Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

ENDING CIVIL WARS THROUGH INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION: “COERCIVE MEDIATION” IN THE BOSNIAN WAR

Year 2019, Volume: 55 Issue: 1, 5 - 21, 20.07.2019

Abstract

The Bosnian War (1992-1995) was one of the

most horrendous wars in recent history. In it,

more than 200,000 people died, and 2 million

people were displaced. This study attempts

to understand why some mediation attempts

fail and some succeed. Why did international

actors waited so long to intervene in the Bosnian

War? After four years of non-engagement,

why did the US decide to intervene?

Why did the mediation at Dayton result in

agreement, while the previous attempts to

end the Bosnian war had failed? Analyzing

the mediation efforts in Bosnian War may

help us understand what may make mediation

more effective in future.

References

  • BILDT, Carl. Peace Journey: The Struggle For Peace in Bosnia, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1998.
  • BURG, Steven L. and Paul S. Shoup. The War in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Ethnic Conflict and International Intervention, New York, M.E. Sharpe, 2000.
  • COUSENS, Elizabeth M., “Making Peace in Bosnia Work”, Cornell International Law Journal, 30: 789-818.
  • DAALDER, Ivo H. “Fear and Loathing in the Former Yugoslavia”, in The International Dimensions of Internal Conflict, edited by Michael E. Brown, Cambridge, MIT Press, 1996.
  • DAALDER, Ivo H. Getting to Dayton: The Making of America’s Bosnia Policy, Washington D.C: Brookings Institution Press, 2000.
  • DOWNS, George and Stephen John Stedman, “Evaluation Issues in Peace Implementation”, in Ending Civil Wars: The Implementation of Peace Agreements, edited by Stephen John Stedman, Donald Rothchild, and Elizabeth M. Cousens, Boulder and London, Lynne Reinner Publishers, 2002.
  • DREW, Elizabeth, On the Edge, New York, Simon and Schuster, 1994.
  • FILSON, Darren and Suzanne Werner, “A Bargaining Model of War and Peace: Anticipating the Onset, Duration, and Outcome of War,” American Journal of Political Science, vol. 46, no. 4, October, 2002.
  • General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, https://peacemaker.un.org/ sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/BA_951121_DaytonAgreement.pdf.
  • GOMPERT, David C. “The United States and Yugoslavia’s Wars”, in The World and Yugoslavia’s Wars, edited by Richard H. Ullman, New York, Council on Foreign Relations, 1996.
  • GOW, James, Triumph of the Lack of Will: International Diplomacy and the Yugoslav War, New York, Columbia University Press, 1997.
  • HOLBROOKE, Richard. To End a War, New York, The Modern Library, 1999.
  • HONIG, Jan Willem and Norbert Both, Srebrenica: Record of a War Crime, New York, Penguin Books, 1997.
  • HUTCHINGS, Robert L. American Diplomacy and the End of the Cold War: 1989-1992, Washington, Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1997.
  • MASON, T. David and Patrick J. Fett “How Civil Wars End: a Rational Choice Approach”, Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. 40, no. 4, December 1996.
  • MITCHELL, C.R. “Motives for Mediation” in New Approaches to International Mediation, edited by C.R. Mitchell and K. Webb, New York, Greenwood Press, 1988.
  • OWEN, David. Balkan Odyssey, New York, Harcout Brace and Co., 1995.
  • Rohde, David, The Betrayal and Fall of Srebrenica: Europe’s Worst Massacre Since World War the Second, New York, Penguin Books, 2012.
  • RUDMAN, George, “Backtracking to Reformulate: Establishing the Bosnian Federation,” International Negotiation, 1, no.3, 1996, pp.525-545.
  • SERWER, Daniel, “A Federation Memoir”, in Chester A. Crocker, Fen Osler Hampson and Pamela Aall eds., Herding Cats Multiparty Mediation in a Complex World, Washington D.C., United States Institute of Peace, 1999.
  • SHARP, Jane M.O. “Dayton Report Card”, International Security, 22, no.3, Winter 1997-1998, pp.101-137.
  • TOUVAL, Saadia, “Coercive Mediation on the Road to Dayton”, International Negotiation 1, 1996, pp.547-570.
  • TOUVAL, Saadia. Mediation in the Yugoslav Wars: The Critical Years, 1990-95, Great Britain, Palgrave, 2002.
  • WAGNER, R. Harrison, “Bargaining and War,” American Journal of Political Science, vol. 44, no. 3, July 2000.
  • WITTMAN, Donald, “How a War Ends: A Rational Model Approach”, Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. 23, no. 4, December 1979.
  • ZARTMAN, William and Saadia Touval, “International Mediation in the Post-Cold War Era”, in Managing Global Chaos, edited by Chester A. Crocker and Fen Osler Hampson, with Pamela Aall, Washington, United Institute of Peace Press, 1996.
  • ZARTMAN, William. “Ripeness: The Hurting Stalemate and Beyond,” in International Conflict Resolution After the Cold War, edited by Paul C. Stern and Daniel Druckman, Washington D.C., National Academy Press, 2000.

