Effects of season and altitude on biological active certain phenolic compounds levels and partial standardization of propolis

Abstract

Propolis has antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, tissue regeneration, anti-ulcer, analgesic, local anaesthetic, and antiseptic effects related to its chemical components. The aim of the present study was to determine certain biological active phenolic compounds and their levels in propolis collected from Bursa province, and to evaluate propolis quality and effects of altitude and season. Propolis samples were collected using propolis traps from 15 different constant apiaries at varying altitudes (between 50 and 1000 m) located in Bursa province Turkey, during the spring, summer and autumn of 2012. Fourteen flavonoid and phenolic acids in ethanolic extracts were investigated by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Galangin, naringenin, pinocembrin, caffeic acid and caffeic acid phenylethyl ester were detected in all samples (45 samples) for all seasons and altitudes. Significant differences were determined for certain phenolic compounds levels across altitudes and seasons. In the present study results showed that qualitative and quantitative analysis of propolis for useful phenolic compounds may provide partial standardization of propolis depend on altitude and season

Keywords

• Altitude
• phenolic compounds
• propolis
• season

Mevsim ve rakımın propolisteki biyolojik olarak aktif belirli fenolik bileşiklerin düzeylerine etkisi vepropolisin kısmi standardizasyonu

Abstract

Propolis kimyasal içeriğine bağlı olarak antibakteriyel, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflamatuar, antitumoral, antioksidan, immunmodulator, doku yenileyici, antiülser, analjezik, lokal anastezik ve antiseptik etkilere sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Bursa ilinden toplanan propolislerde biyolojik olarak etkisi bulunan fenolik bileşiklerin nitel ve nicel olarak saptanması, kalitesinin belirlenmesi ve bunda yükseklik ve mevsimin etkisinin değerlendirilmesidir. Propolis numuneleri, 2012 yılında ilkbahar, yaz, sonbahar mevsimlerinde, Bursa ilinde değişen rakımlarda bulunan (50-1000 m arası), 15 sabit aralıktan, propolis tuzakları kullanılarak toplandı. Propolislerde, 14 flavanoid ve fenolik asit sıvı kromatografi kütle/kütle spektrometresi (LC-MS/MS) ile analiz edildi. Galangin, naringenin, pinosembrin, kafeik asit ve kafeik asit feniletil ester tüm numunelerde (45 numune), tüm mevsim ve rakımlarda tespit edildi. Bazı fenolik bileşiklerin miktarlarında rakım ve mevsime bağlı olarak anlamlı değişiklikler tespit edilmiş olup, bu bulguların propolisin kısmi standardizasyonun yapılmasına yardımcı olabilecek nitelikte olduğu sonucuna varıldı

Keywords

• Fenolik bileşikler
• mevsim
• propolis
• rakım

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