Solo Show Annelik

Abstract

Aile denildiğinde iki ebeveyn ve çocuklardan oluşan kurum akla gelse de tek ebeveynli ailelerin sayısındaki artış dikkat çekmektedir. Ülkemizde tek ebeveynli aile oranlarına bakıldığında anne ve çocuk/çocuklardan oluşan ailelerin oranı yıllar içerisinde artış göstermiştir. Evlenme oranlarının azalması, boşanmaların artması gibi toplumsal değişimler göz önüne alındığında bu oranların artabileceği düşünülmektedir. Tek ebeveyn olmanın kadın sağlığını etkilediği düşünülmektedir. Planlanan bu derleme ile yalnız anneliğin kadın sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Derleme niteliğinde planlanan çalışma için “aile”, “tek ebeveynli aile”, “annelik”, “ebe”, “bakım” ve bağlantılı kelimeler elektronik veri tabanlarında (PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Cochrane ve Mendeley) taranmıştır. Bekar anneler, evli annelere göre hem fiziksel hem de ruhsal rahatsızlıklar yönünden daha fazla risk altındadır. Yalnız annelerin yaşadıkları zorlukların sebebinin sadece tek ebeveyn olmaları değil, tek ebeveynlik sonucu kaybettikleri toplumsal ve ekonomik kayıplar olduğu görülmektedir. Damgalamanın yalnız annelerin sağlık bakımı alma durumunu ve ebeveynlik tutumlarını etkilediği gösterilmiştir. Sonuç olarak yalnız annelik kadın sağlığı üzerinde etkilidir. Yalnız annelerin en çok sağlık personellerine güvendiği gösterilmiştir. Kadın sağlığı hizmetlerinde aktif görev alan ebelerin yalnız annelerin ihtiyaçlarına yönelik bakım ve eğitim sunmaları yalnız annelerin ve çocuklarının sağlığı için önem arz etmektedir.

Keywords

• Aile
• annelik
• bakım
• ebe
• tek ebeveynli aile
• yalnız annelik

Solo Show Motherhood

Abstract

While the term "family" often conjures up images of two parents and their children, the rise in single-parent families is striking. In Turkey, the proportion of single-parent families consisting of a mother and child(ren) has increased over the years. Given social changes such as decreasing marriage rates and increasing divorce rates, it is anticipated that these rates may increase. Being a single parent is believed to impact women's health. This planned review aims to examine the effects of single motherhood on women's health. For this review, electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Mendeley) were searched for "family," "single-parent family," "motherhood," "midwife," "care," and related terms. Single mothers are at greater risk of both physical and mental illnesses than married mothers. The difficulties experienced by single mothers appear to stem not only from being a single parent but also from the social and economic losses they experience as a result of single parenthood. Stigma has been shown to influence single mothers' access to healthcare and their parenting attitudes. Consequently, single motherhood has an impact on women's health. It has been shown that lone mothers have the highest level of trust in healthcare professionals. Midwives actively involved in women's health services provide care and education tailored to the needs of lone mothers, which is crucial for the health of lone mothers and their children.

Keywords

• Care
• family
• midwife
• motherhood
• single motherhood
• single-parent family

References

1. Aile ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Genel Müdürlüğü, A. (2011). Tek Ebeveynli Aileler Araştırması. Makromedya.
2. Astone, N. M., & McLanahan, S. S. (1991). Family structure, parental practices and high school completion. American Sociological Review, 56(3), 309-320. https://doi.org/10.2307/2096106
3. Aydın, S. K. (2019). Kadınlar için tek (yalnız) ebeveynlik ve zorlukları. Atatürk Üniversitesi Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 23-34.
4. Bock, J. D. (2000). Doing the right thing? Single mothers by choice and the struggle for legitimacy. Gender & Society, 14(1), 62-86. https://www.jstor.org/stable/190422
5. Boylu, A. A., & Öztop, H. (2013). Tek ebeveynli aileler: Sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri. Sosyoekonomi, 19(19), 207-220.
6. Boztilki, M. (2022). Tek ebeveynli ailelerde sosyal sermaye gelişimi ve güvenin önemi: Yalnız anneler odaklı bir çalışma. JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy, 7(2), 248-262.
7. Brandwein, R. A., Brown, C. A., & Fox, E. M. (1974). Women and children last: The social situation of divorced mothers and their families. Journal of Marriage and Family, 36(3), 498-514. https://doi.org/10.2307/350721
8. Cutas, D., & Chan, S. (Eds.). (2012). Families–beyond the nuclear ideal. Bloomsbury Academic.

