The Effect of the Fear of COVID-19 on Treatment Adherence and Health-Seeking Behavior in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 163 - 176, 27.09.2024

Yasemin Çayir , Meral Gün

https://doi.org/10.53493/avrasyasbd.1363818

Abstract

Objective: This descriptive and cross-sectional study aimed to determine the impact of COVID-19 induced fear on the treatment adherence and health-seeking behavior of individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: The sample for this research consisted of 150 type 2 diabetes patients who attended the Mersin City Training and Research Hospital endocrinology outpatient clinics for treatment and follow-up. Data collection involved the use of a Personal Information Form, the COVID-19 Fear Scale, the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patient Treatment Adherence Scale, and the Health-Seeking Behavior Scale. Data was analyzed using Student’s t-test, One Way ANOVA and Multiple Linear Regression analysis.
Findings: Among the individuals participating in the study, it was determined that while 54.7% were female, 48.7% had an HbA1c level of 8.1 and above, 64% used insulin, 80.7% developed complications related to diabetes and the average age of the participants were 62.9±11.9. Furthermore, the majority were not diagnosed with COVID-19, and they did not require hospitalization due to COVID-19. The adherence to diabetes treatment among the patients was found to be moderate, with the lowest adherence was observed in terms of lifestyle changes and the highest adherence was observed in terms of the emotional and behavioral adherence dimensions. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the fear of COVID-19 did not affect diabetes treatment adherence levels of the patients (p>0.05). It was found that only those patients who were using insulin and those who were not adhering to medical nutritional treatment had lower adherence to diabetes treatment (p<0.05). As the level of education and the level of COVID-19 induced fear increased, the score for health-seeking behavior increased as well. Conversely, as age increased, the average score for health-seeking behavior decreased (p<0.05).
Conclusion: This study found that the fear of COVID-19 did not affect adherence levels to diabetes treatment but the fear of the disease did affect health-seeking behavior. An increase of 1 point in the COVID-19 Fear Scale resulted in a 1.23-fold increase in the overall score of the Health-Seeking Behavior Scale.

Keywords

Diabetes, Fear of COVID-19, Treatment Adherence, Health-Seeking Behavior

Project Number

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Tip 2 diyabeti olan bireylerdeki COVID-19 korkusunun tedaviye uyum ve sağlık arayışı davranışına etkisi

Abstract

Amaç: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte olan bu çalışma tip 2 diyabetli bireylerin COVID-19 korkusunun tedaviye uyum ve sağlık arama davranışına etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı.
Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini Mersin Şehir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi endokrin polikliniklerine tedavi ve izlem için başvuran 150 tip 2 diyabet hastası oluşturdu. Verilerin toplanmasında; Kişisel Bilgi Formu, COVID-19 Korkusu Ölçeği, Tip 2 Diyabetes Mellitus Tedavisine Hasta Uyum Ölçeği ve Sağlık Arama Davranışı Ölçeği kullanıldı. Veriler, Student’s t test istatistiği, One Way ANOVA ve Çoklu Lineer Regresyon analizi ile değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan bireylerin %54,7’sinin kadın, %48,7’sinin HbA1c düzeyinin 8.1 ve üzerinde, %64’ünün insülin kullandığı, %80,7’sinde diyabete bağlı komplikasyonların geliştiği ve yaş ortalamasının 62,9±11,9 olduğu belirlendi. Ayrıca çoğunun COVID-19 tanısı almadığı ve COVID-19 nedeniyle hastanede yatmadığı saptandı. Araştırmaya katılan hastaların diyabet tedavisine uyumlarının orta düzeyde olduğu, yaşam tarzı değişikliğine uyumun en düşük, uyuma uygun duygu ve davranışlar boyutuna uyumun ise en yüksek olduğu bulundu. Yapılan çoklu regresyon analizinde COVID-19 korkusunun diyabet tedavisine uyumu etkilemediği (p>0,05), sadece insülin kullananların ve tıbbi beslenme tedavisine uymayanların diyabet tedavisine uyumlarının daha düşük olduğu saptandı (p<0.05). Yine eğitim düzeyi ve COVID-19 korku düzeyi arttıkça sağlık arama davranışı puanının arttığı, yaş arttıkça ise sağlık arama davranışı puan ortalamasının düştüğü saptandı (p<0.05).
Sonuç: Bu araştırmada COVID-19 korkusunun; diyabet tedavisine uyumu etkilemediği ancak sağlık arama davranışına etkisinin olduğu, COVID-19 Korku Ölçeği puanındaki 1 puanlık artışın Sağlık Arama Davranışı Ölçeği toplam puanında 1,23 kat artış sağladığı bulundu.

Keywords

Diyabet, COVID-19 korkusu, Tedaviye uyum, Sağlık arama davranışı

Ethical Statement

Etik Kurul Onay Beyanı: Araştırmaya başlamadan önce araştırmada kullanılan ölçekler için kullanım izni, Toros Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği Kurul’undan (25.03.2022 Karar sıra sayısı:52), Mersin Şehir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Etik Kurulu’ndan (30.05.2022 Karar no:2022-05-05), Mersin İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü’nden (23.06.2022 Karar no:39) ve T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Bilimsel Araştırma Platformu’ndan gerekli izinler (2022-03-06T21_32_51) alındı. Ayrıca araştırmaya katılan hastalara araştırmanın amacı ve yöntemi ayrıntılı bir şekilde açıklandıktan sonra sözlü ve yazılı (bilgilendirilmiş onam formu) onam alındı. Araştırma Helsinki Bildirgesi kuralları çerçevesinde gerçekleştirildi.

Supporting Institution

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Project Number

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