KUTUP ALTI BÖLGEDEKİ YEREL KONUT ÖRNEKLERİNİN İKLİM, TASARIM VE ÇEVRESEL EKONOMİ BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ ÜZERİNE NİTEL BİR ÇALIŞMA

Hasan Basri Kartal; Asiye Nisa Kartal

doi:10.54688/ayd.1429681

EN TR

A QUALITATIVE STUDY ON THE INVESTIGATION OF LOCAL DWELLING UNITS IN THE SUBARCTIC REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE, DESIGN AND ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMY

Abstract

The 'niche construction theory' in the late 1980s implies that architectural production develops in the shadow of biological data and evolutionary qualities, apart from socio-cultural codes. Niche construction theory considers architectural action as a two-way active action that develops at the centre of the relationship between humans and the environment. The method examined the plan morphologies and materials used in local housing with shelter units under the framework of niche construction theory. In the Sub-Arctic regional morphology, the house 'lavvu' and 'goahti' of the Lapps; 'mya' of the Nenets; 'yaranga' of the Chukchi; and 'pehmy' of the Itelmens were investigated. The study examined whether local shelter units are considered ecological niches in the subpolar climate. The findings showed that reindeer hide, birch bark and peat were used as basic building materials. Residences in conical form, with a round plan type and consisting of building elements that were easy to assemble and disassemble, were suitable for thermal comfort and wind protection. The discussion emphasized that sustainable, round-planned local architecture produced with viable, light, portable natural materials that required little labour can be considered ecological niches. The materials and construction techniques used in local housing design examined in the article supported the argument that local people create a unique and active environmental economy through architectural design. From the perspective of niche construction theory, architectural products are ecological heritage created through climate, design, landscape character and regional morphology. The local people can establish a rational bond with the environment, landscape and regional morphology thanks to the unique design thinking and methods used in tents and huts. This article was the first in Turkish literature to address the design principles of local housing examples in the Subarctic regional morphology. The study contributed to overcoming the lack of literature in Turkish on biological evolution-based 'niche construction theory'.

Keywords

Human-Environment relationship, Subarctic regional morphology, Niche construction theory, Subpolar climate, lavvu, goahti, mya, yaranga, pehmy

KUTUP ALTI BÖLGEDEKİ YEREL KONUT ÖRNEKLERİNİN İKLİM, TASARIM VE ÇEVRESEL EKONOMİ BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ ÜZERİNE NİTEL BİR ÇALIŞMA

Abstract

1980’lerin sonunda ortaya atılan ‘niş inşası kuramı’, mimari üretimin, sosyo-kültürel kodlar dışında biyolojik veriler ve evrimsel niteliklerin gölgesinde geliştiğini ima eder. Niş inşası kuramı, mimari eylemi, insan ve çevre ilişkisi merkezinde gelişen, çift taraflı etkin bir eylem olarak kavramsallaştırır. Çalışmanın metodu, barınma birimleri olan yerel konut tasarımında kullanılan plan morfolojisine, malzeme kullanımına, niş inşası kuramı çerçevesinde yaklaşır. Kutup altı bölgesel morfolojisinde, Laponlar’daki ‘lavvu’ ve ‘goahti’ler; Nenetsler’deki ‘mya’lar, Çukçiler’deki ‘yaranga’lar, İtelmenler’deki ‘pehmy’ler ele alınmıştır. Çalışma, Kutup altı iklimde, yerel barınma ünitelerinin ekolojik nişler olarak ele alınıp alınamayacağını ele alır. Bulgular, ren geyiği derisi, huş ağacı kabuğu ve turbanın temel yapı malzemesi olarak kullanıldığı göstermektedir. Yuvarlak plan tipine sahip, birleşip sökülmesi kolay yapı elemanlarından oluşan konik formda çadır ya da kulübeler, ısıl konfor ve rüzgâr korunumu için uygun niteliktedir. Tartışma, sürdürülebilir, az iş gücü gerektiren, uygulanabilir, hafif, taşınabilir doğal malzeme ile üretilmiş ve yuvarlak planlı yerel mimari örneklerinin, ekolojik nişler olarak ele alınabileceğini vurgular. Makalede incelenen yerel konut tasarımda kullanılan malzemeler ve inşa teknikleri, yerel halkların mimari tasarım aracılığı ile özgün ve aktif bir çevre ekonomisi yarattığı savını destekler. Niş inşası kuramı perspektifinde mimarlık ürünleri; iklim, tasarım, peyzaj karakteri ve bölgesel morfoloji aracılığı ile yaratılan ekolojik mirastır. Çadır ve kulübelerin özgün tasarım düşüncesi ve yöntemleri sayesinde, yerel insan, çevre, peyzaj ve bölgesel morfolojisi ile rasyonel bir bağ kurabilmektedir. Makale, Türkçe dilinde yazılmış Kutup altı bölgesel morfolojisinde yerel konut örneklerinin tasarım ilkelerini ele alan ilk çalışmadır ve biyolojik evrimleşme temelli ‘niş inşası kuramı’na dair literatür eksikliğinin aşılması için katkı sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

