Geçici Koruma Statüsü Altında Bulunan Suriyelilerde Psikolojik Dayanaklılık ile Sosyodemografik Değişkenler Arasındaki İlişki: Mardin Örneği

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 35, 1021 - 1035, 20.06.2023

Oktay Tatlıcıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.33692/avrasyad.1269424

Öz

Göç literatürü, savaş gibi nedenlerle göç etmek zorunda kalan insanların sıklıkla anksiyete ve depresyon gibi psikolojik ve sosyal sorunlar yaşadığını göstermektedir. Son dönemde göç çalışmalarında, zorunlu göçmenleri yalnızca sorunlu ya da patolojik bireyler olarak görmek yerine güçlü yönlerini vurgulamanın önemli olduğunu savunan ve yalnızca onların sorunlarına odaklanan yaklaşımlara karşı eleştiriler ortaya çıkmıştır. Dayanıklılık (resilience), mültecilerin hem psikolojik sağlığı hem de sosyo-kültürel uyumu açısından önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Ancak literatürde bu konuda zengin bir veritabanı olmadığı gözlemlenmektedir. Bu eleştirilere dayanarak mültecilerin psikolojik dayanıklılığını ekolojik yaklaşımla ele alan bu çalışmada, dayanıklılığın sosyal boyutuna odaklanan Resilience Research Centre (RRC-ARM) tarafından hazırlanan Yetişkin Dayanıklılık Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Türkiye'nin Mardin il sınırları içinde yaşayan 323 Suriyeli geçici koruma statüsü sahibi yetişkinlerle yüz yüze anket yapılmıştır. Görüşmeler sırasında bir tercüman da hazır bulunmuştur. Anket aracılığıyla katılımcıların sosyodemografik bilgileri ve dayanıklılık düzeyleri belirlenmiş ve bu değişkenler arasındaki ilişki t-testi ve ANOVA kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, eğitim düzeyi ve işsizlik durumunun dayanıklılık üzerinde önemli bir etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Potansiyel, acil ve gelecekteki sorunları aşmak için önemli bir kaynak olan dayanıklılığın meslek (iş) ve eğitim fırsatlarıyla ilişkilendirilebileceği değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Geçici koruma statüsü, Suriyeliler, Psikolojik dayanıklılık, Mülteci, Göç

The Relatıonship Between Psychological Resilıence and Sociodemographic Variables in Syrian Refugees Under Temporary Protection Status: The Case Of Mardin

Öz

The literature on migration suggests that people who are forced to migrate due to reasons such as war often experience psychological problems like anxiety and depression. Recently, criticism has emerged in migration studies against approaches that focus solely on the problems of forced migrants, arguing that it is important to emphasize their strengths rather than viewing them solely as problematic or pathological individuals. The concept of resilience, which is important for the psychological health and socio-cultural adaptation of refugees, needs to be studied further as the existing literature does not provide a rich database on the topic. Therefore, this study aims to examine the psychological resilience of refugees using an ecological approach that takes into account criticisms of previous research. For this study, the Adult Resilience Measure prepared by the Resilience Research Centre (RRC-ARM) is used to measure the social dimension of resilience. Face-to-face surveys were conducted with 323 adult Syrian temporary protection status holders living within the borders of Mardin province in Turkey, with the help of a translator. The survey aimed to determine the participants' sociodemographic information and levels of psychological resilience. T-tests and ANOVA were used to analyze the relationship between these variables. The study's findings reveal that education level and employment status significantly affect psychological resilience among Syrian refugees. It is suggested that resilience, an essential factor for overcoming potential, urgent, and future problems, is associated with employment and educational opportunities. Therefore, the results of this study provide important insights into the psychological resilience of refugees and the factors that influence it, which can be used to develop interventions aimed at improving their resilience and socio-cultural adaptation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Temporary protection status, Syrians, Psychologıcal resilience, Refugee, Migration

Kaynakça

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