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A Comparison of the Energy, Fat, and Salt Content of Chips Consumed in Ten Different Countries Based on Nutrition Label Information

Year 2026, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 79 - 92, 02.01.2026

Abstract

Chips are among mostly consumed snacks worldwide. Their nutritional composition may vary significantly between countries. This study aimed to compare the energy, total fat, saturated fat, and salt contents of chips consumed in ten countries. The nutrition labels of 554 chips available in online markets were examined. The highest energy content was in the United States of America (USA), and the lowest was in Germany. Regarding total fat, the highest value was also observed in the USA, whereas Türkiye had the lowest. Potato chips contained the highest energy and total fat levels. Reduced-salt chips had the highest energy and total fat content. Regarding salt content, the highest salt value was in reduced fat chips. These findings indicate that the nutrient content of chips varies significantly depending on the country, raw materials, and processing methods. Reformulating commonly consumed chips can enhance compliance with daily macronutrient intake, reduce nutritional problems, and support global health goals by promoting equitable access to healthier food options

References

  • Afshin, A., Sur, P.J., Fay, K.A., Cornaby, L., Ferrara, G., Salama, J.S., Mullany, E.C, Abate, K.H., Abbafati, C., Abebe, Z., Afarideh, M., Aggarwal, A., Agrawal, S., Akinyemiju, T., Alahdab, F., Bacha, U., Bachman, V.F., Badali, H., Badawi, A., … Nguyen, C.T. (2019). Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990–2017: Asystematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet, 393(10184), 1958–1972. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30041-8
  • Albuquerque, T.G., Sanches-Silva, A., Santos, L., Costa, H.S. (2012). An update on potato crisps contents of moisture, fat, salt and fatty acids (including trans-fatty acids) with special emphasis on new oils/fats used for frying. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 63(6), 713–717. https://doi.org/10.3109/09637486.2011.644768
  • Albuquerque, T.G., Santos, J., Silva, M.A., Oliveira, M.B.P., Costa, H.S. (2018). An update on processed foods: relationship between salt, saturated and trans fatty acids contents. Food Chemistry, 267,75–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.029
  • Alkaltham, M.S., Özcan, M.M., Uslu, N., Salamatullah, A.M., Hayat, K. (2020). Characterization of oil uptake and fatty acid composition of pre-treated potato slices fried in sunflower and olive oils. Journal of Oleo Science, 69(3), 185–190. https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.ess19288
  • Buechler, A.E, Lee, S.Y. (2020) Drivers of liking for reduced sodium potato chips and puffed rice. Journal of Food Science, 85(1), 173–181. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.14972
  • Cakmak, Y.S., Guler, G.O., Yigit, S., Caglav, G., Aktumsek, A. (2011). Fatty acid composition and trans fatty acids in crisps and cakes in Turkey's markets. International Journal of Food Properties, 14(4), 822–829. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942910903453389
  • Dasgupta, R., Pillai, R., Kumar, R., Arora, N.K. (2015). Sugar, salt, fat, and chronic disease epidemic in India: is there need for policy interventions? Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 40(2), 71–75. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.153858
  • De Alzaa, F., Guillaume, C., Ravetti, L. (2018). Evaluation of chemical and physical changes in different commercial oils during heating. Acta Scientific Nutritional Health, 2(6), 2–11.
  • De Alzaa, F., Guillaume, C., Ravetti, L. (2021). Evaluation of chemical and nutritional changes in chips, chicken nuggets, and broccoli after deep-frying with extra virgin olive oil, canola, and grapeseed oils. Journal of Food Quality, 2021(1). https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7319013
  • De Assis, F.S., Rebellato, A.P., Pallone, J.A.L., Behrens, J.H. (2022). Salt reduction in potato chips using microparticulated salt and spices: A sensory study with consumers. Journal of Sensory Studies, 37(5), e12772. https://doi.org/10.1111/joss.12772
