Clinical aspects of blood transfusion in cats

Abstract

The safe use of transfusion therapy requires proper knowledge on blood groups, blood typing, donor selection, blood collection, transfusion protocols and adverse transfusion reactions. Type B cats have high titres of naturally occurring anti-A isoagglutinins and type A cats have generally low titred anti-B isoagglutinins in their plasma. The severity of incompatibility reactions in blood transfusion is proportional to the alloantibody titres of the recipient blood. Transfusion of type B blood to type A cats may develop a mild transfusion reactions. In contrast, administration of type A blood to type B cats can cause potentially fatal acute hemolytic transfusion reactions. Adverse transfusion reactions can be avoided by typing donor and recipient cats before transfusion and by administering only matched blood. Due to improvement in feline blood typing, collecting and administration procedures, there has been a notable increase in the blood transfusion therapy in these animals. Present paper reviews current understanding of the pactical aspects of transfusion therapy in cats

Keywords

• Cat
• blood type
• blood transfusion
• transfusion reactions

Kedilerde kan aktarımının klinik uygulama esasları

Abstract

Kan aktarımının (transfüzyon) güvenli bir şekilde uygulanabilmesi için kan grupları, grup tayini, verici seçimi, kan alma, kan aktarım protokolü ve olası transfüzyon reaksiyonları konusunda yeterli bilgi ve deneyim gerekmektedir. B grubu kana sahip kedilerin çoğunun kan plazmasında yüksek titrede anti-A antikorları bulunmakta iken A grubu kana sahip kedilerin çok azının plazması, titresi yüksek anti-B antikorları bulundurur. Transfüzyon reaksiyonunun şiddeti, alıcının kan plazmasında bulunan antikor titresiyle doğrusal orantılı olarak değişim göstermektedir. B grubu kanın A grubu kediye aktarımı gecikmiş tipte hafif transfüzyon reaksiyonuna yol açarken, A grubu kanın B grubu bir kediye aktarımı, sonucu öldürücü olabilen akut, hemolitik transfüzyon reaksiyonuna neden olabilmektedir. Alıcı ile vericiye, kan aktarımı öncesi uygulanacak kan grubu testi sayesinde sadece uyumlu kanın aktarımı sağlanarak, olası transfüzyon reaksiyonları önlenebilir. Kan grubu tayini, kan alma ve aktarımı işlemlerinde meydana gelen son gelişmeler sayesinde, kedi kan aktarımı tedavisinde, önemli ilerlemeler kaydedilmiştir. Bu derleme makalede, kan aktarımı tedavisinin kedilere uygulanışı konusunda gelinen son nokta değerlendirilmektedir

Keywords

• kan aktarımı
• kan grubu
• kedi
• transfüzyon reaksiyonları

References

1. Arıkan S, Duru SY, Gürkan M, Ağaoğlu ZT, Giger U (2003): Blood type A and B frequencies in Turkish Van and Angora cats in Turkey. J Vet Med A, 50, 303-306.
2. Arıkan Ş, Akkan HA (2004): Titres of naturally occurring alloantibodies against feline blood group antigens in Turkish Van cats. J Small Animl Pract, 45, 289-292.
3. Arıkan Ş, Gürkan M, Özaytekin E, Dodurka T, Giger U (2006): Frequencies of blood type A, B and AB in non- pedigree domestic cats in Turkey. J Small Animl Pract, 47, 10-13.
4. Arıkan Ş (2007): Kedilerde kan grupları: Kan gruplarının kedi ırkı ve coğrafik konuma göre dağılımı. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 54, 223-227.
5. Auer L, Bell K (1983): Transfusion reactions in cats due to AB blood group incompatibility. Res Vet Sci, 35, 145- 152.
6. Bucheler J, (1999). Fading kitten syndrome and neonatal isoerythrolysis. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract, 29, 853-870.
7. Butler M, Andrews A, Smith JE (1991): Reactivity of lectins with feline erythrocytes. Comp Haematol Int, 1, 217–219.
8. Callan MB (2000): Red blood cell transfuions in the dog and cat. 833-837. In: Feldman BF; Zinkl JG and Jain NC (Eds), Shalm’s Veterinary Hematology. Fifth edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Pennysilvania, USA.

