The Effect of Moderate Exercise on Liver Function, Lipid Peroxidation and the Lipid Profile in Rats Fed a High-Fat or Standard Diet

Year 2023, , 26 - 33, 30.09.2023

Nizamettin Günbatar , Zübeyir Huyut , Gokhan Oto , Bahattin Bulduk , Suat Ekin

https://doi.org/10.53493/avrasyasbd.1224512

Abstract

It is a well-known fact that diet with excessive fat and obesity are the triggers and theculprits of many diseases. .It is known that exercise increases physical fitness, affects general health positively and plays an active role in preventing diseases. This study investigated the effect of moderate exercise on liver function, lipid peroxidation and the lipid profile in rats fed with a high fat or standard diet.Twenty-four Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups as control, exercise, high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD+exercise (n=6). After 8 weeks of study glucose, lipid profile, liver fonction tests, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities and the malondialdehyde (MDA)level were measured in both serum and liver.Glucose levels in the HFD+E group were lower than the control and exercise (p<0.05).The serum MDA level in the HFD+E was lower than in the HFD (p<0.05). AST and ALT activities and the MDA level in liver lysates were lower in the HFD+E than in the HFD (p<0.05). Also, serum LDH and GGT activities increased in the exercise compared with the control (p<0.05). These data showed that moderate exercise has a regulatory effect on lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and liver enzymes.

