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TURKEY'S CONTRIBUTION TO PEACE AND STABILITY IN THE BALKANS: ASSESSING THE TURKISH MILITARY CONTINGENT IN BOSNIAHERZEGOVINA UNDER THE STABILIZATION FORCE (SFOR) MISSION (1996-2004)

Year 2021, Volume: 59 Issue: 1, 35 - 57, 31.07.2021

Abstract

This article examines the activities of the Turkish military contingent in the multinational peacekeeping force SFOR, which was formed under the leadership of NATO and served in Bosnia-Herzegovina between the years of 1996-2004. During the 8-year period, the Turkish contingent fulfilled many duties to ensure a lasting peace and security in Bosnia-Herzegovina. The activities of the Turkish contingent in Bosnia-Herzegovina are of interest to scholars for several reasons, but particularly because of humanitarian aid, reconstruction works, health services and activities, which were aimed at ensuring security in the country. This article presents new evidence to support the hypothesis that Turkish aid was welcomed by Bosniak communities because of shared cultural heritage and widespread trust. Turkish
troops helped the Bosnians with the funds they formed among themselves, apart from international aid. The health service was provided to local people in the hospital established by the Turkish contingent. An intense effort was made to rebuild the buildings and bridges destroyed during the war. The roads in bad condition were repaired and the settlements were connected to each other. The Turkish contingent carried out information activities in the area where it was operating, about mines
and other explosives.

References

  • I. Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Tutanak Dergisi (TBMMTD) (Official Records of the Turkish National Assembly)
  • II. United Nations United Security Council Resolutions (UNSCR):
  • Res. No: 713, (25 September 1991), http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/doc/713 (Date of access: 19.08.2020).
  • Res. No: 743, (21 February 1992), http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/doc/743 (Date of access: 19.08.2020).
  • Res. No: 758, (8 June 1992), https://undocs.org/S/RES/758 (1992) (Date of access: 19.08.2020).
  • Res. No: 824, (6 May 1993), http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/doc/824 (Date of access:19.08.2020).
  • Res. No: 1031, (15 December 1995), “Implementation of the Peace Agreement for Bosnia and Herzegovina and transfer of authority from the UN Protection Force to the multinational Implementation Force (IFOR)”, http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/doc/1031 (Date of access: 20.08.2020).
  • Res. No: 1088, (12 December 1996), “The situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina”, http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/doc/1088 (Date of access: 20.08.2020). III. SFOR Informer: “Turkish soldiers folk dancing”, SFOR Informer, https://www.nato.int/sfor/misc/turks/turkdanc.htm (Date of access: 23.06.2020).
  • Capt. Vorfi, Gjon, “The Turkish Special Medical Unit”, SFOR Informer, 24 December 1997, https://www.nato.int/sfor/nations/various/turkey/turmed.htm (Date of access: 23.06.2020).
  • Capt. Andersen, Knut B., “Turkish aid to blind children”, SFOR Informer, 24 May 2000, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/88/helblind/t000526h.htm (Date of access: 24.06.2020).
  • Maj. Pina, Juan A. “Peace Stabilisers’ football match”, SFOR Informer, 7 June 2000, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/89/football/t000608h.htm (Date of access: 24.06.2020).
  • Sgt. Maddox, Michael, “Turkish CIMIC team visit”, SFOR Informer, 2 August 2000, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/93/turkcim/t000730g.htm (Date of access: 25.06.2020).
  • Sgt. Maddox, Michael, “Community projects”, SFOR Informer, 16 August 2000, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/94/commpro/t000730h.htm (Date of access: 25.06.2020).
  • 1st Lt. Barb, Alexander, “Turks work to help local schools along”, SFOR Informer, 27 September 2000, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/97/zenica/t000927r.htm (Date of access:26.06.2020).
  • 1st Lt. Barb, Alexander, “Turks offer a window on the future”, SFOR Informer, 11 October 2000,https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/98/s98p15a/t001012q.htm (Date of access: 26.06.2020).
  • 1Lt. Barb, Alexander, “Turkish EOD give school children lessons”, SFOR Informer, 22 November 2000, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/101/s101p11b/t00112211b.htm (Date of access: 26.06.2020).
