Merkepte (Equus asinus) hava keseleri (diverticulum tubae auditivae) ve ilişkili yapıların manyetikrezonans ile görüntülenmesi

Abstract

Çalışmada 4 adet yetişkin merkep başında hava keseleri ve ilişkili oldukları yapıların (kemikler, kaslar, tükrük bezleri, damarlar ve sinirler gibi…) anatomisi detaylı olarak incelendi. Bu amaçla insan vücut koili içerisinde, 1,5 tesla gücündeki magnet aracılığıyla alınmış, 5 mm kalınlığındaki transversal kesitler kullanıldı. Elde edilen görüntüler mükemmel düzeyde detay sağladı ve tüm slaytlardaki ilişkili yapılar belirlendi. Hava keseleri ve kemik korteksi çok düşük sinyal yoğunluğuyla taranırken, kaslar hafif hipointens, tükrük bezleri ise hafif hiperintens özellikte tarandı. Bu çalışma ile sunulan verilerin, klinik uygulamalarda başta hava kesesi hastalıklarının tanısı olmak üzere, hava keseleri ve ilişkili oldukları yapılar için, MR görüntülerinin değerlendirilmesinde referans olarak kullanılacağı düşünülmektedir

Keywords

• Hava kesesi
• manyetik rezonans görüntüleme
• merkep

Magnetic resonance imaging of the guttural pouch (diverticulum tubae auditivae) and its related structures in donkey (Equus asinus)

Abstract

Anatomy of the guttural pouches and their associated structures such as bones, muscles, salivary glands, vessels and nerves were examined in detail in 4 adult donkey heads by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The protocol was performed using a superconducting magnet operating at a field strenght of 1,5 Tesla in 5 mm thickness transversal sections in human body coil. The obtained images provided excellent detail, so the relevant anatomic structures were described in whole slices. The pouch and cortical bone were scanned very low signal intensity, the muscles were slightly hypointense and the salivary glands were slightly hyperintense signals. Presented informations in this study will serve as a reference data to review MRI of the guttural pouch and its associated structures in clinical applications especially in the diagnosis of the guttural pouch diseases

Keywords

• Donkey
• guttural pouch
• magnetic resonance imaging

References

1. Arencibia A, Vazquez JM, Jaber R, Gil F, Ramirez JA, Rivero M, Gonzales N, Wisner ER (2000): Magnetic resonance imaging and cross sectional anatomy of the normal equine sinuses and nasal passages. Vet Radiol Ultrasound, 41, 313-319.
2. Arencibia A, Vazquez JM, Ramirez JA, Ramirez G, Vilar JM, Rivero A, Alayon S, Gil F (2001): Magnetic resonance imaging of the normal equine brain. Vet Radiol Ultrasound, 42, 405-408.
3. Ashdown RR, Done SH (1987): Color Atlas of Veterinary Anatomy Vol. II-The Horse, Part I-Head. 1-50. Gower Medical Publishing, London, NewYork.
4. Assheuer J, Sager M (1997): MRI and CT Atlas of the Dog. 44-81. Blackwell Wissenschafts, Berlin.
5. Baptiste KE, Holladay SD, Freeman LE (1996): Alterations in equine guttural pouch morphology with head position: observations using a new technique for producing accurate casts. Anat Rec, 246, 579-584.
6. Baptiste KE (1997): Functional anatomy observations of the pharyngeal orifice of the equine guttural pouch (auditory tube diverticulum). Vet J, 153, 311-319.
7. Baptiste KE (1998): A preliminary study on the role of the equine guttural pouches in selective brain cooling. Vet J, 155, 139-148.
8. Carmalt J (2002): Guttural pouch diseases in the horse. Large Animal Veterinary Rounds Vol. 2. Erişim: [http://www.drounds.ca/crus/laveng_0202.pdf], Erişim tarihi: 15.09.2009

9. Clayton HM, Flood PF (1996): Color Atlas of Large Animal Applied Anatomy. 7-27. Mosby-Wolfe, Barcelona.
10. Dyce KM, Sack WO, Wensing CJG (2002): Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy, 3rd ed., Chapter 18, The Head and Ventral Neck of the Horse. 496-501. Saunders-Elsevier Science, Philadelphia.
11. FAO (1997): FAO statistical database website. Food and Agriculture Organisation, Italy. Erişim: [http://www.fao.org], [FAOSTATS: http://apps.fao.org/cgi-bin/nph-db.pl?subset=agriculture], Erişim tarihi: 15.09.2009
12. Hance SR, Robertson JT, Bukowiecki CF (1992): Cystic structures in the guttural pouch (auditory tube diverticulum) of two horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 200, 1981-1983.
13. Hodgson DR (1998): What is the function of the guttural pouches: Selective brain cooling? Augmentation of swallowing? Still to be defined. Vet J, 155, 115-117.
14. Jones DL (1994): Squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and pharynx in horses. Cornell Vet, 84, 15-24.
15. Liebich HG, König HE (2004): Veterinary Anatomy of the Domestic Mammals, Part 17, 577-579. In: HE König and HG Liebich (eds), Vestibulocochlear Organ, Schattauer, Stuttgart.
16. Macdonald DG, Fretz PB, Baptiste KE, Hamilton DL (1999): Anatomic, radiographic and physiologic comparisons of the internal carotid and maxillary artery in the horse. Vet J, 158, 182-189.
17. Manglai D, Wada R, Endo H, Kurohmaru M, Yoshihara T, Sasaki M, Oikawa M, Hayashi Y (2000): Macroscopic anatomy of the auditory tube diverticulum (guttural pouch) in the thoroughbred equine – a slicon mold approach. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn, 76, 335-346.
18. Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria (2005): Prepared by The International Commitee on The Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature (I.C.V.G.A.N.), Hannover.
19. Popesko P (1979): Atlas of topografical anatomy of the domestic animals. Vol. 1, Head and Neck. 150-151. Ferdinand Enke Verlag, Stuttgart.
20. Rooney JR (1997): Why guttural pouches? The Equine Disease Quarterly 6th. 3-4. University of Kentucky, College of Agriculture, U.K.
21. Sasaki M, Hayashi Y, Koie H, Yamaya Y, Kimura J, Manglai D, Kawashima S, Endo H, Yamamato M (1999): CT examination of the guttural pouch (auditory tube diverticulum) in Przewalski’s horse (equus przewalskii). J Vet Med Sci, 61, 1019-1022.
22. Sisson S (1975): Sisson’s and Grossman’s The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals, Vol I. 5th ed. 723-725. In: R Getty (ed), The Ear, WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
23. Starkey P, Starkey M (2009): Regional and World Trends in Donkey Populations. In Starkey P., Fielding D. (editors), Donkeys, People and Development. Animal Traction Network for Eastern and Southern Africa. Erişim: [http://www.atnesa.org/donkeyspeopledevelopment.htm], Erişim tarihi: 15.08.2009
24. Vazquez JM, Rivero M, Gil F, Ramirez JA, Ramirez G, Vilar JM, Arencibia A (2001): Magnetic resonance imaging of two normal equine brains and their associated structures. Vet Rec, 148, 229-232.