Seroepidemiological studies of equine herpesviruses 1 (EHV-1) and 4 (EHV-4) infections in working horses from the eastern Turkey

Abstract

The objective of this research was to determine the presence of equine herpesvirus types 1 (EHV-1) and 4 (EHV4) antibodies in local horses from five provinces in the East Anatolia region of Turkey. Blood samples were collected from 405 nonvaccinated horses living in Van, Bitlis, Muş, Erzurum, and Iğdır, and were analyzed via a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). EHV-1- and EHV-4-specific antibodies were detected in 94 (23.2%) and 316 (78.0%) of the 405 tested sera, respectively. The seropositivity percentages for EHV-1-specific antibodies by province were as follows: 29.5% in Van, 6.1% in Bitlis, 5.1% in Muş, 24.0% in Iğdır, and 20.6% in Erzurum. EHV-4-specific antibodies were detected at levels of 87.2% in Van, 61.2% in Bitlis, 56.4% in Muş, 84.0% in Iğdır, and 52.9% in Erzurum. The present investigation demonstrated that EHV-1 and EHV4 infections were more prevalent in the indigenous horse population from five provinces in the East Anatolia region of Turkey. Also, this data on the high seropositivity of both infections in two provinces (Van and Iğdır) along the eastern border of Turkey may be also serve as a risk indicator for future introductions of some transboundary diseases via border trade

Keywords

• Antibody
• equine herpesvirus type-1
• equine herpesvirus type-4
• Turkey

Türkiye'nin doğu illerindeki yük atlarında at herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) ve 4 (EHV-4) infeksiyonlarınınseroepidemiyolojisi

Abstract

Bu araştırmada, Türkiye'nin Doğu Anadolu bölgesinde yer alan 5 ilde kullanılan lokal ırk atlarda, at herpesvirus tip-1 (EHV-1) ve 4 (EHV-4)'e karşı oluşmuş antikorların varlığının belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Van, Bitlis, Muş, Erzurum ve Iğdır illerindeki aşılanmamış toplam 405 attan toplanan kan örnekleri ticari bir ELISA kiti ile test edildi. Test edilen serumların, 94 adedi (%23.2) EHV-1; 316 adedi ise (%78) EHV-4 antikorları yönünden pozitif bulundu. İllere göre EHV-1 seropozitiflik oranları; Van'da %29.5, Bitlis'te %6.1, Muş'ta %5.1, Iğdır'da %24 ve Erzurum'da %20.6 olarak tespit edilirken, EHV-4 için seropozitiflik oranları; Van'da %87.2, Bitlis'te %61.2, Muş'ta %56.4, Iğdır'da %84 ve Erzurum'da %52.9 olarak saptandı. Bu araştırma, EHV-1 ve EHV-4 infeksiyonlarının Doğu Anadolu bölgesine ait 5 ildeki lokal at populasyonlarında oldukça yaygın olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, Türkiye'nin doğu sınırında yer alan iki ilde (Van ve Iğdır) her iki infeksiyona karşı belirlenen yüksek seropozitifliğin, gelecekte birçok önemli hastalığın sınır ticareti yolu ile ülkemize girişine yönelik risk oluşturabileceği sonucuna da varılmıştır