  • 1st Lt. Miller, Franois-Xavier, “The roots of the future”, SFOR Informer, 7 March 2001, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/108/s108p13a/t01030713a.htm (Date of access: 27.06.2020).
  • 1st Lt. Barb, Alexander, “Together on the bridge”, SFOR Informer, 3 May 2001, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/112/s112p04a/t0105034a.htm (Date of access: 26.06.2020).
  • 1st Lt. Egeberg, Kristoffer, “Partnership for help”, SFOR Informer, 30 May 2001, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/114/p10b/t0110b.htm (Date of access: 27.06.2020).
  • Cpl. Lavigne, Jean-Philippe, “Imece a Turkish tradition”, SFOR Informer, 3 October 2001, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/123/p08a/t0108a.htm (Date of access: 28.06.2020).
  • Cpl. Lavigne, Jean-Philippe, “Bridge over troubled water”, SFOR Informer, 28 November 2001, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/127/p14a/t0114a.htm (Date of access: 30.06.2020).
  • Lt. Bouysson, Eric, “Weapon Out-processing”, SFOR Informer, 28 February 2002, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/133/p07a/t02p07a.htm (Date of access: 02.07.2020).
  • Capt. Craig, Russell, “Two Nations, One Mission”, SFOR Informer, 9 May 2002, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/138/p03a/t02p03a.htm (Date of access: 03.07.2020).
  • Capt. Craig, Russell, “Turks Aid Collective Centres”, SFOR Informer, 23 May 2002, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/139/p14a/t02p14a.htm (Date of access: 03.07.2020).
  • Lt. Col. Burns, Sam, “Working hand in hand”, SFOR Informer, 18 July 2002, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/143/p11a/t02p11a.htm (Date of access: 03.07.2020).
  • 1st Lt. González, Antonio Ruiz, “Turkish troops collect and destroy weapons during annual harvest”, SFOR Informer, 15 August 2002, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/145/p08a/t02p08a.htm (Date of access: 05.07.2020).
  • Lt. Gouy, Anne-Claude, “Ghostburners, from collection to destruction”, SFOR Informer, 6 February 2003, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/157/p08a/t02p08a.htm (Date of access: 06.07.2020).
  • 1st. Lt. Çaylı, Göksel, “Bajram activities for the Turkish Battalion”, SFOR Informer, 6 March 2003, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/159/p14a/t02p14a.htm (Date of access: 10.07.2020).
  • Maj. Nikolla, Viktor, “SFOR’s soldiers beyond the borders”, SFOR Informer, 26 February 2003, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/articles/030326b/t030326b.htm (Date of access:12.07.2020).
  • 2nd Lt. Marín, Agustín López, “A dream comes true”, SFOR Informer, 31 March 2003, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/articles/030331a/t030331a.htm (Date of access: 16.07.2020).
  • 1st Lt. Çaylı, Göksel, “Turkish National Sovereignty Day and Children’s Festival”, SFOR Informer, 5 May 2003, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/articles/030505a/t030505a.htm (Dateof access: 18.07.2020).
  • 1st. Lt. Çaylı, Göksel, “Turks and ANZACS commemorate together”, SFOR Informer, 9 May 2003, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/articles/030509a/t030509a.htm (Date of access:19.07.2020).
  • 2nd Lt. Cüce, Özgür, “Joint patrol of Turkish and English troops”, SFOR Informer, 16 June 2003, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/articles/030616b/t030616b.htm (Date of access: 20.07.2020).
  • Hadziibrisevic, Nedima, “Turkish oldies teach US rookies”, SFOR Informer, 9 May 2003, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/articles/030509b/t030509b.htm (Date of access: 20.07.2020).
  • “History of the NATO-led Stabilisation Force (SFOR) in Bosnia and Herzegovina”, https://www.nato.int/sfor/docu/d981116a.htm, (Date of access: 20.08.2020).
  • C-) Books and Articles:Alp, İlker, “1990’larda Yugoslavya ve Bosna Hersek”, Trakya Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol. 1, No 1, 2001, pp. 1-50. Banac, Ivo, “Nationalism in Serbia”, Günay Göksu Özdoğan and Kemali Saybaşılı (eds.), Balkans: A Mirror of The New International Order, İstanbul, Eren Yayıncılık, 1995, pp. 133-152.