Keywords

Exercise, High Fat Diet, Lipid Profile, Lipid Peroxidation, Liver Function Tests

Project Number

2015 –VSYO-B256

References

• Ayca B, Sener A, Ramazanoglu N, Oba R. (2012). The effect of competition on gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatinineand protein levels of taekwondoplayers. Afri J Pharm Pharmacol, 6, 1462-1468.
• Armand R and Darvakh H. (2015). The Effect of 12 Weeks of Selected Aerobic Exercise on Liver Enzymes of Middle- Aged Women with Overweight and Diabetes Research. Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 10, 1-6.
• Bullo M,Garc P, Lorda IA, Megias I, and Salas-Salvado J.(2003). Systemic inflammation, adipose tissue tumor necrosis factor, and leptin expression,” Obesity Research, 11 (4), 525–531.
• DiNicolantonio JJ and O'Keefe JH. (2018). Effects of dietary fats on blood lipids: a review of direct comparison trials. Open Heart, 5:000871. https://doi.org/10.1136/ openhrt-2018-000871.
• Earnest CP, Artero EG, Sui X, Lee DC, Church TS, Blair SN. (2013). Maximal estimated cardio respiratory fitness, cardiometabolic risk factors, and metabolic syndrome in the aerobics center longitudinal study. Mayo ClinProc ,88 (3), 259–70.
• Elsayyad L, HatemAllam H, Alzahrani N, Gharib AF, Shami A, Khalifa OM, and Khadiga AI.(2020). Effect of Short- Term Aerobic Exercise on Lipid Profile. Annals of Clinical Medicine and Research. Biomedical Science Journal. Articleid, BSJ-20-051 1 Article 1001.
• Embay H,Elsayed E, and Fawzy M. (2016). Insulin Sensitivity and Plasma Glucose Response to Aerobic Exercise in Pregnant Women at Risk for GestationalDiabetes Mellitus Ethiop. J Health Sci, 26 (5), 409–414.
• Emdin M, Pompella A, Paolicchi A. (2005). Gamma-glutamyltransferase, athero sclerosis, and cardiovascular disease: triggering oxidative stres within the plaque. Circulation,112, 2078–2080.
• Esteghamti A, Abbasi M, Nakhgavani M, Yousefizadeh A, Basa A, Afshar H. (2006). Prevalance of diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors in an Iranian population with acute coronary syndrome. CardiovascDiabetol, 5, 15.doi: 10.1186/1475-2840-5-15.
• Friedman LS, (2015). Approach to the patient with abnormal liver biochemical and function tests. In: Post TW, editor. UpToDate; Waltham, MA: [Accessed on February27.
• Gombacci A,Tamaro G, Simeone R, Crocetti G, Stupar G. (2002). Valutazi one della cinetica degli enzimi muscolari nel corso diuna ultra maratona. Sports Card Vol III;1.
• Günbatar N, and Bayıroğlu F (2015). The Effect of a Highly Saturated Fat Diet and Intermittent Fasting Diet on Experimental Colon Cancer Development and Some Serum Inflammation Markers in Rats, 1 Adiponectin and Lipid MetabolismVolume: 26 Issue: 3, 123 - 127, 123 – 127.
• Iscoe KE and Riddell MC. (2011). Continuous moderate-intensity exercise with or with out intermitten thigh-intensity work: Effects on acute and late glycaemia in athletes with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabet. Med,28, 824–832. doi: 10.1111/ j.1464-5491.2011.03274.
• Johnson BD, Padilla J, Wallace JP.(2012). The exercise dose affects oxidative stres and brachial artery now mediated dilation in trained men. Eur J Appl Physiol, 1123-42.
• Kartinah NT, Sianipar IR, Nafi'ah, and Rabia .(2018). The Effects of Exercise Regimens on Irisin Levels in Obese Rats Model: Comparing High-IntensityIntermittentwithContinu ousModerate-Intensity Training. Biomed Res Int. 2018 Dec 27;2018:4708287. doi: 10.1155/2018/4708287. E Collection 2018.
• Kazeminasab F, Marandi M, Ghaedi K, Esfarjani F, Moshtaghian J.(2013). Endurance training enhances LXR-α gene expression in Wistar male rats. Eur J Appl Physiol, 113 (9), 2285–90.
• Khoschsorur GA,Winklhofer-Roob BM, RablHAuer TH.(2000). Evaluation of a Sensitive HPLC Method for the Determination of Malondialdehyde and Application of the Method to Different Biological Materials. Chromatographia, 52, 181-184.
• Koubaa-Ghorbel F,Chaâbane M, Turki M, Makni-Ayadi F, ElFeki A, (2020). The protective effects of Salvia officinalis essential oil compared to simvastat in against hyper lipidemia, liver, and kidney injuries in mice submitted to a high-fat diet. Journal of Food Biochemistry https://doi. org/10.1111/jfbc.13160Citations: 3.
• Leibowitz A,Klin Y, Gruenbaum BF, Gruenbaum SE,Kuts R, Dubilet M, Ohayon S, Boyko M, Sheiner E, Shapira Y.(2012). Effects of strong physical exercise on blood glutamate and its metabolite 2-ketoglutarate levels in healthy volunteers. Acta Neurobiol Exp, 72, 385–396.
• Lima AHRA, Correia M.A, SoaresAHG, Farah BQ, Forjaz CLM, Silva AS, Brasileiro-Santos MS, Santos AC, Ritti-Dias RM.(2018). Acute effects of walking and combined exercise on oxidative stres and vascular function in peripheral artery disease: Clin Physiol Funct Imaging38, 69–75.
• Marzatico F,Pansarasa O, Bertorelli L, Somenzini L, Delia VG.(1997). Blood free radical antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxides following long-distance and lactacidemic performances in highly trained aerobic and sprint athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 37, 235-239.
• Reichel T, Boßlau TK, Palmowski J, Eder K, Ringseis R, Mooren FC, Walscheid R, Bothur E, Samel S, Frech T, Philippe M and Krüger K.(2020). Reliability and suitability of physiological exercise response and recovery markers. Sci Rep. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-69280-9.
• Rico H,Gervas J, Hernandez, ER, Seco C, Villa LF, Revilla M.(1999). Effect of alprazolam supplementation on vertebral and femoral bone mass in rats on strenuos treadmill training exercise. Calcif Tissue Int65 (2), 139-42.
• Sadowska-Krępa E, Kłapcińska B, Nowara A, Jagsz S, Szołtysek-Bołdys I., Chalimoniuk M, Langfort j, and Stanisław J, Chrapusta SJ. (2020). High-dose testosterone supplementation disturbs liver pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance and function in adolescent male Wistar rats undergoing moderate-intensity endurance training.Peer J. 8: e10228. Published online doi: 10.7717/peerj.10228.
• Shanb AA, Ezzat H, Laila A, Rashid and Mohamoud AA.(2009). Walking Exercises Modulate Liver Enzymes in Fatty Liver Patients Bull. Fac. Ph. Th. CairoUniv., 14, 1.
• Shavandi N, Samiei A, Afshar R, Saremi A, and Sheikhhoseini R.(2012). TheEffect of Exercise on Urinary Gamma- Glutamyltransferaseand Protein Levels in Elite Female Karate Athletes Asian. J Sports Med. 3 (1), 41–46.
• Srinivasan SR, Frontini MG, Xu J, Berenson GS. (2006). Utility of childhood non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in predicting adultdys lipidemia and other cardiovascular risks: The Bogalusa Heart Study. Paediatrics; 118,1,201- 6.
• Stampfer M, Hu B, Manson JE, Rimm EB, and Willett WC.(2000). Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Women through Diet and Lifestyle. New England Journal of Medicine; 343(1):16-22.
• Türkan F, Huyut Z, Taslimi, Gülçin İ.(2018a). The effects of some antibiotics from cephalospor in groups on the acetylcholinesterase and but yrylcholinesterase enzymes activities in different tissues of rats. Journal Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, https://doi.org/10.1080/13813 455.2018.1427766.
• Türkan F,Huyut.,Taslimi P, Gülçin İ.(2018b). The in vivo effects of cefazolin, cefuroxime, and cefoperazon on the carbonicanhydrase in different rat tissues. J Biochem Mol Toxicol, 32 (3), e22041. Weintraub MS, Zechner R., Brown A, Eisenberg S, Breslow JL.(1988). Dietary polyunsaturated fats of the W-6 and W-3 series reduce post prandial lipoprotein levels. Chronic and acute effects of fat saturation on post prandial lipoprotein metabolism. J Clin Invest,82 (6), 1884–93.
• Witayavanitkul N, Werawatganon D, Chayanupatkul M, Klaikeaw N, Sanguanrungsirikul S, and Siriviriyakul P.(2020). Genistein and exercise modulated lipid peroxidation and improved steatohepatitis in ovariectomized rats.BMC Complement Med Ther. 20: 162 Published online 2020 Jun 1. doi: 10.1186/s12906-020-02962-z.