Broyler damızlık ve ticari broyler sürülerinde tavuk anemi virüsünün ve antikor varlığının araştırılması

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, tavuk anemi hastalığına (chicken infectious anemia-CIA) karşı aşılı ve aşısız broyler damızlık sürülerinde tavuk anemi virüs (chicken anemia virus-CAV) antikor varlığını ve bu damızlıkların ticari broyler sürülerinde CAV maternal antikor seyrini, antikor ve VP1 ile VP2 gen varlığını araştırmak amaçlandı. Çalışmada enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ile polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testleri kullanıldı. Haziran 2008- Şubat 2009 tarihleri arasında CIA hastalığına karşı 6’sı aşılı, 6’sı aşısız broyler damızlık sürülerinden toplam 218 kan serumu ve bu damızlıkların 32 ticari broyler sürüsünden belirli aralıklarla toplam 2074 kan serumu ve 1916 doku örneği elde edildi. Aşılı ve aşısız damızlıklar seropozitif saptanırken, ortalama antikor titreleri karşılaştırıldığında istatistikî olarak önemli bir fark olmadığı belirlendi. Aşılı ve aşısız damızlıkların günlük ve 1 haftalık ticari broyler sürülerinde maternal antikor oranının % 98 - 100, 2 haftalıkken % 5 – 60, 3 haftalıkken % 0 - 15 arasında olduğu belirlendi. Aşılı damızlıkların 4 haftalık 8 ticari broyler sürüsünün % 62.5’inde, 5 haftalık 16 ticari broyler sürüsünün % 93.8’inde CAV antikor varlığı belirlendi. Aşılı damızlıkların 3 haftalık 8 ticari broyler sürüsünün % 25’inde, 4 haftalık 8 ticari broyler sürüsünün % 37.5’inde, 5 haftalık 16 ticari broyler sürüsünün % 37.5’inde VP1 ve VP2 gen varlığı belirlendi. Aşısız broyler damızlıkların ticari broyler sürülerinde ise CAV antikor ve VP1 ile VP2 gen varlığı tespit edilmedi

Keywords

• Antikor
• broyler
• PCR
• tavuk anemi virüs

The investigation of chicken anemia virus and its antibody existence in commercial broiler and broilerbreeder flocks

Abstract

The goals of this study were to investigate the antibody existence of chicken anemia virus (CAV) in vaccinated and non-vaccinated broiler breeder flocks and to monitor the course of CAV maternal antibody, to investigate the existence of antiCAV antibody, CAVVP1 and VP2 genes in commercial broiler flocks which were the progenies of broiler breeder flocks. Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used in the study. Between June 2008 and February 2009, 218 blood serum samples were obtained from 6 vaccinated and 6 non-vaccinated broiler breeder flocks with different ages. A total of 2074 serum and 1916 tissues samples were also obtained from 32 commercial broiler flocks. The vaccinated and nonvaccinated broiler breeder flocks were CAV seropositive and mean antibody titers of vaccinated and non-vaccinated broiler breeder flocks were not statistically different. In commercial broiler flocks, the rates of maternal antibodies were detected between 98 – 100 % , 5 – 60 %, and 0 – 15 % in flocks with a day and a week old, with two weeks old, and with three weeks old, respectively. The anti-CAV antibody existence were detected at the rate of 62.5 and 93.8 % in 8 commercial broiler flocks with four weeks old and 16 commercial broiler flocks with five weeks old of vaccinated broiler breeder flocks, respectively. CAV VP1 and VP2 genes were detected in 25 % of three weeks old, 37.5 % four weeks old flocks of 8 commercial broilers and in 37.5 % of five weeks old flocks of 16 commercial broilers of vaccinated broiler breeder flocks. However, no CAV antibody, CAV VP1 and VP2 genes were detected in 8 commercial broiler flocks of non-vaccinated broiler breeder flocks

Keywords

• Antibody
• broiler
• chicken anemia virus
• PCR

References

1. Brentano L, Lazzarin S, Bassi SS, Klein TAP, Schat KA (2004): Detection of chicken anemia virus in the gonads and in the progeny of broiler breeder hens with high neutralizing antibody titers. Vet Microbiol, 105, 65- 72.
2. Brentano L, Silva BG, Sayd S and Flores SW (2000): Antibodies to chicken anemia virus (CAV) in broiler breeder flocks in Brazil. Revta Bras Cienc Avic, 2,157- 179.
3. Canal WC, Ferreira DJ, Macagnan M, Fallavena LCB, Moraes HLS and Wald VB (2004): Prevalence of antibodies against chicken anaemia virus (CAV) in broiler breeders in Southern Brazil. Pesq Vet Bras, 24, 89-92.
4. Cardona CJ, Lucio B, O’Connell P, Jagne J, and Schat KA (2000a): Humoral immune responses to chicken infectious anemia virus in three strains of chickens in a closed flock. Avian Dis, 44, 661-667.
5. Chandratilleke D, Connell P, and Schat KA (1991): Characterization of proteins of chicken infectious anemia virus with monoclonal antibodies. Avian Dis, 35, 854-862.
6. Hadimli HH, Erganiş O, Güler L, Uçan US (2008): Investigation of Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus Infection by PCR and ELISA in Chicken Flocks. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 32, 1-5.
7. Imai K, Mase S, Tsukamoto K, Hihara H, Matsumura T, and Yuasa N (1993): A long term observation of antibody status to chicken anaemia virus in individual chickens of breeder flocks. Res Vet Sci, 54, 392-396.
8. Kapetanov M, Orlic D, Velhner M, Kosarcic S and Lazic S (2003): Clinical and serological examination of a parental flock latently infected with chicken anemia virus. Acta Vet (Beograd), 53, 239-248.