Keywords

• Antikor
• at herpesvirus tip-1
• at herpesvirus tip- 4
• Türkiye

References

1. Akkan HA, Karaca M, Tütüncü M, Değer S, Keleş İ, Ağaoğlu Z (2003). Serologic and microscopic studies on babesiosis in horse in the eastern border of Turkey. J Eq Vet Sci, 23, 181-183.
2. Ataseven VS, Daly JM (2007). Seroepidemiology of equine influenza virus infection in Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 31, 199-202.
3. Ataseven VS, Bilge-Dağalp S, Güzel M, Başaran Z, Tan MT, Geraghty B (2008). Prevalence of equine herpesvirus-1 and equine herpesvirus-4 infections in equidae species in Turkey as determined by ELISA and multiplex nested PCR. Res Vet Sci, doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.06.001, in press.
4. Doll ER, Bryans JT (1963). Epizootiology of equine viral rhinopneumonitis. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 142, 31-37.
5. Domenech J, Lubroth J, Eddi C, Martin V, Roger F (2006). Regional and international approaches on prevention and control of animal transboundry and emerging diseases. Ann NY Acad Sci, 1081, 90-107.
6. Foote CE, Gilkerson JR, Whalley JM, Love DN (2003). Seroprevalence of equine herpesvirus 1 in mares and foals on a large Hunter Valley stud farm in years pre-and postvaccination. Aust Vet J, 81, 283-288.
7. Gilkerson JR, Jorm LR, Love DN, Lawrence GL, Whalley JM (1994). Epidemiological investigation of equids herpevirus-4 (EHV-4) excretion assessed by nasal swabs taken from thoroughbred foals. Vet Microbiol, 39, 275-283.
8. Gilkerson JR, Whalley JM, Drummer HE, Studdert MJ, Love DN (1999). Epidemiology of EHV-1 and EHV-4 in the mare and foal populations on a Hunter Valley stud farm: are mares the source of EHV-1 for unweaned foals. Vet Microbiol, 68, 27-34.

9. Harless W and Pusterla N (2006). Equine herpesvirus 1 and 4 respiratory disease in the horse. Clin Tech Eq Pract, 5, 197-202.
10. Keane DP, Little PB, Wilkie BN, Artsob H, Thorsen J (1988). Agents of equine viral encephalomyelitis: correlation of serum and cerebrospinal fluid antibodies. Can J Vet Res, 52, 229-235.
11. Matsumura T, Sugiura T, Imagawa H, Fukunaga Y, Kamada M (1992). Epizootiological aspects of type 1 and type 4 equine herpesvirus infections among horse populations. J Vet Med Sci, 54, 207-211.
12. Nordengrahn A, Merza M, Svedlund G, Roneus M, Berndtsson T, Lindholm A, Drummer HE, Studdert MJ, Abusugra I, Gunnarsson E, Klingeborn B (1999). A field study of the application of a type-spesific test distinguishing antibodies to equine herpesvirus-4 and -1. 125-128. In: U Wernery, JF Wade, JA Mumford, O-R Kaaden (Eds), Equine Infectious Diseases, Proceedings of the 8th International Conference Equine Infectious Diseases. R&W Publications, Newmarket.
13. OIE (2000). Equine rhinopneumonitis. www.oie.int/eng/ normes/mmanual/ancien_manuel/A_00075.htm. Erişim Tarihi: 26/02/2008.
14. Singh BK, Yadav MP, Uppal PK, Rattan B (1999). National assessment of equine herpesvirus-1 infection among equidae in India. 578-579. In: U Wernery, JF Wade, JA Mumford, O-R Kaaden (Eds), Equine Infectious Diseases, Proceedings of the 8th International Conference Equine Infectious Diseases. R&W Publications, Newmarket.
15. TÜİK (2006). Hayvancılık verileri. http://tuik.gov.tr/ report/rwservlet?hayvancilik. Erişim Tarihi: 08.04.2008
16. Welch HM, Bridges CG, Lyon AM, Griffiths L, Edington N (1992). Latent equid herpesvirus 1 and 4: detection and distinction using the polymerase chain reaction and co-cultivation from lymphoid tissues. J Gen Virol, 73, 261-268. Geliş tarihi: 31.01.2009 / Kabul tarihi: 17.07.2009 Address for correspondence: Yrd. Doç.Dr. Veysel Soydal Ataseven Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Viroloji Anabilim Dalı, Tayfur Sökmen Kampüsü, Antakya/Hatay, Phone: [phone]/1516, Fax: [phone] E-mail: [e-mail]