ÇİN’İN BALKAN POLİTİKASI: KUŞAK-YOL PROJESİ’NİN BÖLGEYE ETKİLERİ

Year 2023, Issue: 62, 35 - 65, 13.11.2023

Dilruba Kurut

Abstract

Çin’in artan gücü ve etkisi, başta küresel ekonomi olmak üzere, Asya güvenliğini, küresel yönetişimin yapısını ve dinamiklerini önemli ve kalıcı bir şekillerde yeniden düzenlemektedir. Bu süreçte,
Balkan bölgesine dair bir dış politika çerçevesi olmayan ve kayıtsız bir duruş sergileyen Çin’in özellikle Batı Balkan ülkeleri ile ikili ilişkilere önem verdiği ve bu ilişkileri stratejik öneme sahip sektörlere yaptığı yatırımlarla sürdürdüğü görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda, 17+1 girişimi, bölgesel olarak geniş bir işbirliği ağı oluşumuna katkı sağlarken, Kuşak-Yol Projesi, Çin’in dış ticaretine alternatif ve tamamlayıcı rotalar ağı sağlamaktadır. Kuşak-Yol Projesi kapsamındaki rotada Batı Balkan ülkelerinin stratejik bir role sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Bu makalede, bağımlılık teorisi ve modern dünya sistemleri teorisi perspektifinden, Çin’in özellikle son on yılda Balkanlar’da uyguladığı politikalar analiz edilerek, Çin’in bölgeye yaptığı ekonomik yatırımlar, uzun vadeli proje girişimleri ve kurumsal ilişki kurma çabaları ele alınmaktadır. Bu çabaların yanında bölge ülkelerinde faaliyet gösteren Konfüçyüs Enstitülerinin, siyasi kanalların ve medya organlarının önemli etkileri görülmektedir. Bu bilgiler ışığında, makalede öncelikle Çin’in Balkan bölgesindeki etki süreci incelenerek tarihsel bir bakış açısı sağlanmış, Kuşak-Yol Projesi’ne dair oluşturulan ekonomik, politik ve kültürel altyapının yarattığı karşılıklı bağımlılık değerlendirilmiştir. Bu incelemeler yapılırken ortaya koyulan hipotez tümden gelim yönteminden hareketle bölge ülkeleri bağlamında ele alınmaktadır.

Keywords

Çin, Balkanlar, Balkan Devletleri, Bağımlılık, Kuşak ve Yol Projesi

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