Theatre And Intermediality: The Curious Incident of The Dog in The Night-Time

Yıl 2023, , 548 - 575, 20.06.2023

Gamze Şentürk

https://doi.org/10.33692/avrasyad.1220913

Öz

Theatre, including various elements such as stage, setting, light, sound, actor, audience, director, and designer, is an intermedial art form with which media interact. This art, which has tried to present stories it wants to tell by using the possibilities of the era in which it developed since its first appearance, gradually incorporated the technologies developed with the discovery of electricity in the nineteenth century into its stage. With the new technologies, experimental and innovative productions that are extremely rich in audio-visual aspects have been created. The intermedial nature of theatre has been discussed since the late nineteenth century. These discussions, which include those who support the use of technology in theatre as well as those who do not, have intensified in the 2000s when modern technology began to change the aura of theatre. During this period, the interaction between theatre and technology has become a hot topic of discussion. Although there is no consensus on the subject, it is clear that modern technology has brought innovations to the stage language of theatre and appeals to new audience. This study, which aims to reveal how theatre has adapted itself to the age of technology today, examines the relationship between theatre and technology by both touching on the developments in Turkish and Western theatres comparatively and analysing the play The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time [Süper İyi Günler, 2003], which is presented to the audience on both British and Turkish stages.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Theatre, Technology, Intermediality, The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time

Tiyatro ve Ortamlararasılık/Medyalararasılık: Süper İyi Günler

Öz

Sahne, dekor, ışık, ses, oyuncu, seyirci, yönetmen ve tasarımcı gibi çeşitli unsurları bünyesinden toplayan tiyatro, çeşitli ortamların/medyaların etkileşime girdiği medyalararası bir sanattır. İlk ortaya çıktığından bugüne içinde geliştiği çağın olanaklarını kullanarak anlatmak istediği hikayesini seyircisine sunmaya çalışan bu, on dokuzuncu yüzyılda elektriğin bulunmasıyla birlikte geliştirilen teknolojileri aşamalı olarak sahnesine dahil etmiştir. Yeni teknolojik uygulamalarla işitsel-görsel açıdan son derece zengin, deneysel ve yenilikçi üretimlere imza atılmıştır. Tiyatronun medyalararasılığı ise on dokuzuncu yüzyılın sonlarından itibaren tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. Teknolojinin tiyatroda kullanımını destekleyenlerin yanı sıra desteklemeyenlerin de içinde bulunduğu bu tartışmalar, modern teknolojinin tiyatronun aurasını değiştirmeye başladığı 2000’li yıllarda daha şiddetlenmiştir. Bu dönemde tiyatro ve teknoloji etkileşimi sıcak bir tartışma konusu haline gelmiştir. Her ne kadar konuyla ilgili bir uzlaşı olmasa da modern teknolojinin tiyatronun sahne diline yenilikler kattığı ve bu sayede yeni bir kitleye hitap ettiği açıktır. Günümüzde tiyatronun teknoloji çağına nasıl ayak uydurduğunu açığa çıkarmayı amaçlayan bu çalışma hem İngiliz hem de Türk sahnelerinde seyirci karşısına çıkarılan Süper İyi Günler [The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time, 2003] oyunu üzerinden tiyatro-teknoloji ilişkisini irdelemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tiyatro, Teknoloji, Medyalararasılık, Süper İyi Günler