  • Elias, S.L., Innis, S.M. (2002). Bakery foods are the major dietary source of trans-fatty acids among pregnant women with diets providing 30 percent energy from fat. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 102, 46–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(02)90015-5
  • Eraslan, E.C. (2024). A study on antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of Kahramanmaraş tarhana. International Journal of Chemistry and Technology, 8(2),159–163. https://doi.org/10.32571/ijct.1529920
  • Ertop, M.H., Kutluk, K., Çoşkun, K., Canlı, S. (2016). A new approach for production of chips with food industry byproducts: Gluten-enriched chips. Akademik Gıda, 14(4),398–406. https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.1609151
  • Gearon, E., Riesenberg, D., Backholer, K., Cameron, A.J., Sacks, G., Ni Mhurchu, C., Peeters, A., (2021). Energy-dense, nutrient-poor food and beverage sales in Australia: where and when products are sold, and how sales are changing over time. Public Health Nutrition. 24(2),193–202. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980020002347
  • Fisher, R.A. (1934). Statistical methods for research workers (5. ed.). Oliver and Boyd.
  • Ilgaz, Ş., Yarangümeli, K. (2019). Gıda ve içecek sektörü için protokol uygulama ve tuz azaltma rehberi [Salt Reduction and protocol ımplementation guide for the food and beverage ındustry]. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. https://www.tgdf.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Tuz-Azaltma-Rehberi.pdf
  • Joshi, A., Rudra, S.G., Sagar, V.R., Raigond, P., Dutt, S., Singh, B., Singh, B. P. (2016). Development of low-fat potato chips through microwave processing. The Journal of Food Science and Technology, 53(8), 3296–3305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-016-2304-y
  • Jun, D., Knowles, K., Fazzino, T.L. (2025). Examination of hyper-palatable foods and their nutrient characteristics using globally crowdsourced data. PLoS One, 20(6), e0325479. https://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0325479
  • Kalnina, I., Straumite, E., Kruma, Z., Sabovics, M., Kince, T. (2017). Quality evaluation of potato and vegetable crisps in Latvian market. Research for Rural Development, 1, 244–250. https://doi.org/10.22616/rrd.23.2017.036
  • Kalita, D., Jayanty, S.S. (2017). Nutrient composition of continuous and kettle cooked potato chips from three potato cultivars. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal, 5(2),75–88. https://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CRNFSJ.5.2.04
  • Kwong, E.J.L., Whiting, S., Bunge, A.C., Leven, Y., Breda, J., Rakovac, I., Cappuccio, F.P., Wickramasinghe, K. (2023). Population-level salt intake in the WHO European Region in 2022: A systematic review. Public Health Nutrition, 26(1), 6–19. https://doi:10.1017/S136898002200218X
  • Lozano-Castellon, J., de Alvarenga, J.F.R., Vallverdu-Queralt, A., Lamuela-Raventos, R.M. (2022). Cooking with extra-virgin olive oil: a mixture of food components to prevent oxidation and degradation. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 123, 28–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2022.02.022
  • Lumanlan, J.C., Fernando, W.M.A.D.B., Jayasena, V. (2020). Mechanisms of oil uptake during deep frying and applications of predrying and hydrocolloids in reducing fat content of chips. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 55(4), 1661–1670. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.14435
  • Machado, M., Rodriguez-Alcala, L.M., Gomes, A.M., Pintado, M. (2023). Vegetable oils oxidation: mechanisms, consequences and protective strategies. Food Reviews International, 39(7), 4180–4197. https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2022.2026378
  • Ouhtit, A., Al-Sharbati, M., Gupta, I., Al-Farsi, Y. (2014). Potato chips and childhood: What does the science say? An unrecognized threat? Nutrition, 30(10), 1110–1112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2014.01.008
  • Özdemir, P., Malayoğlu, H.B. (2017). Potato processing industry by-products and their evaluation in animal nutrition. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology (TURJAF), 5(1), 93–97. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i1.93-97.955
