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COVID-19 Enfeksiyonuna Genel Bir Bakış

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: COVID-19, 156 - 160, 13.07.2020

Abstract

İnsan ve hayvan patojeni olan koranavirüs tek sarmallı zarflı bir RNA virüsüdür. Çinin Hubei Eyaleti Wuhan kentinde başlayan koronavirüs salgını, bugün bir pandemi haline gelmiştir. Toplam vaka sayısı tüm dünyada 12 milyonu geçmiş ve ülkemizde ise 210 bin rakamına ulaşmıştır. Bu vakaların büyük çoğunluğu Amerika, Brezilya ve Hindistanda görülmektedir. Özellikle Amerika Birleşik Devletleri şu anda salgının merkez üssü haline gelmiştir. Covid-19’dan ölenlerin sayısı tüm dünyada 540 bin civarındadır ve ülkemizde bugüne kadar 5260 kişi hayatını kaybetmiştir. Dünyada farklı tedavi modelleri uygulanırken, ülkemizde Sağlık bakanlığının bilim kurulunun tavsiyeleri ile tedavi şemaları belirlenmiş ve uygulanmaktadır. Koronavirüs enfeksiyonunda viral saçılım semptomların başlamasından 1-2 gün önce başlamakta ve semptomların ortaya çıkış döneminde viral yük boğaz sürüntülerinde doruğa çıkmaktadır. Sosyal mesafe kurallarına uyulması, el hijyenine dikkat edilmesi yine hastalığın yayılmasını engellemek için önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Özellikle maske kullanımı hastalığın bulaş oranını ciddi anlamda düşürmektedir. Salgının ilk başladığı günden günümüze kadar tedavi şemalarında değişiklikler olsa da salgınla mücadelede önemli yol kat edilmiş, mortalite oranlarında ve yoğun bakım yatış sürelerinde ciddi azalmalar sağlanmıştır.

References

  • Ai T, Yang Z, Hou H, et al. Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases. Radiology 2020; :200642.
  • Bajema KL, Oster AM, McGovern OL, et al. Persons Evaluated for 2019 Novel Coronavirus - United States, January 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69:166.
  • Bao C, Liu X, Zhang H, et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) CT Findings: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Am Coll Radiol 2020; 17:701.
  • Bryant JE, Azman AS, Ferrari MJ, et al. Serology for SARSCoV-2: Apprehensions, opportunities,. Sci Immunol 2020.
  • CDC COVID-19 Response Team. Preliminary Estimates of the Prevalence of Selected Underlying Health Conditions Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 - United States, February 12-March 28, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69:382.
  • Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok KH, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet 2020; 395:514.
  • Cummings MJ, Baldwin MR, Abrams D, et al. Epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of critically ill adults with COVID-19 in New York City: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 2020; 395:1763.
  • Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med 2020; 382:1708.
  • Goyal P, Choi JJ, Pinheiro LC, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Covid-19 in New York City. N Engl J Med 2020.
  • Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020; 395:497.
  • Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, et al. Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia. N Engl J Med 2020; 382:1199.
  • Lighter J, Phillips M, Hochman S, et al. Obesity in patients younger than 60 years is a risk factor for Covid-19 hospital admission. Clin Infect Dis 2020.
  • Liang W, Guan W, Chen R, et al. Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China. Lancet Oncol 2020; 21:335.
  • Myers LC, Parodi SM, Escobar GJ, Liu VX. Characteristics of Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19 in an Integrated Health Care System in California. JAMA 2020.
  • Onder G, Rezza G, Brusaferro S. Case-Fatality Rate and Characteristics of Patients Dying in Relation to COVID-19 in Italy. JAMA 2020.
  • Petrilli CM, Jones SA, Yang J, et al. Factors associated with hospital admission and critical illness among 5279 people with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York City: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2020; 369:m1966.
  • Richardson S, Hirsch JS, Narasimhan M, et al. Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area. JAMA 2020.
  • Shi S, Qin M, Shen B, et al. Association of Cardiac Injury With Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Cardiol 2020.
  • TC Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu) Ağır Pnömoni, Ards, Sepsis ve Septik Şok Yönetimi Bilimsel Danışma Kurulu Çalışma Rehberi, 01 Haziran 2020 https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/ tr/covid-19-rehberi.html.
  • T.C Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü Bilimsel Kurul COVID-19 Çalışma Rehberi, 01 Haziran 2019. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel CoronavirusInfected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 2020.
  • World Health Organization. Director-General’s remarks at the media briefing on 2019-nCoV on 11 February 2020. https:// www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-generals-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-2019-ncov-on-11- february-2020 (Accessed on February 12, 2020).
  • Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA 2020.
  • Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, et al. Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med 2020.
  • Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med 2020; 8:475. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2020; 395:1054.