İÇ SAVAŞLARIN ULUSLARARASI MÜDAHALE YOLUYLA SONA ERDİRİLMESİ: BOSNA SAVAŞINDA “ZORLAYICI ARABULUCULUK”

Year 2019, Volume: 55 Issue: 1, 5 - 21, 20.07.2019

Abstract

Bosna Savaşı (1992-1995) yakın tarihin en
dehşetli savaşlarından biriydi. Bu savaşta
200.000’den fazla insan ölmüş ve 2 milyon kişi
yerinden edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, niçin bazı arabuluculuk
girişimlerinin başarısız, bazı arabuluculuk
girişimlerinin ise başarılı olduğunu anlamaya
çalışmaktadır. Uluslararası aktörler Bosna
Savaşına müdahale etmek için neden bu kadar
uzun süre beklemişlerdir? ABD, neden savaşın
başlamasından dört yıl sonra müdahale etmeye
karar vermiştir? Bosna savaşını sona erdirmek
için daha önce yapılmış olan girişimler neden
başarısız olurken, Dayton’daki arabuluculuk
anlaşmayla sonuçlanmıştır? Bosna Savaşı’ndaki
arabuluculuk çabalarını analiz etmek, gelecekteki
arabuluculuk çabalarının nasıl daha etkili
olabileceğini anlamamıza yardımcı olabilir.

References

  • BILDT, Carl. Peace Journey: The Struggle For Peace in Bosnia, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1998.
  • BURG, Steven L. and Paul S. Shoup. The War in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Ethnic Conflict and International Intervention, New York, M.E. Sharpe, 2000.
  • COUSENS, Elizabeth M., “Making Peace in Bosnia Work”, Cornell International Law Journal, 30: 789-818.
  • DAALDER, Ivo H. “Fear and Loathing in the Former Yugoslavia”, in The International Dimensions of Internal Conflict, edited by Michael E. Brown, Cambridge, MIT Press, 1996.
  • DAALDER, Ivo H. Getting to Dayton: The Making of America’s Bosnia Policy, Washington D.C: Brookings Institution Press, 2000.
  • DOWNS, George and Stephen John Stedman, “Evaluation Issues in Peace Implementation”, in Ending Civil Wars: The Implementation of Peace Agreements, edited by Stephen John Stedman, Donald Rothchild, and Elizabeth M. Cousens, Boulder and London, Lynne Reinner Publishers, 2002.
  • DREW, Elizabeth, On the Edge, New York, Simon and Schuster, 1994.
  • FILSON, Darren and Suzanne Werner, “A Bargaining Model of War and Peace: Anticipating the Onset, Duration, and Outcome of War,” American Journal of Political Science, vol. 46, no. 4, October, 2002.
  • General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, https://peacemaker.un.org/ sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/BA_951121_DaytonAgreement.pdf.
  • GOMPERT, David C. “The United States and Yugoslavia’s Wars”, in The World and Yugoslavia’s Wars, edited by Richard H. Ullman, New York, Council on Foreign Relations, 1996.
  • GOW, James, Triumph of the Lack of Will: International Diplomacy and the Yugoslav War, New York, Columbia University Press, 1997.
  • HOLBROOKE, Richard. To End a War, New York, The Modern Library, 1999.
  • HONIG, Jan Willem and Norbert Both, Srebrenica: Record of a War Crime, New York, Penguin Books, 1997.
  • HUTCHINGS, Robert L. American Diplomacy and the End of the Cold War: 1989-1992, Washington, Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1997.
  • MASON, T. David and Patrick J. Fett “How Civil Wars End: a Rational Choice Approach”, Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. 40, no. 4, December 1996.
  • MITCHELL, C.R. “Motives for Mediation” in New Approaches to International Mediation, edited by C.R. Mitchell and K. Webb, New York, Greenwood Press, 1988.
  • OWEN, David. Balkan Odyssey, New York, Harcout Brace and Co., 1995.
  • Rohde, David, The Betrayal and Fall of Srebrenica: Europe’s Worst Massacre Since World War the Second, New York, Penguin Books, 2012.
  • RUDMAN, George, “Backtracking to Reformulate: Establishing the Bosnian Federation,” International Negotiation, 1, no.3, 1996, pp.525-545.
  • SERWER, Daniel, “A Federation Memoir”, in Chester A. Crocker, Fen Osler Hampson and Pamela Aall eds., Herding Cats Multiparty Mediation in a Complex World, Washington D.C., United States Institute of Peace, 1999.
  • SHARP, Jane M.O. “Dayton Report Card”, International Security, 22, no.3, Winter 1997-1998, pp.101-137.
  • TOUVAL, Saadia, “Coercive Mediation on the Road to Dayton”, International Negotiation 1, 1996, pp.547-570.
  • TOUVAL, Saadia. Mediation in the Yugoslav Wars: The Critical Years, 1990-95, Great Britain, Palgrave, 2002.
  • WAGNER, R. Harrison, “Bargaining and War,” American Journal of Political Science, vol. 44, no. 3, July 2000.
  • WITTMAN, Donald, “How a War Ends: A Rational Model Approach”, Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. 23, no. 4, December 1979.
  • ZARTMAN, William and Saadia Touval, “International Mediation in the Post-Cold War Era”, in Managing Global Chaos, edited by Chester A. Crocker and Fen Osler Hampson, with Pamela Aall, Washington, United Institute of Peace Press, 1996.
  • ZARTMAN, William. “Ripeness: The Hurting Stalemate and Beyond,” in International Conflict Resolution After the Cold War, edited by Paul C. Stern and Daniel Druckman, Washington D.C., National Academy Press, 2000.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