Kaynakça

• Adamek, Pauline. September 10, 2017. The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time” at the Ahmanson. https://www.artsbeatla.com/2017/08/curious-incident/ (Erişim Tarihi: 26.01.2023).
• Allfree, Claire. August 6, 2012. “The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time” review. London: Metro. Bennett, Susan. 1999. “Comment”. Theatre Journal 51.
• Bilgin, Mesrure Melis. Kış 2021. “Sahne ve Performansta Dijital Deneyimler”. Pandemi ve Dijitalleşen Tiyatro. TEB Oyun. 42.
• Billington, M. February 28, 2020. On the practice of theatre criticism. https://markludmon.com/2020/02/28/michael-billington-on-the-practice-of-theatre-criticism/ (Erişim Tarihi: 26.01.2023).
• Blake, Bill. 2014. Theatre & the Digital. London: The Palgrave Macmillan.
• Bolton, Jacqueline. 2016. The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time. London: Bloomsbury Methuen Drama.
• Brown, Georgina, 31 March 2013. “The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time” review. Mail on Sunday. Bunyan, Paul, Ruth Moore, eds. 2013. The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time by Simon Stephens. London: Bloomsbury Methuen. Candan, Ayşın. 2013. Öncü Tiyatro ve Dijital Çağda Gösterim. İstanbul: İBÜ Yayınları.
• Carlson, Marvin. 2013. Performans Sanatına Eleştirel Bir Bakış. Ankara: Dost Kitabevi Yayınları.
• Chapple, Freda, Chiel Kattenbelt. 1999. “Key Issues in Intermediality in Theatre and Performnace”. Intermediality in Theatre and Performance, Amsterdam & Atlanta: Rodopi: 11-27.
• Clapp, Susannah, August 5, 2012. “The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time” review. Observer.
• Dağtekin. Tufan. Şubat 9, 2014. “Yolcu Tiyatro Kapıların Dışında” Röportaj. Zaman Gazetesi Ahmet Balci, Nur Muhammed Tarhan. İstanbul.
• deLahunta. Scott. Jan., 2002. Virtual Reality and Performance. PAJ: A Journal of Performance and Art. Vol. 24, No. 1, Intelligent Stages: Digital Art and Performance, The MIT Press: 105-114.
• Delgado Maria M., Caridad Svich. 2002. Theatre in crisis?. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
• Dixon, Steve. 2007. Digital Performance: A History of New Media in Theater, Dance, Performance, Art, and Installation. Cambridge, Massachusetts & London: MIT Press.
• Dennis G. Jerz, Technology in American Drama 1920-1950 – Soul and Society in the Age of the Machine. Westport, USA, Greenwood Press.
• Dyens, Ollivier. October 12, 2001. Metal and Flesh: The Evolution of Man: Technology Takes Over (Leonardo Book Series). Çev. Evan J. Bibbee. MIT Press.
• Elliott, Marianne. telephone interview with Jacqueline Bolton, London, 19 August 2015. Esslin, Martin. 1987. The Field Of Drama. Methuen.
• Gardner, Lyn. 13 Mar 2013. “The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time” review. Guardian.
• Gardner, Elysa. October 5, 2014. “A boy’s life, fears transcended in 'Curious Incident”. USA Today https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/theater/2014/10/05/broadway-review-the-curious-incident-of-the-dog-in-the-nighttime/16637669/ (Erişim Tarihi: 26.01.2023).
• Genç, Hızır İlyas 15 Kasım 2017. Teknoloji tiyatro sahnelerini saniyede değiştiriyor”. Hobitat.
• Goodeve, Thyrza Nichols. 1997. Houdini's Premonition: Vaudeville and Virtuality. Leonardo, 30(5).
• Grotowski, Jerzy. 2002. Yoksul Tiyatroya Doğru. Çev. Hatice Yetişkin. İstanbul: Tavanarası Yayıncılık.
• Innes, Cristopher D. 1972. Erwin Piscator’s Political Theatre: The Development of Modern German Drama. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Jensen, Amy Petersen. 2007. Theatre in a Media Culture: Production, Performance and Perception Since 1970. North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc.
• Jerz, Dennis G. 2003. Technology in American Drama, 1920-1950 Soul and Society in the Age of the Machine. Greenwood Press.
• Kara, Mustafa. Nisan 26, 2020. “Ölüm ya da İyileşme: Tiyatronun COVID ve Dijitalleşme ile İmtihanı”. Journo https://journo.com.tr/tiyatro-dijital-covid (Erişim Tarihi: 26.01.2023).
• Kumar, C. M. Vinay. Winter December 2013. Art of Theatre on New Media Platform & Audience Viewing Experience, Global Media Journal-Indian Edition, University of Calcutta, 4(2).
• Lamont, Rosette C. 1985. “Murderous Enactments: The Media’s Presence in the Drama”. Modern Drama, 28(1): 148-161.
• Lunden, Jeff. October 7, 2014. The Unadaptable ‘Curious Incident’ Gets a Stage Adaptation. NPR, https://www.npr.org/2014/10/07/354139148/the-unadaptable-curious-incident-gets-a-stage-adaptation (Erişim Tarihi: 26.01.2023).
