Maternal Obezite ve Mikrobiyota

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 43 - 51, 30.05.2023

Berna Betül Cihan Tuğba Küçükkasap Cömert

https://doi.org/10.53493/avrasyasbd.1087912

Abstract

Obezite, dünya genelinde “salgın” statüsüne ulaşan önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu haline gelmektedir. Gebelerde oluşan obezite durumu ise preeklampsi ve gestasyonel diyabet riski ile ilişkilendirilmekte ve yetişkin yaşamda insüline bağımlı olmayan diyabet ve metabolik sendrom riskini artırdığına dikkat çekilmektedir. Bağırsak mikrobiyomu, bireyin metabolizmasının ve genel sağlığının kritik bir bileşenidir. Maternal obezite ve gebelik sürecinde de vücut ağırlığı artışı, gebelik ve laktasyon döneminde bağırsak ve anne sütü mikrobiyota kompozisyonunu, çeşitliliğini etkilemektedir. Perinatal dönemde, gebelik ilerledikçe inflamatuar ve bağışıklık değişiklikleri ile annenin bağırsak fonksiyonu ve bakteri kompozisyonunu değişmektedir. Obez gebeliklerde intestinal disbiyozis geliştiği bildirilmiştir. Gelişen intestinal disbiyozisin kolonositler için enerji kaynağı olan kısa zincirli yağ asidi üretimini etkileyerek, anne karnındaki bebeğin gelişimini olumsuz yönde etkileyebilecek metabolik değişimlere neden olduğu gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca bu tür mikrobiyal değişiklikler, bebek mikrobiyal kolonizasyonunu ve bağışıklık sistemi olgunlaşmasını da etkileyerek doğum ve emzirme sırasında bebeklere aktarılabilmektedir. Perinatal ve erken postnatal dönemde probiyotik destekleri anne ve bebek intestinal mikrobiyota kompozisyonunun düzenlenmesi için önerilebilmektedir.

Keywords

Maternal Obezite, Mikrobiyota, Probiyotik, Gebelik, Diyet Yağ

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