemizde dört yıllık Toxoplasma gondii seropozitifliğinin araştırılması. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2007;31(1): 1-3.
  • Uysal A, Cüce M, Tañer CE, Uysal F, Atalay S, Göl B, Köse S. Prevalence of congenital toxoplasmosis among a series of Turkish women. Rev Med Chil. 2013;141(4):471-6.
  • Ocak S, Zeteroglu S, Ozer C, Dolapcioglu K, Gungoren A. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, rubella and cytomegalovirus among pregnant women in southern Turkey. Scand J Infect Dis. 2007;39(3):231–234.
  • Akyar I. Seroprevalence and Coinfections of Toxoplasma gondii in Childbearing Age Women in Turkey. Iran J Public Health. 2011;40(1):63-7.
  • Ertug S, Okyay P, Turkmen M, Yuksel H. Seroprevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma infection among pregnant women in Aydin province, Turkey. BMC Public Health. 2005;5:66.
  • Aynioglu A, Aynioglu O, Altunok ES. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, rubella and Cytomegalovirus among pregnant females in north-western Turkey. Acta Clin Belg. 2015;70(5):321-4.
  • Tekay F, Ozbek E. Çiğ köftenin yaygın tüketildiği Şanlıurfa ilinde kadınlarda Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalansı, Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2007;31(3):176-9.
  • Malatyalı E, Yıldız İ, Tileklioğlu E, Ertabaklar H, Ertuğ S. Retrospective Analysis of Toxoplasma gondii Serology Results from Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine Parasitology Laboratory from 2007 to 2017. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2019;43:1-4.
  • Karabulut A, Polat Y,Türk M, Balcı YI. Evaluation of Rubella, Toxoplasma gondii, and Cytomegalovirus seroprevalences among pregnant women in Denizli province. Turk J Med Sci.2011;41(1):21.
  • Çelen Ş, Sargın A, Çitil A, Saygan S, Ünlü S, Danışman N, Seçkin B. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and rubella mong pregnant women in central Turkey. Afr J Microbiol Res. 2013;7(21):2524-2529.
  • Sert UY, Ozgu-Erdinc AS, Gokay S, Engin-Ustun Y.. Toxoplasma Screening Results of 84587 Pregnant Women in a Tertiary Referral Center in Turkey. Fetal Pediatr Pathol. 2019;38(4):307-316.
  • Alver O, Payaslıoğlu M, Ener B. Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii Seropositivity in Uludağ University Hospital between 2009-2016. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2019;43:8-12.
  • Babür C, Yücesan B, Sezen F, Kılıç S. Ulusal Parazitoloji Evaluation of Seropositivity of Toxoplasmosis Suspected Patients Admitted to the National Parasitology Reference Laboratory Between 2009 and 2019. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2021;45:181-9.
  • Halici-Ozturk F, Yakut K, Öcal FD, Erol A, Gökay S, Çağlar AT, Engin- Üstün Y, Ozgu-Erdinc AS. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infections in Syrian pregnant refugee women in Turkey. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2021;256:91-94.
  • Parlak M, Çim N, Nalça Erdin B, Güven A, Bayram Y, Yıldızhan R. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma, Rubella, and Cytomegalovirus among pregnant women in Van. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;12(2):79-82.
  • Pektaş B, Aksoy Gökmen A, Er HH, Güngör S, Kaya S, Demirci M. Evaluation of Serological Results of Patients with Suspected Toxoplasmosis. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2015;39:90-3.
  • Yentur Doni N, Simsek Z, Gurses G, Yildiz Zeyrek F, Demir C. Prevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii in female farmworkers of southeastern Turkey. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2015;9:087–093.
  • Esenkaya Taşbent F, Beder D, Özdemir M, Doğan M, Feyzioğlu B. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Different Patient Groups in Our Hospital. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2022;46(1):1-6.
  • Ulusan Bağcı Ö, Bayındır Bilman F, Baran N, Peker BO, Pektaş B, Gökmen AA, Er HH, Kaya S. Bir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesine 2017-2021 Yılları Arasında Başvuran Hastalarda Toxoplasma Serolojisinin Retrospektif Olarak Değerlendirilmesi. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2022;46(3):235-241.
  • Alaçam S, Bakır A, Karatas A, Yolburun B, Uzunkaya Ö, Aktaş F, Canberk M. Investigation of Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma, Rubella and Cytomegalovirus in Pregnant Population in Istanbul. JAMER. 2020;5(3):19-24.
  • Tüfekci EF, Duman MY, Çalışır B, Kılınç Ç, Uzel A. Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii Seropositivity in Pregnant Women in Kastamonu Province, Turkey. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2022;46(4):288-292.
  • Gonca S, Serin MS, Halepliler S, Erden Ertürk S. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women admitted to a state hospital in Mersin, 2019. Türkiye Parazitol Derg. 2021;45(3):176-180.
  • Dindar Demiray EK, Alkan S, Barutçu A, Tahmaz A. Investigating the Toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in pregnant women from Turkey by pool analyses method. Pediatr Pract Res. 2022;10(1):16-21.
  • Villard O, Cimon B, L’Ollivier C, Fricker-Hidalgo H, Godineau N, Houze S, Paris L, Pelloux H, Villena I, Candolfi E. Serological diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection: Recommendations from the French National Reference Center for Toxoplasmosis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2016;84(1):22-33.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Microbiology, Medical Parasitology, Medical Microbiology (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ozlem Ulusan Bagci 0000-0002-9695-5703

