Tavuk ve martı kökenli enterokok türlerinin antibiyotik dirençliliğinin fenotipik ve genotipik analizi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Van ili ve ilçelerinde halk elinde yetiştiriciliği yapılan tavuklardan ve Van Gölü Havzasının değişik noktalarında insanlarla ilişki halinde olan martı popülasyonlarından alınan dışkı örnekleri enterokok türleri açısından incelendi. Bu amaçla 500 tavuk ve 500 martı olmak üzere toplam 1000 adet dışkı örneği toplandı. Tavuk dışkı örneklerinden 192 (%38.4) ve martı dışkı örneklerinden ise 119 (%23.8) olmak üzere toplam 311 (%31.1) adet enterokok izole edildi. Tavuk orijinli izolatların 41 (%21.3)’i Enterococcus faecalis, 110 (%57.3)’u E. faecium, 9 (%4.7)’u E. casseliflavus/gallinarum, 27 (%14.1)’si E. hirae, 5 (%2.6)’i E. durans olarak identifiye edilirken; martı orijinlilerin 78 (%65.5)’i E. faecalis, 21 (%17.6)’i E. faecium, 10 (%8.4)’u E. hirae, 7 (%5.9)’si E. casseliflavus/gallinarum, 2 (%1.7)’si E. raffinosus, 1 (%0.8)’i E. durans olarak tanımlandı. Fenotipik analiz, antibiyogram testi (disk difüzyon yöntemi) ile yapıldı. Genotipik olarak ise 16S rRNA, 16S ve 23S arası bölgeler, esp, vanA, vanB ve vanC (C-1,C-2, C-3) genleri analiz edildi. Tüm izolatların antibiyotik dirençlilikleri dikkate alındığında, en fazla dirençlilik sefadroksil (%99.5) en az dirençlilik ise imipenem (%0.8) karşı saptandı. İzolatların 9 (%2.9)’u fenotipik olarak vankomisine dirençli bulunurken, 20 (%6.4)’sinde genotipik olarak vankomisin dirençlilik geni (van) belirlendi. Bunlardan 6 E. faecalis (1’i tavuk, 5’i martı orijinli) ve 3 E. faecium (martı orijinli) izolatının vanA, 6 E. casseliflavus/gallinarium izolatının vanC1 (2’si tavuk, 4’ü martı orijinli) ve 5 E. casseliflavus/gallinarium (tavuk orijinli) izolatının ise vanC2/3 geni taşıdığı tespit edildi. Martı izolatlarında vanC2/3 genlerine raslanılamazken, tavuk ve martı orijinli tüm izolatlar vanB geni açısından negatif bulundu. Sonuç olarak, bu araştırma ile bölgemizde ilk kez vankomisin dirençli enterokok türlerinin varlığı ortaya konuldu

Keywords

• Antibiyogram, enterokok, martı, tavuk, VRE

Phenotypic and genotypic analysis for antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus species with chicken and gull origin

Abstract

In this study, faecal samples of backyard chickens in the city of Van and its districts and gulls in contact with humans in Van Lake basin have been obtained and examined for Enterecoccus species. For this purpose, 1000 faecal samples have been obtained as 500 from chickens and 500 from gulls. In the study, Entrerecoccus has been isolated and identified from a total of 311 (31.1%) faecal samples as 192 (38.4%) from chickens and 119 (23.8%) from gulls. 41 (21.3%) of chicken-origin isolates have been identified as Enterococcus faecalis, 110 (57.3%) as E. faecium, 9 (4.7%) as E. casseliflavus/gallinarum, 27 (14.1%) as E. hirae, 5 (2.6%) E. durans while 78 (65.5%) of gull-origin isolates have been identified as E. faecalis, 21 (17.6%) as E. faecium, 10 (8.4%) as E. hirae, 7 (5.9%) as E. casseliflavus/gallinarum, 2 (1.7%) as E. raffinosus and 1 (0.8%) as E. durans. Phenotypically antibiotic susceptibility testing (disc diffusion method) was performed for analysis. Genotypically 16S rRNA, 16S and 23S intergenic transcribed spacer region, esp, vanA, vanB and vanC (C-1, C-2, C-3) was analyzed genes. When antibiotic resistance of whole isolates have been taken into consideration; the highest level of resistance was determined to cefadroxil (99.5%) while the lowest resistance was determined to imipenem (0.8%). While 9 (2.9%) of the isolates have been determined as resistant to vancomycin; genotypically vancomycin resistance gene (van) has been determined 20 (6.4%) of the isolates. 6 of E. faecalis (1 chicken, 5 gull origin) and 3 of E. faecium (gull origin) isolates have been determined as carrying vanA, 6 E. casseliflavus/gallinarum as carrying vanC1 (2 chicken, 4 gull origin) and 5 E. casseliflavus/gallinarium (chicken origin) as carrying vanC2/3 gene. In gull isolates, while vanC2/3 gene was not determined in gull isolates; all chicken and gull origin isolates have been found negative for vanB gene. As a result, for the first time in our region, this research has revealed the presence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus species

Keywords

• Antibiogram, chicken, Enterecoccus, gull, VRE

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