• Maxwell, Dominic. March 14, 2013. “The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time” review. The Times. McLuhan, Marshal. 1964. Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Nasi, Miray. Ocak 30, 2019. “Süper İyi Günler”. Şalom Gazetesi https://www.salom.com.tr/haber/109470/super-iyi-gunler (Erişim Tarihi: 26.01.2023).
• National Theatre Discover, 2 October 2012. “The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time: working on the spectrum”. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k2bV75ITXJw 〉.
• Nicholls, Liz. Sep 21, 2016. “A new Canadian Curious Incident opens the Citadel season”. Edmonton Journal https://edmontonjournal.com/entertainment/theatre/a-new-canadian-curious-incident-opens-the-citadel-season (Erişim Tarihi: 26.01.2023).
• Oliszewski, Alex Daniel Fine & Daniel Roth. 2018. Digital Media, Projection Design, and Technology for Theatre. New York: Routledge.
• Özbek, Mustafa. 2015. “Çağdaş Tiyatroda Dijital Gösterim ve Medya Teknolojisi – Intermediality”. Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
• Pavis, Patrice. 2003. “Afterword: Contemporary Dramatic Writings and the New Technologies”. Transglobal Readings: Crossing Theatrical Boundaries, Ed. Caridad Svich. (ss. 187-203), Manchester: Manchester UP. Rudd, Katy. July 24, 2015. interview with Jacqueline Bolton, London.
• Saban, Nedim. 2019. “Türkiye’nin İlk ve Tek Özel Eğitim Konulu E-Dergisi, Otizm Bana Bir Sanatçı Olarak Çok Şey Öğretti”. Söyleşi. https://www.oced.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/OCED-Nisan-Mayis-Haziran-2019-E-Dergi-2.pdf: (Erişim Tarihi: 26.01.2023).
• Saban, Nedim. 1.11.2020. e-mail görüşmesi. [e-mail].
• Shchelokova, Maria. 2016. Digital media in modern art (theater perfomances). Mastergradsoppgave i digital kommunikasjon og kultur, Avdeling for lærerutdanning og naturvitenskap, Høgskolen i Hedmark. Stephens Simon. 31. 10.2020. e-mail görüşmesi. [e-mail].
• Stephens, Simon. 2011. Plays: Three, London: Methuen.
• Stephens, Simon. 2014. “Theatre as an Intellectual Concertina: Simon Stephens in Conversation with Duska Radosavljevic”. Theatre and Adaptation, Return, Rewrite, Repeat. Ed. Margherita Laera. Bloomsbury.
• Stephens, Simon. 2012. “The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time, Methuen Modern Drama Guide, with commentary by Jacqueline Bolton”. London: Bloomsbury Methuen.
• Stephens, Simon. 24 July 2015. interview with Jacqueline Bolton, London.
• Sullivan, James. April 30, 2015, “The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time uses visual elements to immerse audiences in the world of a teenager with autism”. The Atlantic https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2015/04/curious-incident/391859/ (Erişim Tarihi: 26.01.2023).
• Şakar, Cüneyt, Kasım 7, 2019. Tohum Otizm Vakfı’yla “Süper İyi Günler”. Panorama, https://panoramagazetesi.com/tohum-otizm-vakfiyla-super-iyi-gunler/ (Erişim Tarihi: 26.01.2023). Şeyben, Burcu Yasemin. 2016. Tiyatro ve Multimedya. İstanbul: Habitus Kitap.
• Taner, Haldun, Metin And, Özdemir Nutku. 1996. Tiyatro Terimleri Sözlüğü. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi.
• Thompson, Laura. August 4, 2012. “The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time” review, Daily Telegraph. Toffler Alvin. 1981. Şok. Çev. Selami Sargut. İstanbul: Altın Kitaplar Yayınevi.
• Treadaway, Luke, telephone interview with Jacqueline Bolton, 14 July 2015.
• Ue, Tom. 2014. “Adapting The Curious ncident of the Dog in the Night-Time: A conversation with Simon Stephens” Interview. Journal of Adaptation in Film & Performance, 7(1): 113-120.
• Walker, Nicola. July 27, 2015. interview with Jacqueline Bolton, London. Willcox, Thomas. 2018. “A Wonderful Play with a Real Depth and Richness” review.https://www.officialtheatre.com/piccadilly-theatre/the-curious-incident-of-the-dog-in-the-nighttime/review-193/ (Erişim Tarihi: 26.01.2023).
• Winer, Linda. October 7, 2014. “The Curious Incident of the Dog in Night-Time” Review. Newsday, https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/theater/the-curious-incident-of-the-dog-in-night-time-review-1.9464207 (Erişim Tarihi: 26.01.2023).
• www.psykiatri-regionh.dk, Çocuklarda ve Ergenlerde ASPERGER SENDROMU hakkında bilgiler. (Erişim Tarihi: 26.01.2023).
• Zimmerman, Heather. Sep 9, 2022. “Staying 'Curious:' Los Altos Stage Company brings bestselling novel to stage”. Palo Alto Weekly https://mv-voice.com/news/2022/09/09/staying-curious-los-altos-stage-company-brings-bestselling-novel-to-stage (Erişim Tarihi: 26.01.2023).
• Zoglin, Richard. October 6, 2014. “Entertainment Broadway Mind Games: The Curious Incident of The Dog in the Night-Time”. Time. https://time.com/3475874/curious-incident-dog-night-time-theater-review/ (Erişim Tarihi: 26.01.2023).