  • Bowman, Steven R., Bosnia Stabilization Force (SFOR) and U.S. Policy, CRS Report for Congress, 1 September 1998.
  • Caddick-Adams, Peter, “Civil affairs operations by IFOR and SFOR in Bosnia, 1995–97”, International Peacekeeping, Vol.5, No 3, 1998, pp. 142-154.
  • Carmichael, Cathie, A Concise History of Bosnia, UK, Cambridge University Press, 2015.
  • Carmichael, Cathie, Ethnic Cleansing in the Balkans: Nationalism and the Destruction of Tradition, London and New York, Routledge, 2002.
  • Cirafici, John L., “SFOR in Bosnia in 1997: A Watershed Year”, Parameters, Vol. 29, No 1, Spring 1999, pp. 80-91.
  • Demirtaş, Birgül, “Turkey and the Balkans: Overcoming Prejudices, Building Bridges and Constructing a Common Future”, Perceptions, Vol. XVIII, No 2, Summer 2013, pp. 163-184. Dobbins, James et al., Overcoming Obstacles to Peace: Local Factors in Nation-Building, Santa Monica, CA, RAND Corporation, 2013.
  • Ekinci, Didem, “The War in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Turkish Parliamentary Debates (1992-1995): A Constructivist Approach”, Uluslararası İlişkiler, Vol. 6, No 22, Summer 2009, pp.37-60.
  • Emgili, Fahriye, “Bosna-Hersek Trajedisinde (1992-1995) Türk Birliği”, Güney-Doğu Araştırmaları Dergisi, No 21, 2012, pp. 57-87.
  • Emiroğlu, Sema, “Türkiye, ‘Bosna’ya Asker’ Toplantısına Davet Edildi”, Milliyet, 17 March 1994, p. 20.
  • Friedman, Thomas L., “If Not Us, Them”, The New York Times, 24 November 1996, Section 4, p.15.
  • Hale, William, Turkish Foreign Policy since 1774, London and New York, Routledge, 2013.
  • http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-with-the-balkan-region.en.mfa (Date of access: 15.10.2020).
  • Kader Özlem, “Soğuk Savaş Sonrası Dönemde ABD’nin ve Türkiye’nin Balkanlar Politikalarının Bosna Hersek, Kosova ve Makedonya Krizleri Örneğinde İncelenmesi”, ”, Balkan Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, Vol. 1, No 1, 2012, pp. 23-40.
  • Kalaycı, İrfan, –Aytekin, Barış, “Türkiye-Balkan İlişkileri Üzerine (Geçmişten Geleceğe) Ekonomi-Politik Notlar”, Avrasya Etüdleri, C. 50, S. 2, ss. 21-48.
  • Kut, Şule, “Turkish Diplomatic Initiatives For Bosnia-Hercegovina”, Günay Göksu Özdoğan and Kemali Saybaşılı (eds.), Balkans: A Mirror of The New International Order, İstanbul, Eren Yayıncılık, 1995, pp. 295-316.
  • Matthiesen, Peter H., “EUFOR follows SFOR risk or chance for Europe?”, Journal for Labour and Social Affairs in Eastern Europe, Vol. 7, No 4, 2004, pp. 107-110.
  • McMahon, Patrice C. “Rebuilding Bosnia: A Model to Emulate or to Avoid?”, Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 119, No 4, Winter 2004/2005, pp. 569-593.
  • Mehmet Dalar, “Dayton Barış Antlaşması ve Bosna-Hersek’in Geleceği”, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Vol. 16, No 1, 2008, pp. 91-123.
  • Muğisuddin, Oya Akgönenç, “Türkler’in Balkanlar ve Bosna’daki Yeni Katkılarına Bir Örnek: Bosna’da Türk Tugayı”, Yeni Türkiye, Year 3, No 16, Ankara, 1997, pp. 1845-1852.
  • Özden, Neşe, “A Few Remarks on the History of Bosnia”, Ankara Üniversitesi Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi, No 21, 2007, pp. 59-68.
  • Preljevic, Hamza, “The Role of the Islamic Community in Peacebuilding in Post-War Bosnia and Herzegovina: Case Study of East Bosnia”, Insight Turkey, Vol. 19, No 3, Summer 2017, pp. 207-232.