  • Özdemir, B., Zencir, E. (2017). Local product suggestion for food and beverage operations: Çerez tarhana [Local product suggestion for food and beverage operations: Çerez tarhana]. Journal of Tourism & Gastronomy Studies, 5(Özel sayı 2), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2017.108
  • St-Onge, M.P., Aban, I., Bosarge, A., Gower, B., Hecker, K.D., Allison, D.B. (2007). Snack chips fried in corn oil alleviate cardiovascular disease risk factors when substituted for low-fat or high-fat snacks. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 85(6), 1503–1510. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/85.6.1503
  • Tian, X., Fisk, I.D. (2012). Salt release from potato crisps. Food & Function, 3(4), 376–380. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2FO10282J
  • Thomas, C., Breeze, P., Cummins, S., Cornelsen, L., Yau, A., Brennan, A. (2022). The health, cost and equity impacts of restrictions on the advertisement of high fat, salt and sugar products across the transport for London network: A health economic modelling studyInternational Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 19, 93. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-022-01331-y
  • Thornton, L.E., Cameron, A.J., McNaughton, S.A., Waterlander, W.E., Sodergren, M., Svastisalee, C., Blanchard, L., Liese A.D., Battersby, S., Carter, M.A., Sheeshka, J., Kirkpatrick, S. I., Sherman, S., Cowburn, G., Foster, C., Crawford, D.A. (2013). Does the availability of snack foods in supermarkets vary internationally? International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10, 56. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-56
  • Tuomilehto, J., Puska, P., Tanskanen, A., Karppanen, H., Pietinen, P., Nissinen, A., Enlund, H., Ruotsalainen, P. (1981). A community-based intervention study on the feasibility and effects of the reduction of salt intake in North Karelia, Finland. Acta Cardiology, 36(2), 83–104.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2023). Türkiye çocuk araştırması, 2022 [Türkiye Child Survey, 2022]. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/bulten/index?p=Turkiye-Cocuk-Arastirmasi-2022-49744
  • Ugur, S., Şimşek, B. (2021). Some physicochemical, textural properties and acrylamide contents of chips produced from the teleme of white cheese. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 10(2), 606–614. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.932609
  • Uzun, Ö., Yağmur, C., Özer, E.A. (2007). Determination of nutritional characteristicsand comparison with label information of some commercial potato and corn chips in Turkey. Nutrition and Dietetics, 35(2), 53–62.
  • Warner, K. (2004). Chemical and physical reactions in oil during frying. In M.K. Gupta, K. Warner and P.J. White (Ed.), Frying technology and practices (pp. 16–48). Taylor & Francis.
  • Webster, J.L., Dunford, E.K., Hawkes, C., Neal, B.C. (2011). Salt reduction initiatives around the world. Journal of Hypertension, 29(6), 1043–1450. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0b013e328345ed83
  • World Health Organization. (2012). Guideline: Sodium intake for adults and children.. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/77985/9789241504836_eng.pdf?sequence=1
  • World Health Organization. (2023). Sodium reduction. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sodium-reduction
  • Wijesundera, C., Richards, A., Ceccato, C. (2007). Industrially produced trans fat in foods in Australia. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 84, 433–442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-007-1053-5
  • Yavuz, E., Örkmez, M., Bozdayı, M.A., Orhan, S., Kaplan, D.S., Balkan, A. (2024). Effect of tarhana soup on serum lipid profile in BALB/c male mice fed a high-fat-diet. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(2), 106–114. https://doi.org/10.30569/adiyamansaglik.1478460
  • Yıldırım, Ç., Güzeler, N. (2017). Tarhana cipsi [Tarhana chips]. Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 5, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.210953