İnsan-Çevre ilişkisi, Kutup altı bölgesel morfolojisi, Niş inşası kuramı, Kutup altı iklimi, lavvu, goahti, mya, yaranga, pehmy

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Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Economic Theory (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Hasan Basri Kartal ^*
0000-0003-1586-9596
United Kingdom

Asiye Nisa Kartal
0000-0002-6805-6778
United Kingdom

Publication Date

December 31, 2024

Submission Date

February 1, 2024

Acceptance Date

August 28, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2024 Volume: 15 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.54688/ayd.1429681

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA45YH69FM

APA

Kartal, H. B., & Kartal, A. N. (2024). KUTUP ALTI BÖLGEDEKİ YEREL KONUT ÖRNEKLERİNİN İKLİM, TASARIM VE ÇEVRESEL EKONOMİ BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ ÜZERİNE NİTEL BİR ÇALIŞMA. Journal of Academic Approaches, 15(3), 1227-1249. https://doi.org/10.54688/ayd.1429681

AMA

1.Kartal HB, Kartal AN. KUTUP ALTI BÖLGEDEKİ YEREL KONUT ÖRNEKLERİNİN İKLİM, TASARIM VE ÇEVRESEL EKONOMİ BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ ÜZERİNE NİTEL BİR ÇALIŞMA. JAA. 2024;15(3):1227-1249. doi:10.54688/ayd.1429681

Chicago

Kartal, Hasan Basri, and Asiye Nisa Kartal. 2024. “KUTUP ALTI BÖLGEDEKİ YEREL KONUT ÖRNEKLERİNİN İKLİM, TASARIM VE ÇEVRESEL EKONOMİ BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ ÜZERİNE NİTEL BİR ÇALIŞMA”. Journal of Academic Approaches 15 (3): 1227-49. https://doi.org/10.54688/ayd.1429681.

EndNote

Kartal HB, Kartal AN (December 1, 2024) KUTUP ALTI BÖLGEDEKİ YEREL KONUT ÖRNEKLERİNİN İKLİM, TASARIM VE ÇEVRESEL EKONOMİ BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ ÜZERİNE NİTEL BİR ÇALIŞMA. Journal of Academic Approaches 15 3 1227–1249.

IEEE

[1]H. B. Kartal and A. N. Kartal, “KUTUP ALTI BÖLGEDEKİ YEREL KONUT ÖRNEKLERİNİN İKLİM, TASARIM VE ÇEVRESEL EKONOMİ BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ ÜZERİNE NİTEL BİR ÇALIŞMA”, JAA, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 1227–1249, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.54688/ayd.1429681.

ISNAD

Kartal, Hasan Basri - Kartal, Asiye Nisa. “KUTUP ALTI BÖLGEDEKİ YEREL KONUT ÖRNEKLERİNİN İKLİM, TASARIM VE ÇEVRESEL EKONOMİ BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ ÜZERİNE NİTEL BİR ÇALIŞMA”. Journal of Academic Approaches 15/3 (December 1, 2024): 1227-1249. https://doi.org/10.54688/ayd.1429681.

JAMA

1.Kartal HB, Kartal AN. KUTUP ALTI BÖLGEDEKİ YEREL KONUT ÖRNEKLERİNİN İKLİM, TASARIM VE ÇEVRESEL EKONOMİ BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ ÜZERİNE NİTEL BİR ÇALIŞMA. JAA. 2024;15:1227–1249.

MLA

Kartal, Hasan Basri, and Asiye Nisa Kartal. “KUTUP ALTI BÖLGEDEKİ YEREL KONUT ÖRNEKLERİNİN İKLİM, TASARIM VE ÇEVRESEL EKONOMİ BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ ÜZERİNE NİTEL BİR ÇALIŞMA”. Journal of Academic Approaches, vol. 15, no. 3, Dec. 2024, pp. 1227-49, doi:10.54688/ayd.1429681.

Vancouver

1.Hasan Basri Kartal, Asiye Nisa Kartal. KUTUP ALTI BÖLGEDEKİ YEREL KONUT ÖRNEKLERİNİN İKLİM, TASARIM VE ÇEVRESEL EKONOMİ BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ ÜZERİNE NİTEL BİR ÇALIŞMA. JAA. 2024 Dec. 1;15(3):1227-49. doi:10.54688/ayd.1429681

A QUALITATIVE STUDY ON THE INVESTIGATION OF LOCAL DWELLING UNITS IN THE SUBARCTIC REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE, DESIGN AND ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMY

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Keywords

KUTUP ALTI BÖLGEDEKİ YEREL KONUT ÖRNEKLERİNİN İKLİM, TASARIM VE ÇEVRESEL EKONOMİ BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ ÜZERİNE NİTEL BİR ÇALIŞMA

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