mtDNA diversity and phylogeography of some Turkish native goat breeds

Abstract

Mitochondrial DNA is one of the most preferred markers being used in phylogenetic studies in domestic animals due to its unique features. In this study, the mitochondrial DNA control region was analyzed in Angora, Honamli, Kilis, Hair and Norduz goat breeds (n=252) to reveal diversity of mitochondrial DNA, differentiation of goat breeds, and relevance between genetic differentiations and geographic distributions. Based on the performed analysis methods, three different haplogroups; A, D and G were determined for breeds studied. Two duplication insertions (77bp) were observed in two animals from different breeds. In comparison with goat breeds throughout the world, the haplotype number, higher nucleotide and haplotype diversity values (π=0,02100, ±0,00073 and H=0,9982, ±0,0006 respectively) for goat breeds studied in the present study, indicate that Turkey has been situated in a central position during the domestication process of the goat specie. Based on our haplotype sharing detection results, Kilis and Norduz breeds, which are known as crossbreeds of Hair goats, do not share haplotypes with Hair goats, thus, the history of these breeds should be further investigated. The results of the study also gave hints that conservation flocks should be promoted immediately in local breeders for Norduz breed, which is under risk of extinction, along with a controlled mating program to prevent loss of genotypes. In this study, an inexpensive novel method based on PCR- RFLP was introduced to determine G haplotype, a unique haplotype to Fertile Crescent regions

Keywords

• Genetic diversity
• mtDNA
• phylogenetics
• Turkish native goat breeds

Bazı Türkiye yerli keçi ırklarının mtDNA çeşitliliği ve filocoğrafyası

Abstract

Mitokondrial DNA, evcil hayvanların filogenetik çalışmalarında en fazla tercih edilen belirteçlerden birisidir. Bu çalışmada, Ankara, Honamlı, Kilis, Kıl ve Norduz keçi ırklarının (n=252) mitokondrial DNA çeşitlilikleri, ırklar arası farklılıkları ve bu farklılıkların coğrafik yerleşimleri ile olan ilişkisinin ortaya konulması amacıyla mitokondrial DNA kontrol bölgesi analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre iki farklı ırktan iki bireyde 77bp’lik tekrarlama mutasyonu belirlenmiştir. İncelenen ırklarda A, D ve G haplogrupları olmak üzere üç farklı haplogrup belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen yüksek haplotip sayısı, yüksek nükleotid (π=0,02100, +/-0,00073) ve haplotip çeşitliliği (H=0,9982, +/-0,0006) değerleri dünya keçi ırklarıyla karşılaştırıldığında, Türkiye’nin, keçilerin evciltilmesinde merkezi bir konumda olduğu düşünülmektedir. Haplotip paylaşımları göz önüne alındığında; Kıl keçisi melezi oldukları bilinen Kilis ve Norduz keçi ırklarının Kıl keçisiyle hiç haplotip paylaşmıyor olmaları ırkların tarihinin daha iyi araştırılmasının gerekliliğini ortaya koymuştur. Çalışmanın sonuçları aynı zamanda, yok olma açısından ağır tehdit altında olan Norduz keçi ırkı için acil olarak halk elinde koruma sürüleri oluşturulması ve mevcut genotiplerin kaybının önüne geçilebilmesi için kontrollü birleştirmelerin yapılması gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışma sayesinde Verimli Hilal bölgesine özgü olan G haplogrubunun daha az maliyetle belirlenebilmesi için PZR-RFLP’ye dayanan yeni bir yöntem ortaya konulmuştur

Keywords

• Filogenetik
• genetik çeşitlilik
• mtDNA
• Türkiye yerli keçi ırkları

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