  • Tahir Kodal, Bosna-Hersek’in Bağımsızlığını Kazanması ve Türkiye (1990-1992)”, Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi, Vol. 34, No 98, 2018, pp. 411-444.
  • Tzifakis, Nikolaos, “The Bosnian Peace Process: The Power-Sharing Approach Revisited”, Perspectives, No 28, pp. 85-101.
  • Vracich, Alida , “Turkey’s Role in the Western Balkans”, SWP Research Paper, December 2016.
  • Whitney, Craig R., “NATO Urged to Keep Force In Bosnia After Pullout Date”, The New York Times, 21 March 1996, Section A, p. 1.
  • D-) Thesis: Aksaç, Mustafa, Turkey’s Military Efforts For Peace in The Balkans, Unpublished M.A. Thesis, Ankara, Bilkent University, Department of International Relations, 2003.
  • Efegil, Ertan, The United Nations Protection Force in Former Yugoslavia (UNPROFOR) A Case Study For Future Peace-Keeping Operations, Unpublished M.A. Thesis, Ankara, Bilkent University, Institute of Economics and Social Sciences, 1994.
  • Eroğlu, Zehra, Soğuk Savaş Sonrası Dönemde Türkiye’nin Balkanlar’a Yönelik Dış Politikası, Unpublished M.A. Thesis, Ankara, Middle East Technical University, Department of International Relations, 2005.
  • Ritscher, Allison E Democratization in Bosnia: A More Effective Role For SFOR, Unpublished M.A. Thesis, Monterey, California, Naval Postgraduate School, 2001. Sağsak, Metin, Bosna-Hersek Örneğinde Türk Silahlı Kuvvetlerinin Barışı Destekleme Harekâtları, Unpublished M.A. Thesis, Ankara, Ankara University, Türk İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü (Institute of Turkish Revolution History), 2013.
  • Sağsak, Metin, Bosna-Hersek Örneğinde Türk Silahlı Kuvvetlerinin Barışı Destekleme Harekâtları, Unpublished M.A. Thesis, Ankara, Ankara University, Türk İnkılap Tarihi Enstitüsü (Institute of Turkish Revolution History), 2013.

TURKEY'S CONTRIBUTION TO PEACE AND STABILITY IN THE BALKANS: ASSESSING THE TURKISH MILITARY CONTINGENT IN BOSNIAHERZEGOVINA UNDER THE STABILIZATION FORCE (SFOR) MISSION (1996-2004)

Year 2021, Volume: 59 Issue: 1, 35 - 57, 31.07.2021

Abstract

This article examines the activities of the Turkish military contingent in the multinational peacekeeping force SFOR, which was formed under the leadership of NATO and served in Bosnia-Herzegovina between the years of 1996-2004. During the 8-year period, the Turkish contingent fulfilled many duties to ensure a lasting peace and security in Bosnia-Herzegovina. The activities of the Turkish contingent in Bosnia-Herzegovina are of interest to scholars for several reasons, but particularly because of humanitarian aid, reconstruction works, health services and activities, which were aimed at ensuring security in the country. This article presents new evidence to support the hypothesis that Turkish aid was welcomed by Bosniak communities because of shared cultural heritage and widespread trust. Turkish troops helped the Bosnians with the funds they formed among themselves, apart from international aid. The health service was provided to local people in the hospital established by the Turkish contingent. An intense effort was made to rebuild the buildings and bridges destroyed during the war. The roads in bad condition were repaired and the settlements were connected to each other. The Turkish contingent carried out information activities in the area where it was operating, about mines and other explosives.

References

  • I. Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Tutanak Dergisi (TBMMTD) (Official Records of the Turkish National Assembly)
  • II. United Nations United Security Council Resolutions (UNSCR):
  • Res. No: 713, (25 September 1991), http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/doc/713 (Date of access: 19.08.2020).
  • Res. No: 743, (21 February 1992), http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/doc/743 (Date of access: 19.08.2020).
  • Res. No: 758, (8 June 1992), https://undocs.org/S/RES/758 (1992) (Date of access: 19.08.2020).
  • Res. No: 824, (6 May 1993), http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/doc/824 (Date of access:19.08.2020).
