Sosyal Kimlikler ve Psikoterapi Süreçleri: Terapistin ve Danışanın Sosyal Kimlikleri Açısından Eşleşmesi

Abstract

Danışanlar ve terapistler sosyal kimliklerini psikoterapi sürecine getirir. Mevcut derleme sosyal kimlikler bakımından terapist-danışan eşleşmesinin danışanın bakış açısından psikoterapist seçimiyle ve terapötik sonuçlarla ilişkisini incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Öncelikle sosyal kimlik kuramı tanıtılmış ve etkileşim ortakları arasındaki sosyal kimlik benzerliğinin veya eşleşmesinin empati, güven, kendini açma ve anlayış gibi kişiler arası ilişkilere özgü olumlu süreçler için önemi vurgulanmıştır. Ardından benzer kişiler arası süreçlerin psikoterapinin başarısı için de önemli olduğunun altı çizilerek danışan deneyimleri açısından özellikle ırk /etnisite, din, cinsiyet ve yaş bakımından danışan-terapist eşleşmesini ele alan görgül çalışmaların bulguları gözden geçirilmiştir. Danışan-terapist sosyal kimlik eşleşmesinin danışanların psikoterapist seçimini, memnuniyetini, psikoterapiye devamlılığını ve tedavi sonuçlarını etkilediği çıkarımına gidilebilir. Ancak danışan-terapist kimlik uyumuna ilişkin bulguların tutarlı olduğunu söylemek güçtür. Danışanlar özellikle terapinin ilk aşamalarında terapistin yaş, cinsiyet, din, sosyoekonomik düzey ve ırk /etnik köken gibi görece kolay fark edilebilir özelliklerine göre terapiste güven geliştiriyor olabilseler de farklılıklarla bir arada yaşamanın kaçınılmaz olduğu günümüz toplumlarında kültürel açıdan duyarlı psikoterapi yaklaşımlarını yaygınlaştırmak daha önemlidir.

Keywords

• Sosyal kimlik
• danışan-terapist eşleşmesi
• psikoterapist tercihi
• psikoterapi

Social Identities and Psychotherapy Processes: Therapist-Client Matching on Their Social Identities

Abstract

Clients and therapists bring their social identities into the psychotherapy process. The current review examined the association of therapist-client matching on social identities with psychotherapist selection and therapeutic outcomes from the client’s perspective. Firstly, social identity theory was introduced, and the prominence of social identity similarity or matching among interaction partners for positive interpersonal processes, such as empathy, trust, self-disclosure, and understanding was emphasized. Next, underlining that similar interpersonal processes are also crucial for the success of psychotherapy, we reviewed the findings of the empirical studies that specifically deal with client therapist matching on race/ethnicity, religion, gender, and age regarding client experiences. It can be concluded that the client-therapist social identity matching affects clients’ choice of psychotherapist, satisfaction, continuity with psychotherapy, and treatment outcomes. However, it is difficult to say that the findings on client-therapist identity matching are consistent. Although clients may trust their therapists, especially in the early stages of therapy, depending on the therapist’s relatively easily recognizable characteristics, such as age, gender, religion, socioeconomic level, and race/ethnicity, it is more important to spread culturally sensitive psychotherapy approaches in contemporary societies where it is inevitable to live together with differences.

Keywords

• Social identities
• client-therapist matching
• psychotherapist choice
• psychotherapy

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