An Overview of COVID-19 Infection

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: COVID-19, 156 - 160, 13.07.2020

Abstract

The coronavirus outbreak, which is the single-stranded envelope Rna virus with human and animal pathogen that started in Wuhan, China’s Hubei Province, stands before us as a pandemic today. The total number of patients has exceeded 8 million in the world and 180 thousand has been reached in our country. While the number of deaths from COVID-19 has been 438 thousand all over the world, 4842 people have died in our country so far. While applying different treatment modalities in the world, treatment schemes have been determined with the recommendations of the ministry of health science committee in our country. Viral spreading starts 1-2 days before the onset of symptoms. The viral load rises in the throat swabs during the emergence of symptoms. Social rules and isolation also play a substantial role in preventing the transmission of the condition. In particular, the use of masks significantly reduces the transmission rate of the disease. Although there have been changes in the treatment schemes since the outbreak started, important progress has been made in fighting the epidemic, and serious reductions in mortality rates and intensive care hospitalization times have been achieved.

References

  • Ai T, Yang Z, Hou H, et al. Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases. Radiology 2020; :200642.
  • Bajema KL, Oster AM, McGovern OL, et al. Persons Evaluated for 2019 Novel Coronavirus - United States, January 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69:166.
  • Bao C, Liu X, Zhang H, et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) CT Findings: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Am Coll Radiol 2020; 17:701.
  • Bryant JE, Azman AS, Ferrari MJ, et al. Serology for SARSCoV-2: Apprehensions, opportunities,. Sci Immunol 2020.
  • CDC COVID-19 Response Team. Preliminary Estimates of the Prevalence of Selected Underlying Health Conditions Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 - United States, February 12-March 28, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020; 69:382.
  • Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok KH, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet 2020; 395:514.
  • Cummings MJ, Baldwin MR, Abrams D, et al. Epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of critically ill adults with COVID-19 in New York City: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 2020; 395:1763.
  • Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med 2020; 382:1708.
  • Goyal P, Choi JJ, Pinheiro LC, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Covid-19 in New York City. N Engl J Med 2020.
  • Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020; 395:497.
  • Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, et al. Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia. N Engl J Med 2020; 382:1199.
  • Lighter J, Phillips M, Hochman S, et al. Obesity in patients younger than 60 years is a risk factor for Covid-19 hospital admission. Clin Infect Dis 2020.
  • Liang W, Guan W, Chen R, et al. Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China. Lancet Oncol 2020; 21:335.
  • Myers LC, Parodi SM, Escobar GJ, Liu VX. Characteristics of Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19 in an Integrated Health Care System in California. JAMA 2020.
  • Onder G, Rezza G, Brusaferro S. Case-Fatality Rate and Characteristics of Patients Dying in Relation to COVID-19 in Italy. JAMA 2020.
  • Petrilli CM, Jones SA, Yang J, et al. Factors associated with hospital admission and critical illness among 5279 people with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York City: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2020; 369:m1966.
  • Richardson S, Hirsch JS, Narasimhan M, et al. Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area. JAMA 2020.
  • Shi S, Qin M, Shen B, et al. Association of Cardiac Injury With Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Cardiol 2020.
  • TC Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu) Ağır Pnömoni, Ards, Sepsis ve Septik Şok Yönetimi Bilimsel Danışma Kurulu Çalışma Rehberi, 01 Haziran 2020 https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/ tr/covid-19-rehberi.html.
  • T.C Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü Bilimsel Kurul COVID-19 Çalışma Rehberi, 01 Haziran 2019. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel CoronavirusInfected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 2020.
  • World Health Organization. Director-General’s remarks at the media briefing on 2019-nCoV on 11 February 2020. https:// www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-generals-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-2019-ncov-on-11- february-2020 (Accessed on February 12, 2020).
  • Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA 2020.
  • Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, et al. Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med 2020.
  • Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med 2020; 8:475. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2020; 395:1054.
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Abdurrahman Yılmaz 0000-0001-8024-8951

Publication Date July 13, 2020
Submission Date June 18, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 3 Issue: COVID-19

Cite

APA Yılmaz, A. (2020). COVID-19 Enfeksiyonuna Genel Bir Bakış. Avrasya Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(COVID-19), 156-160.
AMA Yılmaz A. COVID-19 Enfeksiyonuna Genel Bir Bakış. EurasianJHS. July 2020;3(COVID-19):156-160.
Chicago Yılmaz, Abdurrahman. “COVID-19 Enfeksiyonuna Genel Bir Bakış”. Avrasya Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 3, no. COVID-19 (July 2020): 156-60.
EndNote Yılmaz A (July 1, 2020) COVID-19 Enfeksiyonuna Genel Bir Bakış. Avrasya Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 3 COVID-19 156–160.
IEEE A. Yılmaz, “COVID-19 Enfeksiyonuna Genel Bir Bakış”, EurasianJHS, vol. 3, no. COVID-19, pp. 156–160, 2020.
ISNAD Yılmaz, Abdurrahman. “COVID-19 Enfeksiyonuna Genel Bir Bakış”. Avrasya Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 3/COVID-19 (July 2020), 156-160.
JAMA Yılmaz A. COVID-19 Enfeksiyonuna Genel Bir Bakış. EurasianJHS. 2020;3:156–160.
MLA Yılmaz, Abdurrahman. “COVID-19 Enfeksiyonuna Genel Bir Bakış”. Avrasya Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 3, no. COVID-19, 2020, pp. 156-60.
Vancouver Yılmaz A. COVID-19 Enfeksiyonuna Genel Bir Bakış. EurasianJHS. 2020;3(COVID-19):156-60.