Research Article

THE PRESERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE EARLY REPUBLICAN PERIOD: LEGAL, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL APPROACHES IN TURKEY (1923–1938)

Volume: 17 February 25, 2026
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THE PRESERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE EARLY REPUBLICAN PERIOD: LEGAL, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL APPROACHES IN TURKEY (1923–1938)

Abstract

Abstract This study examines the legal, social, and institutional approaches developed for the protection of cultural assets during the founding years of the Republic of Turkey, within a historical context. Following the proclamation of the Republic, the systematic preservation of artifacts inherited from the Ottoman Empire and the institutionalization of museology were directly linked to the modernization process of the newly established nation–state. Cultural assets were considered fundamental components in constructing historical continuity and reinforcing national identity. The laws and regulations enacted in the 1920s and 1930s have been analyzed in detail, as they formed the legal foundation of cultural policies. Within this framework, the study highlights concrete initiatives such as the institutionalization of museology, the inventorying of antiquities, and restoration practices. During this period, cultural policies became an integral part of national identity formation. Legislative reforms and inventory efforts led by the Ministry of Education were supported by academic institutions such as the Turkish Historical Society, the Turkish Institute of Archaeology, and the Faculty of Language, History, and Geography. At the same time, civil organizations like the People’s Houses and the Turkish Touring Club played an active role in connecting cultural heritage with the public. These groups contributed significantly to the identification, promotion, and preservation of historical artifacts. The aim of this study is to emphasize that cultural assets not only reflect traces of the past but also serve as building blocks of modern national identity. It also seeks to assess the level of awareness, the policies implemented, and their societal impacts regarding the protection of cultural heritage in the early Republican period.

Keywords

Cultural Heritage , Preservation , Institutionalization , Legislation , Museology , Archaeology

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APA
Koca, M. (2026). THE PRESERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE EARLY REPUBLICAN PERIOD: LEGAL, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL APPROACHES IN TURKEY (1923–1938). Journal of Academic Approaches, 17, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.54688/ayd.1736467