A new threat for Turkish horticulture: phytoplasma diseases and their vectors

Abstract

Our country is one of the nations settled in temperate region which enables it high agricultural potential. Agriculture is done as viticulture, field’s crops, variable fruits, vegetables and ornamental crops production and constitutes great impact on Turkish economy. Plant diseases are one of the important factors which limit the production of all those crops. Recently phytoplasma diseases are the most important agents that limit the agricultural production in Turkey and in the world. Transmission by vegetative plant material and also by vectors causes epidemics in very short period. Stolbur on potato and tomato, Apple proliferation and Pear decline on pomes fruits, European stone fruit yellows on stone fruits, Flavescense doree, Bois Noir on vineyards are the most important phytoplasma infections in our country. AP, PD and ESFY are transmitted by the vector species belonging to Hemiptera order, Psyllidae family whereas FD and BN are transmitted by the species of Cicadellidae, Cixiidae families

Keywords

• Phytoplasma
• vector
• Hemiptera

Türk bahçeciliğinde yeni bir tehdit: fitoplazma hastalıkları ve vektörleri

Abstract

Türkiye ılıman iklim kuşağında yer alan ve bu nedenle tarım potansiyeli yüksek ender ülkelerden biridir. Ülkemizde tarım, tarla bitkileri, bağ, çeşitli meyve, sebze ve süs bitkilerinin tarımı şeklinde yapılmakta olup, ülke ekonomisinde önemli yere sahiptir. Tüm bu ürünlerde üretimi kısıtlayan en önemli unsurlardan biri de bitkilerde görülen hastalıklardır. Fitoplazma hastalıkları da son yıllarda ülkemiz ve dünya tarımında üretimi kısıtlayan en önemli etmenleri oluşturmaktadır. Vegetatif olarak üretim materyali ile ayrıca vektör böceklerle kolaylıkla yayılmaları, kısa sürede epidemi oluşturmalarına neden olmaktadır. Patates ve domateste stolbur, yumuşak çekirdekli meyvelerde gözlenen Apple proliferation (AP), Pear Decline (PD), sert çekirdekli meyve türlerinde görülen European stone fruit yellows (ESFY), bağlarda görülen Flavescense doree (FD) and Bois Noir (BN) hastalıkları ülkemizde üretimi kısıtlayan en etkin enfeksiyonlardır. AP, PD ve ESFY enfeksiyonları Hemiptera takımında yer alan ve Psyllidae, FD ve BN hastalıkları ise Cicadellidae, Cixiidae familyasında yer alan türlerle taşınmaktadır

Keywords

• Fitoplazma
• vektör
• Hemiptera

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