Effects of slow liquid transit on colonic fermentation in vitro

Abstract

The colonic microflora and their fermentation end-products play important roles in host health. The objective of this study was to determine the biochemical responses of colon microflora to slow colonic transit. For this purpose, the study was carried out with the colon simulation technique (Cositec). Inocula and fermentable substrates were obtained from colon contents of slaughtered pigs. To simulate slow colonic transit, the liquid turnover rate in the Cositec system was decreased by ca. %50. Slow liquid turnover resulted in a significant decrease in pH, total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), acetate and propionate productions. However, the production of butyrate was not significantly affected by the treatment. The redox potential was affected by slow liquid turnover and became more positive. Organic matter digestibility increased in response to slow liquid turnover. These results indicated that slow liquid turnover altered biochemical milieu within the colon and this may play a key role in the pathogenesis of colorectal diseases

Keywords

• Colon
• Cositec
• fermentation
• slow liquid turnover

Yavaş sıvı geçişinin kolonik fermantasyon üzerine in vitro etkileri

Abstract

Kolon mikroflorası ve fermentasyon son ürünleri konakçı sağlığı üzerinde önemli roller oynamaktadır. Bu araştırmada, kolon mikroflorasının yavaş kolonik geçişe gösterdiği yanıtı belirlemek amaçlandı. Bu amaçla, araştırmada Cositec tekniği (Colon Simulation Technique) kullanıldı. İnkübasyon için gerekli inokulum ve substratlar kesimhanede, kesilmiş domuzların kolon içeriklerinden temin edildi. Yavaş kolonik geçişi taklit etmek için Cositec sistemde sıvı döngüsü yaklaşık % 50 oranında azaltıldı. Azaltılmış sıvı döngüsü pH değerinde, toplam kısa zincirli yağ asitleri (SCFAs), asetat ve propiyonat üretimlerinde belirgin bir azalmaya neden olurken, bütirat üretimini etkilemedi. Redoks potansiyeli yavaş sıvı döngüsünden etkilenerek daha pozitif değerlere ulaştı. Yavaş sıvı döngüsü organik madde sindirilebilirliğinde ise artışa neden oldu. Bu araştırmanın sonuçları, yavaş sıvı döngüsünün kolondaki biyokimyasal ortamda önemli değişiklikler yaptığını göstermektedir. Bu değişikliklerin kolorektal hastalıkların patogenezinde kilit rol oynayabileceği düşünülmektedir

Keywords

• Cositec
• fermantasyon
• kolon
• yavaş sıvı döngüsü

References

1. Ausschuss für Bedarfsnormen der Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie (1987): Energie- und Nährstoffbedarf landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere, Nr. 4 Schweine, DLG- Verlag, Frankfurt a. M., Germany.
2. Bender A, Breves G, Stein J, Leonhard-Marek S, Schröder B, Winckler C (2001): Colonic fermentation as affected by antibiotics and acidic pH: application of an in vitro model. Z Gastroenterol, 39, 911-918.
3. Breves G, Dreyer J, Oslage HJ (1991): In vitro-studies on microbial hindgut metabolism in pigs. Anim Physiol Anim Nutr, 22, 89-92.
4. Conly JM, Stein K (1992): The production of menaquinones (vitamin-K2) by intestinal bacteria and their role in maintaining coagulation homeostasis. Prog Food Nutr Sci, 16, 307–343.
5. Cook SI, Sellin JH (1998): Review article: short chain fatty acids in health and disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 12, 499-507.
6. Cummings JH (1981): Short-chain fatty acids in the human colon. Gut, 22, 763–779.
7. Cummings JH, Englyst HN (1987): Fermentation in the human large-intestine and the available substrates. Am J Clin Nutr, 45, 1243–1255.
8. Cummings JH, Macfarlane GT (1991): A review: The control and consequences of bacterial fermentation in the human colon. J Appl Bacteriol, 70, 443–459.

9. Czerkawski JW, Breckenridge G (1977): Design and development of a long-term rumen simulation technique (Rusitec). Br J Nutr, 38, 371–384.
10. Hopkins MJ, Macfarlane GT (2003): Nondigestible oligosaccharides enhance bacterial colonization resistance against Clostridium difficile in vitro. Appl Environ Microbiol, 69, 1920–1927.
11. Oeztuerk H, Schroeder B, Beyerbach M, Breves G (2005): Influence of living and autoclaved yeasts of Saccharomyces boulardii on in vitro ruminal microbial metabolism. J Dairy Sci, 88, 2594–2600.
12. Orskov ER, Hovell FDDeB, Mould FL (1980): The use of the nylon bag technique for the evaluation of feedstuffs. Trop Anim Prod, 5, 195-213.
13. Öztürk H (2003): In-vitro-Studien zum Einfluss von Topinamburmehl und Saccharomyces boulardii auf den mikrobiellen Vormagenstoffwechsel. Dissertation, Tierärztliche Hochschule, Hannover, Germany, 91.
14. Russell JB (1986): Heat production by ruminal bacteria in continuous culture and its relationship to maintenance energy. J Bacteriol, 168, 694-701.
15. Salminen S, Bouley C, Boutron-Ruault MC, Cummings JH, Franck A, Gibson GR, Isolauri E, Moreau MC, Roberfroid M, Rowland I (1998): Functional food science and gastrointestinal physiology and function. Br J Nutr, 80, 147–171.
16. Sarna SK, Gonzalez A, Ryan RP (2000): Enteric locus of action of prokinetics: ABT-229, motilin, and erythromycin. Am J Physiol, 278, G744–G752.
17. Segal I, Hassan H, Walker ARP, Becker P, Braganza J (1995): Fecal short chain fatty acids in South African urban Africans and whites. Dis Col Rectum, 38, 732-734.
18. Stuck K, Faul K, Hylla S, Stein J, Breves G (1995): The application of a semi-continuous colon simulation technique (COSITEC) for studying the effects of clindamycin on microbial hindgut metabolism. Z Gastroenterol, 33, 241-246.
19. Walker ARP, Segal I (1997): Effects of transition on bowel diseases in Sub-Saharan Africans. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 9, 207–210.
20. Walker AW, Duncan SH, MacWilliam Leitch EC, Child MW, Flint HJ (2005): pH and peptide supply can radically alter bacterial populations and short chain fatty acid ratios within human colonic microbial communities. Appl Environ Microbiol, 71, 3692-3700.
21. Wong JM, de Souza R, Kendall CW, Emam A, Jenkins DJ (2006): Colonic health: fermentation and short chain fatty acids. J Clin Gastroenterol, 40, 235-243.