On Farklı Ülkede Tüketilen Cipslerin Enerji, Yağ ve Tuz İçeriklerinin Besin Etiketi Bilgilerine Göre Karşılaştırılması

Year 2026, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 79 - 92, 02.01.2026

Abstract

Cipsler dünya çapında en çok tüketilen atıştırmalıklar arasındadır. Besin içerikleri ülkeler arasında önemli ölçüde farklılık gösterebilir. Bu çalışmada, on ülkede tüketilen cipslerin başına enerji, toplam yağ, doymuş yağ ve tuz içerikleri karşılaştırıldı. Online pazarlarda bulunan 554 cipsin besin etiketleri incelendi. En yüksek enerji içeriği Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde (ABD), en düşük ise Almanya'daydı. Toplam yağ açısından da en yüksek değer ABD'de gözlenirken, Türkiye en düşük değere sahipti. Patates cipsleri en yüksek enerji ve toplam yağ seviyelerine sahipti. Az tuzlu cipsler en yüksek enerji ve toplam yağ içeriğine sahipti. Tuz içeriği açısından en yüksek tuz değeri az yağlı cipslerdeydi. Bu bulgular, cipslerin besin içeriğinin ülkeye, hammaddelere ve işleme yöntemlerine bağlı olarak önemli ölçüde değiştiğini göstermektedir. Sık tüketilen cipslerin yeniden formüle edilmesi, günlük makro besin alımına uyumu artırabilir, beslenme sorunlarını azaltabilir ve daha sağlıklı gıda seçeneklerine eşit erişimi teşvik ederek küresel sağlık hedeflerini destekleyebilir.