9. Fusco JV, Hohenhaus AE, Aiken SW, Joseph RJ, Berg JM (2000): Autologous blood collection and transfusion in cats undergoing partial craniectomy. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 216, 1584-1588.
10. Giger U, Akol KG (1990): Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction in an Abyssinian cat with blood type B. British J Vet Int Med, 4, 315-316.
11. Giger U, Bucheler J (1991): Transfusion of type-A and type-B blood to cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 198, 411–418.
12. Giger U (1992): Feline transfusion medicine. 600-611. In: AE Hohenhaus (Ed), Transfusion medicine (problems in veterinary medicine). Philadelphia; JB Lippincott.
13. Giger U (2000): Blood typing and crossmatching to ensure compatible transfusions. Kirk’s Current Vet Therapy, 13, 396-399.
14. Griot-Wenk ME, Giger U (1995): Feline transfusion medicin: Blood types and their clinical importance. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract, 25, 1305–1322.
15. Gürkan M, Arıkan Ş, Özaytekin E, Dodurka T (2005): Titres of alloantibodies against A and B blood types in non-pedigree domestic cats in Turkey: assessing the transfusion reaction risk. J Feline Med Surg, 7, 301-305.
16. Hohenhaus AE (2000): Transfusion reactions. 864-868. In: Feldman BF, Zinkl JG, Jain NC (Eds), Shalm’s Veterinary Hematology. Fifth edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Pennysilvania, USA.
17. Hohenhaus AE, Drusin LM, Garvey MS (1997): Serratia marcescens contamination of feline whole blood in a hospital blood bank. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 210, 794- 798.
18. Hohenhaus AE (2004): Importance of blood group antibodies in copanion animals. Transfus Med Rev, 18, 117-126.
19. Iserson KV, Huestis DW (1991): Blood warming: current uplications and techniques. Transfusion, 31, 558-569.
20. Knottenbelt CM, Day MJ, Cripps PJ, Mackin AJ (1999): Measurement of titres of naturally occurring alloantibodies against feline blood group antigens in the UK. J Small Anim Prat, 40, 365-370.
21. Knottenbelt CM (2002): The feline AB blood group system and its importance in transfusion medicine. J Feline Med Surg, 4, 69-76.
22. Marion RS, Smith JE (1983): Survival of erythrocytes after autulogugoues and allogeneic transfusion in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 183, 1437-1439.
23. Ogg AA (2001): Practical blood transfusion. 263-303. In: Day M, Mackin A, Littlewood J, (Eds), Manual of Canine and Feline Hematology and Treansfusion Medicine, Iowa State University Press, Ames, USA.
24. Schneider A (2000): Principles of blood collection and processing. 827-832. In: Feldman BF, Zinkl JG, Jain NC, (Eds), Shalm’s Veterinary Hematology. Fifth edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Pennysilvania, USA.
25. Stieger K, Palos H, Giger U (2005): Comparison of various blood-typing methods for the feline AB blood group system. Am J Vet Res, 66, 1393-1399.
26. Turnwald GH, Pichler ME (1985): Blood transfusion in dogs and cats. Part 11. Administration, adverse effects, and component therapy. Compend. Cont. Educ. Pract. Vet, 7, 115–126.
27. Vengele-Teyler V (1996)A AABB technical manual. 12th ed. Bethesta. MD; American Association Blood Banks.
28. Wardrop KJ (1995): Selection of anticoagulant- preservatives for canine and feline blood storage. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract, 25, 1263-1276.
29. Wardrop KJ (2000): Clinical blood typing and crossmatching. 795-798. In: Feldman BF, Zinkl JG, Jain NC, (Eds), Shalm’s Veterinary Hematology, Fifth edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Pennysilvania, USA.
30. Weingart C, Giger U, Kohn B (2004): Whole blood transfusions in 91 cats: a clinical evaluation. J Feline Med Surg, 6, 139-148.
31. Wilkerson MJ, Wardrop KJ, Giger U, Myers KM (1991): Two cat colonies with A and B blood types and a clinical transfusion reaction. Feline Pract, 19, 22–26. Geliş tarihi: 08.11.2007 / Kabul tarihi: 29.04.2008