9. Çoşan, B. (2018). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de sosyo-ekonomik bir problem olarak tek ebeveynli aile olgusunun çok boyutlu değerlendirilmesi. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 18(41), 259-294. https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.453720
10. Duncan, G. J., & Hoffman, S. D. (1985). A reconsideration of the economic consequences of marital dissolution. Demography, 22(4), 485-497.
11. Emery, R. E. (1999). Marriage, divorce, and children′ s adjustment. Sage Publications.
12. Erden-İmamoğlu, S. (2013). Gender role and social identifications: The two major factors to shape Turkish women. Education, 134(1), 82-93.
13. Feyzioğlu, S., & Kuşçuoğlu, C. (2011). Tek ebeveynli aileler. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 26(26), 97-110.
14. Funderskov, K. F., Nielsen, M. K., Danbjørg, D. B., Rothmann, M. J., & Werner, A. (2024). Preparing solo mothers for childbirth and parenthood–The importance of being with like-minded women. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, 40, 100968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2024.100968
15. Ghadimi Azad, R., Emami Sigaroudi, A., Bostani Khalesi, Z., & Kazemnezhad Leiili, E. (2021). Relationship between social exclusion and post-divorce adjustment in Iranian women. Health Education and Health Promotion, 9(1), 73-78.
16. Graham, S. (2012). Choosing single motherhood? Single women negotiating the nuclear family ideal. In D. Cutas & S. Chan (Eds.), Families-beyond the nuclear ideal (pp. 97–107). Bloomsbury Academic.
17. Güngör, A. (2023). Tek ebeveynli aileler: Sosyal psikolojik bir değerlendirme. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 23(58), 129-155. https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.1154433
18. Hertz, R. (2006). Single by chance, mothers by choice: How women are choosing parenthood without marriage and creating the new American family. Oxford University Press. Jacobsen, K. S., & Dahl, B. (2017). More than just a child–solo mothers’ maternity care experiences. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, 12, 58-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2017.03.001
19. Jacobsen, K. S., Vik, E. S., & Dahl, B. (2020). Solo mothers after assisted conception and their experiences with postnatal care. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 13, 53-61. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S229807
20. Jadva, V., Badger, S., Morrissette, M., & Golombok, S. (2009). ‘Mom by choice, single by life's circumstance…’Findings from a large scale survey of the experiences of single mothers by choice. Human Fertility, 12(4), 175-184. https://doi.org/10.3109/14647270903373867
21. Kandiyoti, D. (1988). Bargaining with patriarchy. Gender & Society, 2(3), 274-290. https://www.jstor.org/stable/190357
22. Kavas, S., & Gündüz-Hoşgör, A. (2013). The parenting practice of single mothers in Turkey: Challenges and strategies. In Women's Studies International Forum, 40, 56-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2013.05.004
23. Konge Nielsen, M., Funderskov, K. F., Danbjørg, D. B., Juel Rothmann, M., & Werner, A. (2023). The creation of a solo-mother family–a qualitative study. Human fertility, 26(2), 373-384. https://doi.org/10.1080/14647273.2023.2199942
24. Leap, N. (2009). Woman-centred or women-centred care: Does it matter? British journal of Midwifery, 17(1), 12-16. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2009.17.1.37646
25. Lee, V. E., Burkam, D. T., Zimiles, H., & Ladewski, B. (1994). Family structure and its effect on behavioral and emotional problems in young adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 4(3), 405-437. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327795jra0403_4
26. Lerner, R. M., Lerner, J. V., Bowers, E.P, & Geldhof, G. J. (2015). Positive youth development and relational-developmental-systems. In W. F. Overton, P. C. M. Molenaar, & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology and developmental science: Theory and method (pp. 1-45). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118963418.childpsy116
27. McLanahan, S., & Booth, K. (1989). Mother-only families: Problems, prospects, and politics. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51(3), 557-580. https://doi.org/10.2307/352157
28. Odacı, H., Ülken, E., & Bülbül, K. (2022). Tek ebeveyn olan annelerin psikolojik sağlamlıkları ile yaşam doyumları arasındaki ilişkide umut ve affetmenin aracı rolü. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 23(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.12984/egeefd.939069
29. Overton, W. F. (2014). The process-relational paradigm and relational-developmental-systems metamodel as context. Research in Human Development, 11(4), 323-331. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2014.971549
30. Psouni, E., Berg, J., & Persson, H. (2022). Solo mothers’ by choice experiences during pregnancy and early parenthood: Thoughts and feelings related to maternal health-services. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, 33, 100757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2022.100757
31. Segal-Engelchin, D., & Wozner, Y. (2005). Quality of life of single mothers by choice in Israel: A comparison to divorced mothers and married mothers. Marriage & Family Review, 37(4), 7-28. https://doi.org/10.1300/J002v37n04_02
32. Steinberg, L. (1987). Single parents, stepparents, and the susceptibility of adolescents to antisocial peer pressure. Child Development, 58(1), 269-275. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1130307
33. Şahin, Z., & Karataş, K. (2025). Sosyal hizmet perspektifiyle yalnız annelik deneyimleri. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, (41), 20-44. https://doi.org/10.20875/makusobed.1535578
34. Taylor, Z. E., & Conger, R. D. (2017). Promoting strengths and resilience in single‐mother families. Child development, 88(2), 350-358. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12741
35. Türk Dil Kurumu (TDK). (2025, July 8). TDK sözlük. https://sozluk.gov.tr/
36. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2024a). (2025, July 13). Doğum istatistikleri. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Dogum-Istatistikleri-2024-54196.
37. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2024b). (2025, July 13). İstatistiklerle aile. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Aile-2024-53898
38. Werner, A., Funderskov, K. F., Nielsen, M. K., Mørkholm, H., Danbjørg, D. B., & Rothmann, M. J. (2021). The journey to solo motherhood–An explorative study. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, 27, 100586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2020.100586
39. Wiegers, W. A., & Chunn, D. E. (2015). Stigma and resistance: The social experience of choosing sole motherhood in Canada 1965–2010. In Women's Studies International Forum, 51, 42-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2015.05.001
40. Young, L. E., Cunningham, S. L., & Buist, D. S. M. (2005). Lone mothers are at higher risk for cardiovascular disease compared with partnered mothers. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III). Health Care Women International, 26(7), 604-621. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399330591004845
41. Yüksel-Güngör, B., & Özaydın, M. M. (2023). Çalıştırmacı refah politikaları bağlamında çalışma hayatında yer alan bekar anneler: Toplum yararına çalışma programı örneği. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(46), 69-96. https://doi.org/10.46928/iticusbe.1252310
42. Zimiles, H., & Lee, V. E. (1991). Adolescent family structure and educational progress. Developmental Psychology, 27(2), 314-320. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0012-1649.27.2.314