Molecular phylogeny of Anatolian and Cypriot donkey populations based on mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosomal STRs

Abstract

Domestication centers and the lineages of the wild ass contributing to modern domestic donkey population are still unknown, except the Nubian wild ass. This study is designed to fill the gaps about Anatolian donkey domestication. A total of 68 samples of Anatolian donkeys obtained from Turkey and seven donkeys from Cyprus were analyzed for D-loop and cytochrome b gene regions. Males were also genotyped with three equine Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) namely Eca.YM2, Eca.YP9 and Eca.YE1. While the haplotype and nucleotide diversities (h=0.756±0.0500 and π=0.1688±0.0012) obtained from D-loop sequences of Anatolian donkey population were found to be moderately high, the Cypriot donkey population were found dramatically reduced (h=0.524±0.209 and π=0.00176 ± 0.001) than those in Turkey. Only 35% of the Anatolian donkeys were clustered in Clade 1 linked with Nubian ass, while the remaining 65% and 100% of the Cypriot donkeys were clustered in Clade 2. In the present study, Clade 2 was genetically divergent from Somali lineage and from Asiatic wild asses. Thus, they were excluded from to be ancestor of Anatolian and Cypriot donkey populations. A total of 17 and 4 nucleotide differences, discriminating 15 and 6 haplotypes, were defined for D-loop and cytochrome b sequences, respectively. Analyzed Y chromosomal STRs were found to be monomorphic. The allele size of 109, 190 and 195 were identified for Eca.YM2, Eca.YP9 and Eca.YE1, respectively

Keywords

• Anatolian donkey
• Cypriot donkey
• cytochrome b
• D-loop
• Y-chromosomal STRs

Anadolu ve Kıbrıs eşek populasyonlarında mitokondriyal ve Y-kromozomal STR’larına dayananmoleküler filogeni

Abstract

Evciltme bölgeleri ve modern evcil eşek populasyonuna katkıda bulunan soylar, Nubian yaban eşeği hariç, hala bilinmemektedir. Bu çalışma Anadolu eşeğinin evciltmesi hakkındaki boşlukların doldurulması için tasarlanmıştır. Türkiye’den 68 Anadolu eşeği ve Kıbrıs’tan yedi eşek, D-loop ve cytochrome b gen bölgeleri açısından analiz edilmiştir. İncelenen örneklerden 30 erkek aynı zamanda ata ait Eca.YM2, Eca.YP9 ve Eca.YE1 isimli üç adet Y-kromozomal kısa ardışık tekrar dizileri (STRlar) ile genotiplendirilmiştir. Anadolu eşek populasyonu D-loop sekanslarından elde edilen haplotip ve nükleotid çeşitliliği (h=0.756±0.0500 ve π=0.1688±0.0012) orta düzeyde yüksek bulunmuşken, Kıbrıs eşek populasyonunda büyük ölçüde düşük (h=0.524±0.209 ve π=0.00176 ± 0.001) bulunmuştur. Anadolu eşeklerinin %35’i Clade 1’de Nubian yaban eşeği ile kümelenmişken, kalan %65’i ve Kıbrıs eşeklerinin %100’ü Clade 2 olarak kümelenmiştir. Sunulan çalışmada Clade 2 Somali soyundan ve Asya yaban eşeklerinden genetik olarak farklı çıkmıştır. Böylece bu soyların Anadolu ve Kıbrıs eşeğinin atası olamayacakları belirlenmiştir. D-loop ve sitokrom bölgeleri için, sırasıyla, 15 ve 6 haplotip ayrımını sağlayan 17 ve 4 nükleotid değişimi belirlenmiştir. Analiz edilen Ykromozomal STR’lar monomorfik bulunmuştur. Eca.YM2, Eca.YP9 ve Eca.YE1 için sırasıyla 109, 190 ve 195 allel büyüklükleri belirlenmiştir

Keywords

• Anadolu eşeği
• Kıbrıs eşeği
• sitokrom b
• D-loop
• Y-kromozomal STR

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