References

  • Afshin, A., Sur, P.J., Fay, K.A., Cornaby, L., Ferrara, G., Salama, J.S., Mullany, E.C, Abate, K.H., Abbafati, C., Abebe, Z., Afarideh, M., Aggarwal, A., Agrawal, S., Akinyemiju, T., Alahdab, F., Bacha, U., Bachman, V.F., Badali, H., Badawi, A., … Nguyen, C.T. (2019). Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990–2017: Asystematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet, 393(10184), 1958–1972. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30041-8
  • Albuquerque, T.G., Sanches-Silva, A., Santos, L., Costa, H.S. (2012). An update on potato crisps contents of moisture, fat, salt and fatty acids (including trans-fatty acids) with special emphasis on new oils/fats used for frying. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 63(6), 713–717. https://doi.org/10.3109/09637486.2011.644768
  • Albuquerque, T.G., Santos, J., Silva, M.A., Oliveira, M.B.P., Costa, H.S. (2018). An update on processed foods: relationship between salt, saturated and trans fatty acids contents. Food Chemistry, 267,75–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.029
  • Alkaltham, M.S., Özcan, M.M., Uslu, N., Salamatullah, A.M., Hayat, K. (2020). Characterization of oil uptake and fatty acid composition of pre-treated potato slices fried in sunflower and olive oils. Journal of Oleo Science, 69(3), 185–190. https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.ess19288
  • Buechler, A.E, Lee, S.Y. (2020) Drivers of liking for reduced sodium potato chips and puffed rice. Journal of Food Science, 85(1), 173–181. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.14972
  • Cakmak, Y.S., Guler, G.O., Yigit, S., Caglav, G., Aktumsek, A. (2011). Fatty acid composition and trans fatty acids in crisps and cakes in Turkey's markets. International Journal of Food Properties, 14(4), 822–829. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942910903453389
  • Dasgupta, R., Pillai, R., Kumar, R., Arora, N.K. (2015). Sugar, salt, fat, and chronic disease epidemic in India: is there need for policy interventions? Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 40(2), 71–75. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.153858
  • De Alzaa, F., Guillaume, C., Ravetti, L. (2018). Evaluation of chemical and physical changes in different commercial oils during heating. Acta Scientific Nutritional Health, 2(6), 2–11.
  • De Alzaa, F., Guillaume, C., Ravetti, L. (2021). Evaluation of chemical and nutritional changes in chips, chicken nuggets, and broccoli after deep-frying with extra virgin olive oil, canola, and grapeseed oils. Journal of Food Quality, 2021(1). https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7319013
  • De Assis, F.S., Rebellato, A.P., Pallone, J.A.L., Behrens, J.H. (2022). Salt reduction in potato chips using microparticulated salt and spices: A sensory study with consumers. Journal of Sensory Studies, 37(5), e12772. https://doi.org/10.1111/joss.12772
  • Elias, S.L., Innis, S.M. (2002). Bakery foods are the major dietary source of trans-fatty acids among pregnant women with diets providing 30 percent energy from fat. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 102, 46–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(02)90015-5
  • Eraslan, E.C. (2024). A study on antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of Kahramanmaraş tarhana. International Journal of Chemistry and Technology, 8(2),159–163. https://doi.org/10.32571/ijct.1529920
  • Ertop, M.H., Kutluk, K., Çoşkun, K., Canlı, S. (2016). A new approach for production of chips with food industry byproducts: Gluten-enriched chips. Akademik Gıda, 14(4),398–406. https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.1609151
  • Gearon, E., Riesenberg, D., Backholer, K., Cameron, A.J., Sacks, G., Ni Mhurchu, C., Peeters, A., (2021). Energy-dense, nutrient-poor food and beverage sales in Australia: where and when products are sold, and how sales are changing over time. Public Health Nutrition. 24(2),193–202. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980020002347
  • Fisher, R.A. (1934). Statistical methods for research workers (5. ed.). Oliver and Boyd.
  • Ilgaz, Ş., Yarangümeli, K. (2019). Gıda ve içecek sektörü için protokol uygulama ve tuz azaltma rehberi [Salt Reduction and protocol ımplementation guide for the food and beverage ındustry]. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. https://www.tgdf.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Tuz-Azaltma-Rehberi.pdf
  • Joshi, A., Rudra, S.G., Sagar, V.R., Raigond, P., Dutt, S., Singh, B., Singh, B. P. (2016). Development of low-fat potato chips through microwave processing. The Journal of Food Science and Technology, 53(8), 3296–3305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-016-2304-y
  • Jun, D., Knowles, K., Fazzino, T.L. (2025). Examination of hyper-palatable foods and their nutrient characteristics using globally crowdsourced data. PLoS One, 20(6), e0325479. https://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0325479
  • Kalnina, I., Straumite, E., Kruma, Z., Sabovics, M., Kince, T. (2017). Quality evaluation of potato and vegetable crisps in Latvian market. Research for Rural Development, 1, 244–250. https://doi.org/10.22616/rrd.23.2017.036
  • Kalita, D., Jayanty, S.S. (2017). Nutrient composition of continuous and kettle cooked potato chips from three potato cultivars. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal, 5(2),75–88. https://dx.doi.org/10.12944/CRNFSJ.5.2.04
  • Kwong, E.J.L., Whiting, S., Bunge, A.C., Leven, Y., Breda, J., Rakovac, I., Cappuccio, F.P., Wickramasinghe, K. (2023). Population-level salt intake in the WHO European Region in 2022: A systematic review. Public Health Nutrition, 26(1), 6–19. https://doi:10.1017/S136898002200218X