İdil Tunçer Kılavuz This is me 0000-0002-9226-0584

Publication Date July 20, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 55 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Tunçer Kılavuz, İ. (2019). ENDING CIVIL WARS THROUGH INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION: “COERCIVE MEDIATION” IN THE BOSNIAN WAR. Avrasya Etüdleri, 55(1), 5-21.
AMA Tunçer Kılavuz İ. ENDING CIVIL WARS THROUGH INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION: “COERCIVE MEDIATION” IN THE BOSNIAN WAR. Avrasya Etüdleri. July 2019;55(1):5-21.
Chicago Tunçer Kılavuz, İdil. “ENDING CIVIL WARS THROUGH INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION: ‘COERCIVE MEDIATION’ IN THE BOSNIAN WAR”. Avrasya Etüdleri 55, no. 1 (July 2019): 5-21.
EndNote Tunçer Kılavuz İ (July 1, 2019) ENDING CIVIL WARS THROUGH INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION: “COERCIVE MEDIATION” IN THE BOSNIAN WAR. Avrasya Etüdleri 55 1 5–21.
IEEE İ. Tunçer Kılavuz, “ENDING CIVIL WARS THROUGH INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION: ‘COERCIVE MEDIATION’ IN THE BOSNIAN WAR”, Avrasya Etüdleri, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 5–21, 2019.
ISNAD Tunçer Kılavuz, İdil. “ENDING CIVIL WARS THROUGH INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION: ‘COERCIVE MEDIATION’ IN THE BOSNIAN WAR”. Avrasya Etüdleri 55/1 (July 2019), 5-21.
JAMA Tunçer Kılavuz İ. ENDING CIVIL WARS THROUGH INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION: “COERCIVE MEDIATION” IN THE BOSNIAN WAR. Avrasya Etüdleri. 2019;55:5–21.
MLA Tunçer Kılavuz, İdil. “ENDING CIVIL WARS THROUGH INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION: ‘COERCIVE MEDIATION’ IN THE BOSNIAN WAR”. Avrasya Etüdleri, vol. 55, no. 1, 2019, pp. 5-21.
Vancouver Tunçer Kılavuz İ. ENDING CIVIL WARS THROUGH INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION: “COERCIVE MEDIATION” IN THE BOSNIAN WAR. Avrasya Etüdleri. 2019;55(1):5-21.