9. Kumar A (2007): Detection and molecular characterization of chicken infectious anaemia virus from poultry. Master of Veterinary Science, Veterinary Microbiology of Anand Agricultural University, Gujarat State, India.
10. Mahzounieh M, Karimi I and Salehi TZ (2005): Serologic evidence of chicken infectious anemia in commercial chicken flocks in Shahrekord, Iran. Int J PoulSci 4, 500-503.
11. McNulty MS, Connor TJ, and McNeilly F, Kirkpatrick KS, and McFerran JB (1988): A serological survey of domestic poultry in the United Kingdom for antibody to chicken anaemia agent. Avian Pathol, 17, 315-324.
12. Miller MM, Jarosinski KJ and Schat KA (2005): Positive and negative regulation of chicken anemia virus transcription. J Virol, 79:2859-2868.
13. Nogueira EO, Brentano L, Ferreira AJP (2005): A VP3/VP1 gene polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of chicken anemia virus in broiler samples. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec, 57,131-140.
14. Noteborn MHM, Todd D, Verschueren CAJ, De Gauw HWFM, Curran WL, Veldkamp S, Douglas AJ, McNulty MS, Van Der Eb AJ, and Koch G (1994): A single chicken anemia virus protein induces apoptosis. J Virol, 68:346-351.
15. Noteborn MHM, Kranenburg O, Zantema A, Koch G, De Boer GF, and Van Der Eb AJ (1992): Transcription of the chicken anemia virus (CAV) genome and synthesis of its 52-kDa protein. Gene, 118:267-271.
16. Otaki Y, Saito K, Tajima M, Nomura Y (1992): Persistence of maternal antibody to chicken anemia agent and its effect on the susceptibility of young chickens. Avian Pathol. 21, 147-151.
17. Owoade AA, Oluwayelu DO, Fagbohun OA, Ammerlaan W, Mulders MN, Muller CP (2004): Serologic evidence of chicken infectious anemia in commercial chicken flocks in southwest Nigeria. Avian Dis, 48, 202-205.
18. Pages A, Saubi N, Artigas C, and Espuna E (1997): Experimental evaluation of an inactivated vaccine against chicken anaemia virus. Avian Pathol, 26, 721-729.
19. Phenix KV, Meehan BM, Todd D, McNulty MS (1994): Transcriptional analysis and genome expression of chicken anemia virus. J Gen Virol, 75: 905-909.
20. Roussan AD (2006): Serological Survey on the Prevalence of Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus in Commercial Broiler Chicken Flocks in Northern Jordan. Int J Poul Sci, 5, 544-546.
21. Schat KA (2003): Circovirus infections, chicken infectious anemia. In: Y. M. Saif, H. J. Barnes, A. M. Fadly,J. R. Glisson, L. R. McDougald, and D. E. Swayne (Eds), Diseases of poultry. 11th ed, Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA. pp 182-202.
22. Sommer F and Cardona C (2003): Chicken Anemia Virus in Broilers: Dynamics of the Infection in Two Commercial Broiler Flocks. Avian Dis, 47, 1466-1473.
23. Todd D, Mackie DP, Mawhinney KA, Connor TJ, McNeilly F, and McNulty MS (1990): Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect serum antibody to chicken anemia agent. Avian Dis, 34, 359-363.
24. Todd D, Mawhinney KA, and McNulty MS (1992): Detection and differentiation of chicken anemia virus isolates by using the polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol, 30, 1661-1666.
25. Türkyılmaz S, Mısırlıoğlu OZ (2004): İzmir ve Bandırma yörelerinde chicken infectious anemia virus antikorlarının ELISA ile saptanması. Pendik Vet Mikrobiol Derg, 35, 13- 19.
26. Yılmaz H, Özgür NY, Turan N, Akay Ö (1999): Tavuk anemi virusunun polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PZR) ile saptanması. VIV Uluslararası Tavukçuluk Fuarı, Yutav 99, İstanbul, 555-561.
27. Yılmaz H, Turan N, Özgür NY, Helps CR, Akay Ö (2001): Detection of chicken anemia virus DNA in the thymus of naturally infected chicks in Turkey. Avian Dis, 45, 529-533.
28. Yuasa N, Imai K, and Tezuka H (1985): Survey of antibody against chicken anaemia agent (CAA) by an indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique in breeder flocks in Japan. Avian Pathol, 14, 521-530.
29. Yuasa N, Noguchi T, Furuta K, and Yoshida I (1980): Maternal antibody and its effect on the susceptibility of chicks to chicken anemia agent. Avian Dis, 24, 197-201.