RENEWABLE ENERGY AND CO₂ EMISSIONS: A CASE STUDY OF TURKIYE (1985-2022)
Abstract
The intricate interconnection between economic expansion and environmental protection continues to be a significant area of academic enquiry and policy debate. By analyzing the impact of economic expansion and renewable energy consumption on environmental degradation, this article aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on this topic from a Turkish perspective. The study employs theoretical frameworks such as the N-shaped variant of the Kuznets curve hypothesis, in conjunction with considerations of renewable energy integration and population dynamics, to provide nuanced perspectives on Turkey's environmental-economic landscape. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) tests were used to examine unit roots, followed by the application of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) methodology for econometric estimation. The bounds test confirmed a long-run cointegrating relationship among the variables. Diagnostic tests validated the robustness of the estimation, while the CUSUM and CUSUMSQ tests indicated stable coefficients over time, with no signs of instability.Empirical results suggest that the N-shaped Kuznets curve hypothesis is relevant in Turkey. An initial exacerbation of environmental degradation occurred, followed by amelioration as economic maturity ensued. Furthermore, the study suggests that sustainable energy sources warrant greater consideration in national energy strategies, given the potential of renewable energy to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
Keywords
CO₂ Emission, Renewable Energy, Economic Growth, Sustainability, ARDL
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