  • Lozano-Castellon, J., de Alvarenga, J.F.R., Vallverdu-Queralt, A., Lamuela-Raventos, R.M. (2022). Cooking with extra-virgin olive oil: a mixture of food components to prevent oxidation and degradation. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 123, 28–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2022.02.022
  • Lumanlan, J.C., Fernando, W.M.A.D.B., Jayasena, V. (2020). Mechanisms of oil uptake during deep frying and applications of predrying and hydrocolloids in reducing fat content of chips. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 55(4), 1661–1670. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.14435
  • Machado, M., Rodriguez-Alcala, L.M., Gomes, A.M., Pintado, M. (2023). Vegetable oils oxidation: mechanisms, consequences and protective strategies. Food Reviews International, 39(7), 4180–4197. https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2022.2026378
  • Ouhtit, A., Al-Sharbati, M., Gupta, I., Al-Farsi, Y. (2014). Potato chips and childhood: What does the science say? An unrecognized threat? Nutrition, 30(10), 1110–1112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2014.01.008
  • Özdemir, P., Malayoğlu, H.B. (2017). Potato processing industry by-products and their evaluation in animal nutrition. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology (TURJAF), 5(1), 93–97. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i1.93-97.955
  • Özdemir, B., Zencir, E. (2017). Local product suggestion for food and beverage operations: Çerez tarhana [Local product suggestion for food and beverage operations: Çerez tarhana]. Journal of Tourism & Gastronomy Studies, 5(Özel sayı 2), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2017.108
  • St-Onge, M.P., Aban, I., Bosarge, A., Gower, B., Hecker, K.D., Allison, D.B. (2007). Snack chips fried in corn oil alleviate cardiovascular disease risk factors when substituted for low-fat or high-fat snacks. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 85(6), 1503–1510. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/85.6.1503
  • Tian, X., Fisk, I.D. (2012). Salt release from potato crisps. Food & Function, 3(4), 376–380. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2FO10282J
  • Thomas, C., Breeze, P., Cummins, S., Cornelsen, L., Yau, A., Brennan, A. (2022). The health, cost and equity impacts of restrictions on the advertisement of high fat, salt and sugar products across the transport for London network: A health economic modelling studyInternational Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 19, 93. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-022-01331-y
  • Thornton, L.E., Cameron, A.J., McNaughton, S.A., Waterlander, W.E., Sodergren, M., Svastisalee, C., Blanchard, L., Liese A.D., Battersby, S., Carter, M.A., Sheeshka, J., Kirkpatrick, S. I., Sherman, S., Cowburn, G., Foster, C., Crawford, D.A. (2013). Does the availability of snack foods in supermarkets vary internationally? International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10, 56. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-56
  • Tuomilehto, J., Puska, P., Tanskanen, A., Karppanen, H., Pietinen, P., Nissinen, A., Enlund, H., Ruotsalainen, P. (1981). A community-based intervention study on the feasibility and effects of the reduction of salt intake in North Karelia, Finland. Acta Cardiology, 36(2), 83–104.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2023). Türkiye çocuk araştırması, 2022 [Türkiye Child Survey, 2022]. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/bulten/index?p=Turkiye-Cocuk-Arastirmasi-2022-49744
  • Ugur, S., Şimşek, B. (2021). Some physicochemical, textural properties and acrylamide contents of chips produced from the teleme of white cheese. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 10(2), 606–614. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.932609
  • Uzun, Ö., Yağmur, C., Özer, E.A. (2007). Determination of nutritional characteristicsand comparison with label information of some commercial potato and corn chips in Turkey. Nutrition and Dietetics, 35(2), 53–62.
  • Warner, K. (2004). Chemical and physical reactions in oil during frying. In M.K. Gupta, K. Warner and P.J. White (Ed.), Frying technology and practices (pp. 16–48). Taylor & Francis.
  • Webster, J.L., Dunford, E.K., Hawkes, C., Neal, B.C. (2011). Salt reduction initiatives around the world. Journal of Hypertension, 29(6), 1043–1450. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0b013e328345ed83
  • World Health Organization. (2012). Guideline: Sodium intake for adults and children.. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/77985/9789241504836_eng.pdf?sequence=1
  • World Health Organization. (2023). Sodium reduction. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sodium-reduction
  • Wijesundera, C., Richards, A., Ceccato, C. (2007). Industrially produced trans fat in foods in Australia. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 84, 433–442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-007-1053-5
  • Yavuz, E., Örkmez, M., Bozdayı, M.A., Orhan, S., Kaplan, D.S., Balkan, A. (2024). Effect of tarhana soup on serum lipid profile in BALB/c male mice fed a high-fat-diet. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(2), 106–114. https://doi.org/10.30569/adiyamansaglik.1478460
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There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Nutrition and Dietetics (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Fatmanur Hümeyra Zengin 0000-0003-1586-5878

Tuğba Tatar 0000-0002-6030-3033

Emine Ahmetoğlu 0009-0001-3606-0908

Submission Date July 3, 2025
Acceptance Date November 8, 2025
Publication Date January 2, 2026
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Zengin, F. H., Tatar, T., & Ahmetoğlu, E. (2026). A Comparison of the Energy, Fat, and Salt Content of Chips Consumed in Ten Different Countries Based on Nutrition Label Information. Aydın Gastronomy, 10(1), 79-92.

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