  • Res. No: 1031, (15 December 1995), “Implementation of the Peace Agreement for Bosnia and Herzegovina and transfer of authority from the UN Protection Force to the multinational Implementation Force (IFOR)”, http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/doc/1031 (Date of access: 20.08.2020).
  • Res. No: 1088, (12 December 1996), “The situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina”, http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/doc/1088 (Date of access: 20.08.2020). III. SFOR Informer: “Turkish soldiers folk dancing”, SFOR Informer, https://www.nato.int/sfor/misc/turks/turkdanc.htm (Date of access: 23.06.2020).
  • Capt. Vorfi, Gjon, “The Turkish Special Medical Unit”, SFOR Informer, 24 December 1997, https://www.nato.int/sfor/nations/various/turkey/turmed.htm (Date of access: 23.06.2020).
  • Capt. Andersen, Knut B., “Turkish aid to blind children”, SFOR Informer, 24 May 2000, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/88/helblind/t000526h.htm (Date of access: 24.06.2020).
  • Maj. Pina, Juan A. “Peace Stabilisers’ football match”, SFOR Informer, 7 June 2000, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/89/football/t000608h.htm (Date of access: 24.06.2020).
  • Sgt. Maddox, Michael, “Turkish CIMIC team visit”, SFOR Informer, 2 August 2000, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/93/turkcim/t000730g.htm (Date of access: 25.06.2020).
  • Sgt. Maddox, Michael, “Community projects”, SFOR Informer, 16 August 2000, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/94/commpro/t000730h.htm (Date of access: 25.06.2020).
  • 1st Lt. Barb, Alexander, “Turks work to help local schools along”, SFOR Informer, 27 September 2000, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/97/zenica/t000927r.htm (Date of access:26.06.2020).
  • 1st Lt. Barb, Alexander, “Turks offer a window on the future”, SFOR Informer, 11 October 2000,https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/98/s98p15a/t001012q.htm (Date of access: 26.06.2020).
  • 1Lt. Barb, Alexander, “Turkish EOD give school children lessons”, SFOR Informer, 22 November 2000, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/101/s101p11b/t00112211b.htm (Date of access: 26.06.2020).
  • 1st Lt. Miller, Franois-Xavier, “The roots of the future”, SFOR Informer, 7 March 2001, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/108/s108p13a/t01030713a.htm (Date of access: 27.06.2020).
  • 1st Lt. Barb, Alexander, “Together on the bridge”, SFOR Informer, 3 May 2001, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/112/s112p04a/t0105034a.htm (Date of access: 26.06.2020).
  • 1st Lt. Egeberg, Kristoffer, “Partnership for help”, SFOR Informer, 30 May 2001, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/114/p10b/t0110b.htm (Date of access: 27.06.2020).
  • Cpl. Lavigne, Jean-Philippe, “Imece a Turkish tradition”, SFOR Informer, 3 October 2001, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/123/p08a/t0108a.htm (Date of access: 28.06.2020).
  • Cpl. Lavigne, Jean-Philippe, “Bridge over troubled water”, SFOR Informer, 28 November 2001, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/127/p14a/t0114a.htm (Date of access: 30.06.2020).
  • Lt. Bouysson, Eric, “Weapon Out-processing”, SFOR Informer, 28 February 2002, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/133/p07a/t02p07a.htm (Date of access: 02.07.2020).
  • Capt. Craig, Russell, “Two Nations, One Mission”, SFOR Informer, 9 May 2002, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/138/p03a/t02p03a.htm (Date of access: 03.07.2020).
  • Capt. Craig, Russell, “Turks Aid Collective Centres”, SFOR Informer, 23 May 2002, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/139/p14a/t02p14a.htm (Date of access: 03.07.2020).
  • Lt. Col. Burns, Sam, “Working hand in hand”, SFOR Informer, 18 July 2002, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/143/p11a/t02p11a.htm (Date of access: 03.07.2020).
  • 1st Lt. González, Antonio Ruiz, “Turkish troops collect and destroy weapons during annual harvest”, SFOR Informer, 15 August 2002, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/145/p08a/t02p08a.htm (Date of access: 05.07.2020).
  • Lt. Gouy, Anne-Claude, “Ghostburners, from collection to destruction”, SFOR Informer, 6 February 2003, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/157/p08a/t02p08a.htm (Date of access: 06.07.2020).