Rabia Önder 0009-0009-4231-1732

Gülay Akarsu 0000-0003-0007-9006

Publication Date September 30, 2025
Submission Date July 21, 2025
Acceptance Date August 22, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 78 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Ulusan Bagci, O., Önder, R., & Akarsu, G. (2025). Evaluation of Toxoplasmosis Serology Results and Test Request Dynamics in Ankara University Medical Faculty Hospitals. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 78(3), 207-215. https://doi.org/10.65092/autfm.1747748
AMA Ulusan Bagci O, Önder R, Akarsu G. Evaluation of Toxoplasmosis Serology Results and Test Request Dynamics in Ankara University Medical Faculty Hospitals. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. September 2025;78(3):207-215. doi:10.65092/autfm.1747748
Chicago Ulusan Bagci, Ozlem, Rabia Önder, and Gülay Akarsu. “Evaluation of Toxoplasmosis Serology Results and Test Request Dynamics in Ankara University Medical Faculty Hospitals”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 78, no. 3 (September 2025): 207-15. https://doi.org/10.65092/autfm.1747748.
EndNote Ulusan Bagci O, Önder R, Akarsu G (September 1, 2025) Evaluation of Toxoplasmosis Serology Results and Test Request Dynamics in Ankara University Medical Faculty Hospitals. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 78 3 207–215.
IEEE O. Ulusan Bagci, R. Önder, and G. Akarsu, “Evaluation of Toxoplasmosis Serology Results and Test Request Dynamics in Ankara University Medical Faculty Hospitals”, Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, vol. 78, no. 3, pp. 207–215, 2025, doi: 10.65092/autfm.1747748.
ISNAD Ulusan Bagci, Ozlem et al. “Evaluation of Toxoplasmosis Serology Results and Test Request Dynamics in Ankara University Medical Faculty Hospitals”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 78/3 (September2025), 207-215. https://doi.org/10.65092/autfm.1747748.
JAMA Ulusan Bagci O, Önder R, Akarsu G. Evaluation of Toxoplasmosis Serology Results and Test Request Dynamics in Ankara University Medical Faculty Hospitals. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2025;78:207–215.
MLA Ulusan Bagci, Ozlem et al. “Evaluation of Toxoplasmosis Serology Results and Test Request Dynamics in Ankara University Medical Faculty Hospitals”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, vol. 78, no. 3, 2025, pp. 207-15, doi:10.65092/autfm.1747748.
Vancouver Ulusan Bagci O, Önder R, Akarsu G. Evaluation of Toxoplasmosis Serology Results and Test Request Dynamics in Ankara University Medical Faculty Hospitals. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2025;78(3):207-15.