  • 1st. Lt. Çaylı, Göksel, “Bajram activities for the Turkish Battalion”, SFOR Informer, 6 March 2003, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/159/p14a/t02p14a.htm (Date of access: 10.07.2020).
  • Maj. Nikolla, Viktor, “SFOR’s soldiers beyond the borders”, SFOR Informer, 26 February 2003, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/articles/030326b/t030326b.htm (Date of access:12.07.2020).
  • 2nd Lt. Marín, Agustín López, “A dream comes true”, SFOR Informer, 31 March 2003, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/articles/030331a/t030331a.htm (Date of access: 16.07.2020).
  • 1st Lt. Çaylı, Göksel, “Turkish National Sovereignty Day and Children’s Festival”, SFOR Informer, 5 May 2003, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/articles/030505a/t030505a.htm (Dateof access: 18.07.2020).
  • 1st. Lt. Çaylı, Göksel, “Turks and ANZACS commemorate together”, SFOR Informer, 9 May 2003, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/articles/030509a/t030509a.htm (Date of access:19.07.2020).
  • 2nd Lt. Cüce, Özgür, “Joint patrol of Turkish and English troops”, SFOR Informer, 16 June 2003, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/articles/030616b/t030616b.htm (Date of access: 20.07.2020).
  • Hadziibrisevic, Nedima, “Turkish oldies teach US rookies”, SFOR Informer, 9 May 2003, https://www.nato.int/sfor/indexinf/articles/030509b/t030509b.htm (Date of access: 20.07.2020).
  • “History of the NATO-led Stabilisation Force (SFOR) in Bosnia and Herzegovina”, https://www.nato.int/sfor/docu/d981116a.htm, (Date of access: 20.08.2020).
  • C-) Books and Articles:Alp, İlker, “1990’larda Yugoslavya ve Bosna Hersek”, Trakya Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol. 1, No 1, 2001, pp. 1-50. Banac, Ivo, “Nationalism in Serbia”, Günay Göksu Özdoğan and Kemali Saybaşılı (eds.), Balkans: A Mirror of The New International Order, İstanbul, Eren Yayıncılık, 1995, pp. 133-152.
  • Bowman, Steven R., Bosnia Stabilization Force (SFOR) and U.S. Policy, CRS Report for Congress, 1 September 1998.
  • Caddick-Adams, Peter, “Civil affairs operations by IFOR and SFOR in Bosnia, 1995–97”, International Peacekeeping, Vol.5, No 3, 1998, pp. 142-154.
  • Carmichael, Cathie, A Concise History of Bosnia, UK, Cambridge University Press, 2015.
  • Carmichael, Cathie, Ethnic Cleansing in the Balkans: Nationalism and the Destruction of Tradition, London and New York, Routledge, 2002.
  • Cirafici, John L., “SFOR in Bosnia in 1997: A Watershed Year”, Parameters, Vol. 29, No 1, Spring 1999, pp. 80-91.
  • Demirtaş, Birgül, “Turkey and the Balkans: Overcoming Prejudices, Building Bridges and Constructing a Common Future”, Perceptions, Vol. XVIII, No 2, Summer 2013, pp. 163-184. Dobbins, James et al., Overcoming Obstacles to Peace: Local Factors in Nation-Building, Santa Monica, CA, RAND Corporation, 2013.
  • Ekinci, Didem, “The War in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Turkish Parliamentary Debates (1992-1995): A Constructivist Approach”, Uluslararası İlişkiler, Vol. 6, No 22, Summer 2009, pp.37-60.
  • Emgili, Fahriye, “Bosna-Hersek Trajedisinde (1992-1995) Türk Birliği”, Güney-Doğu Araştırmaları Dergisi, No 21, 2012, pp. 57-87.
  • Emiroğlu, Sema, “Türkiye, ‘Bosna’ya Asker’ Toplantısına Davet Edildi”, Milliyet, 17 March 1994, p. 20.
  • Friedman, Thomas L., “If Not Us, Them”, The New York Times, 24 November 1996, Section 4, p.15.
  • Hale, William, Turkish Foreign Policy since 1774, London and New York, Routledge, 2013.
  • http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-with-the-balkan-region.en.mfa (Date of access: 15.10.2020).
  • Kader Özlem, “Soğuk Savaş Sonrası Dönemde ABD’nin ve Türkiye’nin Balkanlar Politikalarının Bosna Hersek, Kosova ve Makedonya Krizleri Örneğinde İncelenmesi”, ”, Balkan Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, Vol. 1, No 1, 2012, pp. 23-40.
  • Kalaycı, İrfan, –Aytekin, Barış, “Türkiye-Balkan İlişkileri Üzerine (Geçmişten Geleceğe) Ekonomi-Politik Notlar”, Avrasya Etüdleri, C. 50, S. 2, ss. 21-48.
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There are 66 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Yasin Coşkun This is me 0000-0002-8151-7874

Publication Date July 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 59 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Coşkun, Y. (2021). TURKEY’S CONTRIBUTION TO PEACE AND STABILITY IN THE BALKANS: ASSESSING THE TURKISH MILITARY CONTINGENT IN BOSNIAHERZEGOVINA UNDER THE STABILIZATION FORCE (SFOR) MISSION (1996-2004). Avrasya Etüdleri, 59(1), 35-57.
AMA Coşkun Y. TURKEY’S CONTRIBUTION TO PEACE AND STABILITY IN THE BALKANS: ASSESSING THE TURKISH MILITARY CONTINGENT IN BOSNIAHERZEGOVINA UNDER THE STABILIZATION FORCE (SFOR) MISSION (1996-2004). Avrasya Etüdleri. July 2021;59(1):35-57.
Chicago Coşkun, Yasin. “TURKEY’S CONTRIBUTION TO PEACE AND STABILITY IN THE BALKANS: ASSESSING THE TURKISH MILITARY CONTINGENT IN BOSNIAHERZEGOVINA UNDER THE STABILIZATION FORCE (SFOR) MISSION (1996-2004)”. Avrasya Etüdleri 59, no. 1 (July 2021): 35-57.
EndNote Coşkun Y (July 1, 2021) TURKEY’S CONTRIBUTION TO PEACE AND STABILITY IN THE BALKANS: ASSESSING THE TURKISH MILITARY CONTINGENT IN BOSNIAHERZEGOVINA UNDER THE STABILIZATION FORCE (SFOR) MISSION (1996-2004). Avrasya Etüdleri 59 1 35–57.
IEEE Y. Coşkun, “TURKEY’S CONTRIBUTION TO PEACE AND STABILITY IN THE BALKANS: ASSESSING THE TURKISH MILITARY CONTINGENT IN BOSNIAHERZEGOVINA UNDER THE STABILIZATION FORCE (SFOR) MISSION (1996-2004)”, Avrasya Etüdleri, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 35–57, 2021.
ISNAD Coşkun, Yasin. “TURKEY’S CONTRIBUTION TO PEACE AND STABILITY IN THE BALKANS: ASSESSING THE TURKISH MILITARY CONTINGENT IN BOSNIAHERZEGOVINA UNDER THE STABILIZATION FORCE (SFOR) MISSION (1996-2004)”. Avrasya Etüdleri 59/1 (July 2021), 35-57.
JAMA Coşkun Y. TURKEY’S CONTRIBUTION TO PEACE AND STABILITY IN THE BALKANS: ASSESSING THE TURKISH MILITARY CONTINGENT IN BOSNIAHERZEGOVINA UNDER THE STABILIZATION FORCE (SFOR) MISSION (1996-2004). Avrasya Etüdleri. 2021;59:35–57.
MLA Coşkun, Yasin. “TURKEY’S CONTRIBUTION TO PEACE AND STABILITY IN THE BALKANS: ASSESSING THE TURKISH MILITARY CONTINGENT IN BOSNIAHERZEGOVINA UNDER THE STABILIZATION FORCE (SFOR) MISSION (1996-2004)”. Avrasya Etüdleri, vol. 59, no. 1, 2021, pp. 35-57.
Vancouver Coşkun Y. TURKEY’S CONTRIBUTION TO PEACE AND STABILITY IN THE BALKANS: ASSESSING THE TURKISH MILITARY CONTINGENT IN BOSNIAHERZEGOVINA UNDER THE STABILIZATION FORCE (SFOR) MISSION (1996-2004). Avrasya Etüdleri. 2021;59(1):35-57.